International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology PDF
Preview International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology
International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology The Plenum Series in Underwater Archaeology Series Editor: J. Barto Arnold III Institute ofNautical Archaeology Texas A&M University College Station, Texas International Handbook ofUnderwater Archaeology Edited by Carol V. Ruppe and Janet F. Barstad Iron and Steamship Archaeology: Success and Failure on the SS Xantho Michael McCarthy Maritime Archaeology: A Reader ofSubstantive and Theoretical Contributions Edited by Lawrence E. Babits and Hans Van Tillburg The Material Culture ofSteamboat Passengers: Archaeological Evidence from the Missouri River Annalies Corbin The Persistence of Sail in the Age ofSteam: Underwater Archaeological Evidence from the Dry Tortugas DonnaJ. Souza A ContinuationOtderPlan isavailable fot thisseries. A continuationorderwill bringdeliveryofeach new volume immediatelyuponpublication.Volumesarebilledonlyuponactualshipment. Forfurther information pleasecontactthe publisher. International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology Edited by Carol V. Ruppe Librarian Emeritus Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona and Janet F. Barstad Prose and lmages Tempe, Arizona Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging.in.Publication Data International handbook of underwater archaeology/edited by Carol V. Ruppe and Janet F. Barstad. p. cm. - (The Plenum series in underwater archaeology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5120-7 ISBN 978-1-4615-0535-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0535-8 1. Underwater archaeology-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 1. Ruppe, Carol. II. Barstad, Jan. III. Series. CCnU5 155 2001 930.1' 028' 04-dc21 2001016493 ISBN 978-1-4613-5120-7 ©2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by K1uwer Academic / P1enum Publishers in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2002 AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permis sion from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose ofbeing entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. To those who have gone before Willard Bascom Eric McKee Charles W. Beebe Keith Muckleroy Howard Chapelle G.P.B. Naish Jacques-Yves Cousteau August Picard Calvin R. Cummings John Rick S. de Borheghi Reynold Ruppe Charles H. Fairbanks Joel Shiner Octavio Lixa Filgueiras Auguste Siebe Emile Gagnan John Smeaton John Goggin W.E. Suddereth Edmund Halley D.C. Switzer Donald P. Jewell Joan Du Plat Taylor Paul Johnstone Peter Throckmorton Warren G. Kenyon Robert C. Wheeler Per Lindstrom Warren Wonka Contributors D.K. Abbass, Project Director, Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project, Newport, Rhode Island 02840 Christian Ahlstrom, International Congress of Maritime Museums, Helsinki, 00140 Finland ChristopherF.Amer, DeputyStateUnderwaterArchaeologist, SouthCarolinaInstitute for Archaeology and Anthropology, University ofSouth Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 J. Barto ArnoldIII, InstituteofNautical Archaeology,TexasA&M University,College Station, Texas 77841 LawrenceE.Babits,PrograminMaritimeStudies,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville, North Carolina 27853 Janet F. Barstad, Prose & Images, Tempe, Arizona 85282 CarloBeltrame,DipartmentodeScienzedell'AnticchitaedelVicinoOriente,Universita Ca' di Venezia, S. Polo 1977 30125 Venezia, Italy Jean-Yves Blot, Archaeologist, Torres Vedras, 2560, Portugal ColinBreen,CentreforMaritimeArchaeology,UniversityofUlster,Coleraine,Northern Ireland John D. Broadwater, Manager, Monitor National Marine Sanctuary,NationalOceanic and Atmosphere Administration, Newport News, Virginia 23606, Carl Olof Cederlund, Marine Archaeology Program, University College of South Stockholm, Sweden Annalies Corbin, Program in Maritime Studies, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27853 Kevin J. Crisman, Institute ofNautical Archaeology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Calvin R. Cummings,SeniorArchaeologist, Lateofthe National Park Service, Golden, Colorado 8040I Glenn P. Darrington, ScottishInstitute ofMaritime Studies, UniversityofSt. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom Dan Davis, RPM Nautical Foundation, Key West, Florida 33040 vii viii Contributors James P. Delgado, Executive Director, Vancouver Maritime Museum, Vancouver, BritishColumbiav63 1A3Canada DoloresCarolinaElkin,CONICET,UniversidadNacionaldelCentrodelaProvinciade BuenosAires, and Instituto Nacional de Antropologia, BuenosAires, Argentina 1378 Jeremy Green, Head, Maritime Archaeology and National Centre of Excellence, Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australia Maritime Museum, Fremantle, Western Australia WA 6160 David Gregory, Centre for Maritime Archaeology, National Museum of Denmark, DK-4000, Roski1de, Denmark John Gribble, South African Resources Agency, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa Max Guerout, Groupe de Recherche en Archeologie Navale, 75012, Paris, France AndrewW. Hall, FacultyAssociate,DirectorofGrantsandPublications,and Manager, Office for Nursing Research & Scholarship, University ofTexas School ofNursingat Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77550 John R. Halsey, Office of the State Archaeologist, Michigan Historical Center, Department ofHistory, Arts, and Libraries, Lansing, Michigan 48918 Edward C. Harris, Director, Bermuda Maritime Museum, Mangrove Bay, Bermuda Jack Hunter, Underwater Archaeologist, California Department of Transportation District 5, San Luis Obispo, California 93401 Donald H. Keith, Ships ofDiscovery, Corpus Christi Museum ofScience and History, Corpus Christi, Texas 78401 Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton, Archaeologist, Cayman Islands National Museum, GrandCayman, CaymanIslands Emad Khalil, Assistant Lecturer, Archaeology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Martin Klein, Consultant, Andover, Massachusetts 01810 SusanB.M. Langley, MarylandHistoricalTrust, DepartmentofHousingand Commu nity Development, Crownsville, Maryland 21032 PilarLunaErreguerena, NationalInstituteofAnthropologyand History, Subdirreci6n de Arqueo1ogia Aubacmitica, Semanario 8, Centro c.P., 06060. Mexico, D.F. Ian D. MacLeod, Director, MuseumServices, Western Australian Museum, Fremantle, Western Australia WA 6160 ColinJ.M. Martin, HonoraryReader, Centrefor EnvironmentalHistory, Universityof St. Andrews, St. Andrews Fife, KY16 9Al, Scotland, United Kingdom Victor Mastone, Director, Board of Underwater Archaeological Resources, Executive Office ofEnvironmental Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 Ian R. Mather, Assistant Professor, Maritime History and Underwater Archaeology, Department ofHistory, University ofRhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 Mohamed Mustafa, Archaeology Inspector, Underwater Archaeology Department, Supreme Council ofAntiquities, Alexandria, Egypt Robert S. Neyland, Head, Underwater Archaeology Branch, Naval Historical Center, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC 20374 Aidan O'Sullivan, Department for Archaeology, University College, Dublin, Republic ofIreland Ian Oxley, Department of Civil and Offshore Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom Warren Riess, Historical Marine Sciences, University ofMaine, Walpole, Maine 04573 Clifford E. Smith Jr., Bermuda Maritime Museum, Mangrove Bay, MA BX, Bermuda Contributors IX Roger C. Smith, State Underwater Archaeologist, Florida Bureau of Underwater Archaeology, Division ofHistorical Resources, Tallahassee, Florida 32399 Shell O. Smith, Maritime Archaeology Certificate Program, Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California 90808 Bruce G. Terrell, Maritime Archaeologist, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuary Division, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 Hans Van Tilburg, Marine Option Program, University ofHawaii at Manoa, Hawaii 96822 ShelleyWachsmann,InstituteofNauticalArchaeology,TexasA&MUniversity,College Station, Texas 77841 Gordon P. Watts Jr., Institute ofInternational Maritime Research, Inc., Washington, North Carolina 27887 Brian Williams, Senior Inspector, Environmental and Heritage Service, Belfast, BTl 2LA, Northern Ireland Joseph W. Zarzynski, Beateaux, Inc., Wilton New York 12831 Foreword Underwater research has long since taken its rightful placeas an importantsubdiscipline in the field ofarchaeology. Growth has been rapid, both in the prehistoric and historic underwater sites, and has accelerated in the past ten years. However, the published literature has not kept pace with new developments. Comprehensive reports and summaries have been needed to delineate the field's impressive progress. Carol Ruppe and Janet Barstad have designed the International Handbook of Underwater Archaeology to fill the literature gap that has widened so markedly in a decade. The editors take a geographicand topical approach and include perspectives on technology, law, and publicand private institutionalroles and goals, as well as a look to the future ofresearch and development oftechnologies and public programs. The Handbook is designed to appeal to a variety of readers: underwater arch aeologists, maritime historians, historical archaeologists and archaeologists in general, graduate students, and specialists in auxiliary fields-educators, biologists, environmen tal scientists, historians, and geographers. The book is also for the publicat large, which has developed a voracious appetite for shipwrecks. The editors selected the chapter authors for their depth of knowledge about their locales and for their professional expertise. The Handbook consist of three parts further divided into seven sections of 48 chaptersandan Afterword, followed byaglossaryandauthorandsubjectindexes. Most ofthe chapters are written by Americans, but other contributors worldwide also share their expertise. Some ofthe projects are updates, others compilations, and some arejust gettingtheirfeetwet. Severalwritersjustcouldnot take timeawayfrom their research to participate at present. Another volumecould be projectedat a latertime and iscertainly encouraged. We owe the present editors a tremendous vote ofthanks for the Herculean effort it took to bring the project to fruition. Bravasimas! Others works ofsimilar structure preceding this one include Ships andShipwrecks ofthe Americas, edited by George Bass (1988); The Sea Rememberswith itsemphasis on key wreck sites, edited by Peter Throckmorton (1987); Maritime Archaeology, edited by Keith Muckelroy (1977); and Shipwreck Anthropology, edited by Richard A. Gould (1983). xi
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