International Encyclopedia of Human Geography

6524 Pages·2009·127.94 MB·English

by  Rob Kitchin

I
NTERNATIONAL
E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
ROB KITCHIN
National Institute of Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
John Hume Building, National University of Ireland
Maynooth, County Kildare
Ireland
NIGEL THRIFT
University House, University of Warwick
Coventry
UK
AMSTERDAM(cid:2)BOSTON(cid:2)HEIDELBERG(cid:2)LONDON(cid:2)NEWYORK(cid:2)OXFORD
PARIS(cid:2)SANDIEGO(cid:2)SANFRANCISCO(cid:2)SINGAPORE(cid:2)SYDNEY(cid:2)TOKYO
I
NTERNATIONAL
E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
I
NTERNATIONAL
E
NCYCLOPEDIA OF
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
ROB KITCHIN
National Institute of Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
John Hume Building, National University of Ireland
Maynooth, County Kildare
Ireland
NIGEL THRIFT
University House, University of Warwick
Coventry
UK
AMSTERDAM(cid:2)BOSTON(cid:2)HEIDELBERG(cid:2)LONDON(cid:2)NEWYORK(cid:2)OXFORD
PARIS(cid:2)SANDIEGO(cid:2)SANFRANCISCO(cid:2)SINGAPORE(cid:2)SYDNEY(cid:2)TOKYO
Elsevier
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First edition 2009
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Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2007927349
ISBN: 978-0-08-044911-1 (set)
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09 10 11 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
SENIOR EDITORS
NoelCastree
GeographyDiscipline
Arthur LewisBuilding
School ofEnvironment andDevelopment
The Universityof Manchester
Manchester
UK
Mike Crang
Departmentof Geography
DurhamUniversity
Science Laboratories
Durham
UK
MonaDomosh
Departmentof Geography
DartmouthCollege
Hanover,NH
USA
v

SECTION EDITORS
KayAnderson LorettaLees
Centrefor CulturalResearch Cities ResearchGroup
University ofWestern Sydney Departmentof Geography
Penrith SouthDC, NSW,Sydney King’sCollege London
Australia London
UK
PaulCloke
Departmentof Geography
Sara McLafferty
University ofExeter
Departmentof Geography
Exeter
University ofIllinoisat Urbana–Champaign
UK
Urbana, IL
JeremyCrampton USA
Departmentof Geosciences
Georgia StateUniversity
Anssi Paasi
Atlanta,GA
Departmentof Geography
USA
University ofOulu
Linnanmaa
BrianGraham
Oulu
University ofUlster
Finland
Coleraine,N.Ireland
UK
ChrisPhilo
CostisHadjimichalis Departmentof Geographicaland EarthSciences
Departmentof Geography University ofGlasgow
HarokopioUniversity Glasgow
Athens UK
Greece
JamesSidaway
PhilHubbard
School ofGeography
Departmentof Geography
University ofPlymouth
University ofLoughborough
Plymouth
Loughborough
UK
UK
RobinKearns
KatieWillis
SchoolofGeography,GeologyandEnvironmentalSciences
Departmentof Geography
TheUniversityofAuckland
Royal Holloway,University ofLondon
Auckland
Egham
NewZealand
UK
Mei-Po Kwan
Departmentof Geography HenryYeung
TheOhio State University Departmentof Geography
Columbus,OH NationalUniversity ofSingapore
USA Singapore
vii

GUIDE TO USE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
Structure of the Encyclopedia ii. To draw the readers attention to parallel discussions
in other entries
The material in the Encyclopedia is arranged as a series iii. To indicate material that broadens the discussion
of articles in alphabetical order.
There are four features to help you easily find the Example
topicyou’re interested in: an alphabetical contents list, a The following list of cross references appears at the end
subject classification index, cross references and a full of the entry IMPERIALISM, CULTURAL
subject index.
Seealso:ColonialismI;ColonialismII;Dependency;First
World; Globalization, Cultural; Hegemony; Imperialistic
1. Alphabetical Contents List Geographies; Neocolonialism; Orientalism; Postcolonia
lism/Postcolonial Geographies; Poststructuralism/Post
Thealphabeticalcontentslist,whichappearsatthefront structuralist Geographies; Third World.
ofthefirstvolume,liststheentriesintheorderthatthey
Hereyou will find examples of all three functions of the
appear in the Encyclopedia. It includes both the volume
cross reference list: a topic discussed in greater detail
number and the page number of each entry.
elsewhere (e.g., Orientalism), parallel discussion in other
entries (Imperialistic Geographies) and reference to en
2. Subject Classification Index tries that broaden the discussion (e.g. Postcolonialism/
Postcolonial Geographies).
This index appears at the start of Volume 1 and groups
entriesundersubjectheadingsthatreflectthebroadthemes
of Human Geography. This index is useful for making 4. Index
quickconnectionsbetweenentriesandlocatingtherelevant
entry for a topic that is covered in more than one article. The index includes page numbers for quick reference to
the information you’re looking for. The index entries
differentiate between references to a whole entry, a part
3. Cross-references
of an entry, and a table or figure.
All of the entries in the Encyclopedia have been exten
sively cross referenced. The cross references which ap
5. Contributors
pearattheendofanentry,servethreedifferentfunctions:
i. To indicate if a topic is discussed in greater detail At the start of each volume there is list of the authors
elsewhere who contributed to that volume.
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