International Dispute Settlement

387 Pages·2011·2.77 MB·English

by  J. G. Merrills

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International Dispute Settlement
Aguidetothetechniquesandinstitutionsusedtosolveinternationaldisputes,
howtheyworkandwhentheyareused.Many,oftentopicalexamplesplacethe
theory of how things are supposed to work in the context of real-life events
sothatyoucanunderstandthestrengthsandweaknessesofdifferentmethods
inpractice.Thefullyupdatededitionofthissuccessfultextbookincludesthe
most recent arbitrations, developments in the WTO and case law from the
InternationalCourtofJustice.
J. G. Merrills has taught international law all over the world for more than
fortyyears.HeheldvisitingpostsattheUniversitiesofAucklandandToronto,
twiceservedasDeanoftheFacultyofLawatSheffieldUniversityandforeight
years was Alternate Member of the UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of
DiscriminationandProtectionofMinorities.Heistheauthorofvariousbooks
and journal articles on international law, and is a member of the American
Society of International Law and of the British Institute of International and
ComparativeLaw.In2007hewaselectedanAssociateMemberoftheInstitut
deDroitInternational.

International Dispute
Settlement
Fifth edition
J. G. MERRILLS
UniversityofSheffield
cambridgeuniversitypress
Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,
Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity
CambridgeUniversityPress
TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521199094
(cid:1)c J.G.Merrills2011
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2011
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Merrills,J.G.
Internationaldisputesettlement/J.G.Merrills.–5thed.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-521-19 909-4(hardback)
1.Pacificsettlementofinternationaldisputes. I.Title.
JZ6010.M47 2011
341.5(cid:2)2–dc22 2010051865
ISBN978-0-521-19909-4Hardback
ISBN978-0-521-15339-3Paperback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,
orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Preface pageix
Tableofcases xi
Tableoftreatiesandagreements xvii
Listofabbreviations xxiv
Listofwebsites xxvi
1 Negotiation 1
Consultation 2
Formsofnegotiation 8
Substantiveaspectsofnegotiation 11
Negotiationandadjudication 16
Limitationsofnegotiation 21
2 Mediation 26
Mediators 27
Consenttomediation 29
Functionsofmediation 33
Thelimitsofmediation 37
3 Inquiry 41
The1899Hagu eConvention 41
TheDoggerBankinquiry 42
Inquiriesunderthe1907HagueConvention 44
Treatypractice1911–40 47
TheRedCrusaderinquiry 48
TheLetelierandMoffittcase 51
Thevalueofinquiry 53
4 Conciliation 58
Theemergenceofconciliation 58
Theworkofcommissionsofconciliation 60
Thepracticeofconciliation 65
Theplaceofconciliationinmoderntreatylaw 69
Furtherdevelopments 74
Thesignificanceofconciliation 79
vi Contents
5 Arbitration 83
Formsofarbitration 83
Theselectionofarbitrators 86
Termsofreference 89
Basisofthedecision 94
Effectoftheaward 100
Privateinternationalarbitration 106
Theutilityofarbitration 111
6 TheInternationalCourtI:organisationandprocedure 116
Contentiousjurisdiction 116
Jurisdictionaldisputes 119
Incidentaljurisdiction 124
Advisoryjurisdiction 132
MembershipoftheCourt 134
Chambers 137
7 TheInternationalCourtII:theworkoftheCourt 142
TheCourt’sdecision 142
ExtensionoftheCourt’sfunction 147
Legalandpoliticaldisputes 152
Theeffectofjudgments 156
ThesignificanceoftheCourt 161
8 TheLawoftheSeaConvention 167
TheConventionanditssystem 167
Theprincipleofcompulsorysettlement 169
Exceptionstotheprincipleofcompulsorysettlement 172
Conciliation 174
Arbitration 176
Specialarbitration 179
TheInternationalTribunalfortheLawoftheSea 181
TheSea-BedDisputesChamber 183
InauguratingITLOS 186
ThesignificanceoftheConvention 189
9 Internationaltradedisputes 194
FromGATT(1947)totheWorldTradeOrganization 194
TheDisputeSettlementUnderstanding 195
Consultations 197
Goodoffices,conciliationandmediation 199
Panelproceedings 201
Appellatereview 205
vii Contents
Implementationofrulingsandrecommendations 210
Arbitration 213
TheWTOsystemincontext 215
10 TheUnitedNations 219
ThemachineryoftheOrganization 219
TheSecurityCouncilandGeneralAssemblyinaction 221
TheroleoftheSecretary-General 225
ThepoliticalorgansandtheInternationalCourt 231
Peace-keepingoperations 236
ActionunderChapterVII 242
Aredecisionsofthepoliticalorgansopentolegalchallenge? 247
TheeffectivenessoftheUnitedNations 250
11 Regionalorganisations 257
Therangeofregionalorganisations 257
Theroleofregionalorganisationsindisputes 264
Limitationsofregionalorganisations 271
Regionalorganisationsandadjudication 274
RegionalorganisationsandtheUnitedNations 279
12 Trendsandprospects 284
Disputesettlementtoday 284
Apoliticalperspective 286
Alegalperspective 290
Improvingthecapacityofpoliticalmethods 295
Improvingthecapacityoflegalmethods 301
Conclusion 308

Appendices 310
A. AgreementbetweenArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdom
establishinganInterimReciprocalInformationand
ConsultationSystem,1990 310
B. ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryintotheRedCrusader
Incident,1962(extract) 312
C. ConciliationCommissionontheContinentalShelfArea
betweenIcelandandJanMayen,May1981 314
D. ArbitrationAgreementbetweentheUnitedKingdomand
France,July1975 315
E. SpecialAgreementforSubmissiontotheInternationalCourtof
JusticeoftheDifferencesBetweentheRepublicofHungaryand
theSlovakRepublicConcerningtheGabcikovo-Nagymaros
Project(1993) 319
F. OptionalClauseDeclarations(Peru,Djibouti,Japan,Germany) 322
viii Contents
G. WTO:RulesofConductfortheUnderstandingonRulesand
ProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputes(extract) 325
H. SecurityCouncilResolution915,establishingUNASOG,
May1994 326
I. TermsofReferenceoftheTrustFundfortheInternational
TribunalfortheLawoftheSea(2000) 328
J. RulingPertainingtotheDifferencesbetweenFranceandNew
ZealandArisingfromtheRainbowWarriorAffair(extract) 330
K. CIS:ConceptforPreventionandSettlementofConflictsinthe
TerritoryofStatesMembersoftheCommonwealthof
IndependentStates(1996) 334
Index 341