International Developments in Investigative Interviewing PDF
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International Developments in Investigative Interviewing Edited by Tom Williamson, Becky Milne and WILLAN Stephen P. Savage PUBLISHING International Developments in Investigative Interviewing International Developments in Investigative Interviewing Edited by Tom Williamson, Becky Milne and Stephen P. Savage 0 WILLAN PUBLISHING Published by Willan Publishing Culmcott House Mill Street, Uffculme Cullompton, Devon EX15 3AT, UK Tel: +44(0)1884 840337 Fax: +44(0)1884 840251 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.willanpublishing.co.uk Published simultaneously in the USA and Canada by Willan Publishing c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave, Suite 300 Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA Tel: +001(0)503 287 3093 Fax: +001(0)503 280 8832 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.isbs.com © The editors and contributors 2009 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC IN 8TS. First published 2009 ISBN 978-1-84392-276-6 hardback British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. FSC Mixed Sources lorttts «>d other controll*d vourcn C**t no SOS COC-24M •wm S< wg C1M Im i UnwMi« (agncil Project managed by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire Printed and bound by T.J. International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Contents List of abbreviations vii List of figures and tables ix Notes on contributors x Foreword by john G.D. Grieve xvii Introduction xxi Part 1 Investigative interviewing and interrogation around the world 1 Investigative interviewing of suspects in Australia 3 Stephen Moston 2 Investigative interviewing in the UK 24 Andrea Shawyer, Becky Milne and Ray Bull 3 Investigative interviewing in the Nordic region 39 Ivar A. Fahsing and Asbjorn Rachlew 4 Police interviewing in France, Belgium and The Netherlands: something is moving 66 Sylvie Clément, Marc van de Plas, Paul van den Eshof and Nicole Nierop 5 Police interrogation in Canada: from the quest for confession to the search for the truth 92 Michel St-Yves International Developments in Investigative Interviewing 6 Interview and interrogation: a perspective and update from the USA 111 Randy Borum, Michael G. Gelles and Steven M. Kleinman Part 2 Current issues in interrogation and investigative interviewing 7 A critical analysis of the utilitarian case for torture and the situational factors that lead some people to become torturers 129 Rod Morgan and Tom Williamson 8 Investigative interviewing as a therapeutic jurisprudential approach 149 Ulf Holmberg 9 Increasing cognitive load in interviews to detect deceit 176 Aldert Vrij, Ronald Fisher, Samantha Mann and Sharon Leal 10 Detecting deceit: current issues 190 Peter Bull Index 207 vi List of abbreviations ACPO Association of Chief Police Officers APA American Psychological Association BPS British Psychological Society BSCT Behavioural Science Consultation Teams CBCA criteria-based content analysis CCRC Criminal Cases Review Commission CEAS Committee for the evaluation of criminal cases that have been concluded CFIS Centre for Investigative Skills Cl cognitive interview CIA Central Intelligence Agency CM conversation management CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CPTU Central Planning and Training Unit CRIME Code of Practice for Custody, Rights, Investigation, Management and Evidence CSI Crime Scene Investigation DCI Detective Chief Inspector DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DOD Department of Defense DWP Department for Work and Pensions ECHR European Convention on Human Rights ECI enhanced cognitive interview EEG Elecroencephalograms vii International Developments in Investigative Interviewing EI educing information EIP educing information professional ERISP Electronic Recording of Interviews with Suspected Persons FTP Federal, Provincial and Territorial GEMAC greeting, explanation, mutual activity, closure GKT Guilty Knowledge Polygraph Test GSS General Security Services HUMINT Human Intelligence ISB Intelligence Science Board KREATIV Kommunikasjon, Rettssikkerhet, Etikk og empati, Aktiv bevisstgjoring, Tillit gjennom âpenhet, Informasjon, Vitenskaplig forankring (Communication, Rule of law (due process), Ethics and empathy, Active awareness, Trust through openness, Information (not confirmation), Valid scientific foundation) MJ mechanical jurisprudence MOS military occupational speciality NNPL Nordic Network for Psychology and Law NPIA National Policing Improvement Agency OPI Office of Police Integrity PACE Police and Criminal Evidence Act PE prolonged exposure PEACE Planning and preparation; Engage and explain; Account; Closure; Evaluation (Model of Interviewing) PENS Psychological Ethics and National Security PICI police interview competency inventory PIP Professionalising Investigation Programme RM reality monitoring PinS Professionalism in Security SCI spaced cognitive interviews SOC sense of coherence SPOT Screening Passengers by Observation Technique SUE strategic-use-of-evidence TIM tactical interview model TJ therapeutic jurisprudence USG United States Government Figures and tables Figures 2.1 Interview cycle 28 3.1 Map of the Nordic region 39 3.2 Approaching a suspect interview with a direct accusation 53 3.3 Approaching potential evidence, with tactical consideration 57 3.4 Confronting the suspect with potential evidence, after the alternative explanations have been eliminated 59 Tables 2.1 Five tier interview training 34
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