International Communication: Continuity and Change (Hodder Arnold Publication) PDF
Preview International Communication: Continuity and Change (Hodder Arnold Publication)
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION This page intentionally left blank INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION Continuity and Change DAYA KISHAN THUSSU Goldsmiths College, University of London A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON Co-published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., New York First published in Great Britain in 2000 This impression reprinted in 2002 by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Huston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.arnoldpublishers.com Co-published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © 2000 Daya Kishan Thussu All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in. writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P OLP. The advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, but neither the author nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 340 74130 9 (hb) ISBN 0 340 74131 7 (pb) 456789 10 Production editor: James Rabson Production Controller: Bryan Eccleshall Cover Design: Terry Griffiths Typeset in 10/12 Sabon by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt Ltd., 100% EOU, Delhi-110 040 What do you think about this book? Or any other Arnold title? Please send your comments to [email protected] Dedicated to my mother Shrimati Sona Thussu, for her boundless love and care, and to the memory of my father Pandit Shambhu Nath Thussu, who taught me how to be critical. This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1 The historical context of international communication 11 Communication and empire 11 The growth of the telegraph 14 The era of news agencies 20 Case study: The rise of Reuters 21 The advent of popular media 23 Radio and international communication 26 The battle of the airwaves 27 The Cold War - from communist propaganda to capitalist persuasion 29 Case study: Covert communication - Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty 32 International communication and development 39 Case study: Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) 40 The demand for a New World Information and Communication Order 43 2 Approaches to theorizing international communication 53 'Free flow of information' 55 Modernization theory 56 Dependency theory 60 Structural imperialism 64 Hegemony 67 Critical theory 68 The public sphere 70 Cultural Studies perspectives on international communication 72 Theories of the information society 73 Discourses of globalization 76 A critical political-economy for the twenty-first century 81 viii Contents 3 Creating a global communication infrastructure 82 The privatization of telecommunications 83 Free trade in communication 84 Liberalization of the telecom sector 90 Privatizing space - the final frontier 94 Case study: Intelsat 96 Key players in the global satellite industry 99 Case study: Murdoch's News Corporation 107 The world of telecommunications 112 Implications of a liberalized global communication regime 115 4 The global media marketplace 119 Convergence 119 Global trade in media products 131 Case study: Televising sport globally - ESPN 134 Global news and information networks 150 Case study: CNN - The 'world's news leader' 156 Setting the global news agenda 163 5 Communication and cultural globalization 167 Globalization of Western culture ? 167 Case study: Children's television - catching them young 169 Case study: MTV Music Television 172 Concerns for cultural diversity 179 Global English 181 Regionalization and localization in the media market 184 Case study: Zee TV and hybrid television 197 6 Contraflow in global media 200 Seeing the big world on a small screen 200 Global culture's discontents 203 Global counterflow of television 206 Case study: Middle East Broadcasting Centre (MBC) 208 Case study: Phoenix Chinese Channel 212 Media exports from the South to the North 215 Case study: TV Globo 215 Case study: The other Hollywood - the Indian film industry 218 7 International communication in the Internet age 224 The dawn of the Internet age 225 From a 'free flow of information' to 'free flow of commerce' 231 Case study: The Microsoft monopoly? 239 The Internet as a political tool 242 The global digital divide 247 Case study: Alternative communication 249 International communication - continuity and change 259 Contents ix Glossary 263 Appendix IA chronology of international communication 271 Appendix II Useful websites 281 References 287 Author Index 317 Subject Index 323
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