International Citizens’ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights PDF
Preview International Citizens’ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights
International Citizens’ Tribunals International Citizens’ Tribunals: Mobilizing Public Opinion to Advance Human Rights Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer INTERNATIONALCITIZENS’ TRIBUNALS Copyright © Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer, 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-312-29387-1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any man- ner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2002 by PALGRAVETM 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVETMis the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd. (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd.). ISBN 978-1-349-38760-1 ISBN 978-0-312-29916-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780312299163 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay, 1941- . International citizens’ tribunals: moblizing public opinion to advance human rights / by Arthur Jay Klinghoffer and Judith Apter Klinghoffer. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Commissions of inquiry, International—History—20th century. 2. Human rights. 3. Public opinion. I. Klinghoffer, Judith Apter. II. Title. KZ6060 .K59 2002 341.4’81—dc21 2001036551 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Westchester Book Composition First edition: March 2002 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Abraham Zeev Apter and Sidney Klinghoffer Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviation of Citations xi Chapter I: Citizens’ Power 1 THE REICHSTAG FIRE CASE Chapter II: The Berlin Cauldron 11 Chapter III: Rallying to the Defense 19 Chapter IV: Showdown in Leipzig 31 Chapter V: Aftermath 43 THE MOSCOW SHOW TRIALS CASE Chapter VI: Deep Freeze 51 Chapter VII: A Tribunal Crystallizes 63 Chapter VIII: South of the Border 79 Chapter IX: Deliberations and Recriminations 91 THE VIETNAM WAR CRIMES CASE Chapter X: The Activist Philosopher 103 Chapter XI: Plan of Action 111 viii Contents Chapter XII: Behind the Scenes at Stockholm 123 Chapter XIII: The Swedish Context 139 Chapter XIV: Second Wind 149 CONTINUUM Chapter XV: Proliferation 163 Chapter XVI: Agenda for Reform 187 Notes 195 Index 243 Acknowledgments F irst and foremost we would like to thank the Danish-American Ful- bright program and the Norwegian Nobel Institute for enabling us to spend a year in Scandinavia to research Trotsky’s exile in Norway and the Russell Tribunal sessions in Sweden and Denmark. Later, a grant from the Rutgers Research Council was instrumental in facilitating research at the Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, and at the Morris Library of Southern Illinois Univer- sity and the Center for Dewey Studies, both in Carbondale, Illinois. Spe- cial thanks must certainly go to Anne Kjelling, chief librarian at the Nobel Institute, and to Sissel Wahlin and Anna Larsson, who provided excellent translations from Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian sources. Similarly, Petra Garnett and Benno Inslicht were instrumental in translating Dutch and German materials. At Rutgers University, Dung Nguyen and Keemya Richardson were most helpful in assisting with Internet searches. Several direct participants in the events covered in this study furnished accounts of their experiences via interviews, e-mail messages, and letters. Most noteworthy were the contributions of Dave Dellinger, Carl Oglesby, Ken Coates, Julius Lester, David Horowitz, Richard Falk, and Ebbe Reich. In terms of archival support, we benefited greatly from the efforts of John Wilson (Lyndon Baines Johnson Library), Carl Spadoni and Char- lotte Stewart (Bertrand Russell Archives), David Koch and Shelley Cox (Special Collections, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University), and Larry Hickman, Harriet Simon, Barbara Levine, and Diane Meierkort (Center for Dewey Studies). Nicholas Griffin, chief researcher at the Bertrand Russell Archives, was especially generous with his time and insightful comments as was Princeton University historian Anson Rabin- x Acknowledgments bach. At the Paul Robeson Library of Rutgers University, we tip our hats to the entire reference and circulation staffs that processed a huge number of requests for interlibrary loans with grace and alacrity. Also of great assis- tance were many helpful professionals at the Norwegian national library in Oslo; the university library in Aarhus, Denmark; and at our own local library in Cherry Hill. Arthur and Judith Klinghoffer Cherry Hill, New Jersey Abbreviation of Citations AGHP Arthur Garfield Hays Papers, Seeley G. Mudd Manu- script Library, Princeton University, USA BRA Bertrand Russell Archives, Mills Memorial Library, McMaster University, Canada CDS Center for Dewey Studies, Carbondale, Illinois, USA FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service H-DC Hook-Dewey Correspondence, Special Collections, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University, USA JDP John Dewey Papers, Special Collections, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University, USA LBJL Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas, USA Archival sources are noted as box/file, such as 75/8.
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