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International Business and Security Geostrategy in Perspective jiye kim arpit raswant International Business and Security “This is an impressive book about international business and security issues for two reasons: first, it is a comprehensive book, making it relevant for all international business scholars, and second, the intersection of international business and security is very novel and important. As such, this book is a must-read for scholars and practitioners likewise.” —Professor Florian Bauer, Sir Roland Smith Chair in Strategic Management, Lancaster University, United Kingdom “An excellent and timely read for managers, policymakers, and researchers.” —Dr Christopher Hoy, The World Bank, United States “A very insightful and well-rounded take on international business and security and how it shapes the rising powers in the Asia-Pacific. An essential read for policymakers, researchers, scholars, and journalists.” —Wella Andany, CNN, Indonesia Jiye Kim • Arpit Raswant International Business and Security Geostrategy in Perspective Jiye Kim Arpit Raswant Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University Deakin University Beppu, Japan Melbourne, Australia ISBN 978-3-031-05632-1 ISBN 978-3-031-05633-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05633-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface The world is currently facing the re-configuration of the global supply chain, intensifying nationalism and protectionism. Globalization and open market are confronted by significant challenges in the world’s larg- est economies. This book, International Business and Security-Geostrategy in Perspective, addresses the international business-security nexus through the lens of geostrategy. The book examines the implications of international business (IB) for international security (IS) and what implications IS has for IB. Recently, the IB literature has shown interest in the impact of politics and national security policies on multinational enterprises (MNEs). Similarly, the IS literature needs research on the impact of international business activities of MNEs and the interactions between MNEs, host, and home countries on national security policies. The book adopts the perspective of geostrategy that provides variables to analyze the behavior of national and non-national players in IB and IS. The book argues that the concept of geostrategy is useful in explaining the cross-level interac- tion among IB and IS players. Most importantly, the book applies a com- mon concept—geostrategy—to analyze the mutual implications of IB and IS. There has been a growing momentum to employ an interdisciplinary approach in facilitating critical thinking among our students in the rap- idly evolving international business and management environment. The v vi Preface IS scholarship is a study of threats and expanded by the securitization model, and the IB domain examines the phenomenon of globalization and multinational corporations. Both disciplines evaluate the problems in the individual, national, and global realms. Notably, both fields navi- gate the ever-so-challenging geostrategic issues in the Indo-Pacific region, which is home to a significant portion of current economic activity and future economic growth. We expect that this book will be demanded among scholarly commu- nities of international business and management, international relations, international security, and international political economy research domains. Further, this book is likely to be a useful resource for advanced coursework (in Honor, MSc, MPhil, and PhD degrees). Selected chapters from this book are likely to be used in more extensive undergraduate and postgraduate courses covering international business and security issues. We dedicate this book to everyone working towards achieving peace in the world. Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Japan Jiye Kim Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia Arpit Raswant Acknowledgments This book project was made possible with the continuing support of edi- torial and professional services staff at Palgrave Macmillan and Springer Nature. It is imperative to acknowledge the importance of all the support received from loved ones and well-wishers, especially during the pan- demic period. The authors are eternally grateful to everyone who sup- ported their writing journey of this book. vii Contents 1 International Business and Security Perspective 1 1.1 Finding the Intersection 3 1.2 Structure of the Book 8 References 11 2 Emerging Economies and Powers 15 2.1 M apping the Stories: China and India 16 2.2 Geostrategy in Focus 23 2.3 National-Subnational Interactions 28 References 30 3 International Business and Security Nexus in China 35 3.1 Geostrategy: The Overview 36 3.2 I B-IS Nexus with Chinese Characteristics 59 3.3 B elt and Road Initiative and Its Performers 75 References 105 ix x Contents 4 International Business and Security Nexus in India 117 4.1 Geostrategy: The Overview 118 4.2 Evolving Foreign Policies 125 4.3 I B-IS Nexus and the Global Security Order: The Quad Story 139 References 154 5 International Business and Security: Present and Future 161 References 171 I ndex 173 About the Authors Jiye Kim is an award-winning Assistant Professor at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University in Japan and a researcher affiliated with the University of Sydney in Australia Arpit Raswant is an award-winning Assistant Professor at Deakin University in Australia and a Visiting Researcher at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom xi