International arbitral jurisdiction

314 Pages·2011·0.953 MB·English

by  Chittharanjan Felix Amerasinghe

International Arbitral Jurisdiction
International Litigation
in Practice
General Editors
Loretta Malintoppi
Eduardo Valencia-Ospina
Advisory Board
David Anderson
John R. Crook
Gilbert Guillaume
Pieter Kooijmans
Sean D. Murphy
Alain Pellet
Brigitte Stern
Prosper Weil
Rüdiger Wolfrum
Sir Michael Wood
VOLUME 2
The titles published in this series are listed at the back of this volume,
and also at brill.nl/inli
International Arbitral Jurisdiction
By
Chittharanjan F. Amerasinghe
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2011
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Amerasinghe, Chittharanjan Felix, 1933–
International arbitral jurisdiction / by Chittharanjan F. Amerasinghe.
p. cm. — (International litigation in practice ; v. 2)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-90-04-18133-5 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Arbitration, International. 2. Jurisdiction (International law) I. Title.
KZ6115.A46 2011
341.5’22—dc22
2010050599

ISSN 1874-0502
ISBN 978 90 04 18133 5
Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV
incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers and VSP.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
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Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
Fees are subject to change.
Contents
Abbreviations ................................................................................................ ix
Table of Cases ............................................................................................... xiii
PART I
PROLOGUE
Chapter One Introductory Observations .............................................. 3
History of Arbitration ............................................................................. 4
Arbitration as a Means of Dispute Settlement .................................... 7
Representation before Arbitral Tribunals ............................................ 14
Personality of Arbitral Tribunals ........................................................... 15
The Place of Precedent ............................................................................ 15
Scheme of Work ....................................................................................... 17
PART II
GENERALITIES
Chapter Two La Compétence de la Compétence .................................. 23
History ........................................................................................................ 23
Initial Explanation of the Rule ............................................................... 26
Current Status ........................................................................................... 30
Possible Limitations ................................................................................. 33
Raising Proprio Motu the Issue of la Compétence de la
Compétence ............................................................................................ 40
Finality of the Determination on la Compétence de la
Compétence ............................................................................................ 41
Jurisdiction of Other Tribunals to Decide on the Compétence of a
Tribunal .............................................................................................. 42
The Issue of Conflict of Interest ............................................................ 44
vi Contents
Chapter Three Consent as the Basis of Jurisdiction ............................ 47
The Requirement ...................................................................................... 47
Requirements for Effective Consent ..................................................... 49
Consent and Individuals ......................................................................... 53
The Relationship of Consent to Inherent Jurisdiction ....................... 54
Parameters of Consent ............................................................................ 55
Chapter Four Interpretation of Clauses Submitting to
Jurisdiction ................................................................................................ 57
General Principles .................................................................................... 57
Restrictive Interpretation ........................................................................ 60
The Contra Proferentem Rule ................................................................. 63
The Doctrine of Sovereignty ................................................................... 65
Chapter Five The Matter of Compétence ............................................... 69
Forum Prorogatum and Compétence ..................................................... 72
The Judgment on Compétence and Res judicata ................................. 74
Identifying Matters of Compétence ....................................................... 76
Time for Raising Issues of Compétence ................................................ 78
Sources of Jurisdiction ............................................................................. 79
Scope of Primary Jurisdiction .............................................................. 82
Fundamental Limitations on the Scope of Primary Jurisdiction ..... 85
Exercise of Jurisdiction and Discretion ............................................... 92
Proof of Jurisdiction ................................................................................ 93
Chapter Six Inadmissibility ...................................................................... 95
Grounds for Inadmissibility ................................................................... 97
Waiver and Estoppel ................................................................................ 100
Time for Raising Objections to Admissibility ..................................... 117
Chapter Seven Incidental Jurisdiction: Intervention and Interim
Measures .................................................................................................... 119
Intervention ............................................................................................... 121
Interim Measures ..................................................................................... 130
Chapter Eight Jurisdiction vis-à-vis Remedies ..................................... 147
Inherent or Implied Jurisdiction ........................................................... 151
The Principle of Non Ultra Petita and Jurisdiction ........................... 165
Chapter Nine Jurisdiction to Reopen Cases ......................................... 167
Res judicata and Finality ......................................................................... 167
Reopening Cases ....................................................................................... 174
Contents vii
PART III
THE IRAN-U.S. CLAIMS TRIBUNAL
Chapter Ten The Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal ........................................ 199
Primary Jurisdiction: Compétence and Admissibility ....................... 199
Incidental Jurisdiction: Interim Measures ........................................... 243
Reopening Cases ....................................................................................... 259

Annex to Chapter Ten ................................................................................. 268
1. Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and
Popular Republic of Algeria (General Declaration),
19 January 1981 .................................................................................. 268
2. Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and
Popular Republic of Algeria Concerning the Settlement of
Claims by the Government of the United States of America
and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Claims
Settlement Declaration), 19 January 1981 ..................................... 274
Index ............................................................................................................... 279

Abbreviations
AD Annual Digest
AIDI Annuaire de l’institut de droit international
AJIL American Journal of International Law
Am. UJILP American University Journal of International Law
and Policy
Arb. International Arbitration International
Brooklyn JIL Brooklyn Journal of International Law
BYIL British Yearbook of International Law
Calif. WILJ California Western International Law Journal
Canadian YBIL Canadian Yearbook of International Law
CIJ Court International de Justice
CJEC Court of Justice of the European Communities
CLJ Cambridge Law Journal
CSAT Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal
CSD Claims Settlement Declaration (Iran-US)
Dickinson JIL Dickinson Journal of International Law
Duke LJ Duke Law Journal
EC European Communities
ECR European Court Reports
European JIL European Journal of International Law
FILJ Foreign Investment Law Journal
GA UN General Assembly
General Declaration Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and
Popular Republic of Algeria (January 19, 1981)
German YBIL German Yearbook of International Law
Hague Recueil Recueil des Cours de l’Académie de Droit Interna-
tional de la Hague
Harv. ILJ Harvard International Law Journal
IACHR Inter-American Court of Human Rights
IAT International Administrative Tribunal
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICJ International Court of Justice
ICJYB Yearbook of the ICJ
x Abbreviations
ICLQ International and Comparative Law Quarterly
ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Invest-
ment Disputes
ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia
IJIL Indian Journal of International Law
ILC International Law Commission
ILM International Legal Materials
ILO International Labour Organization
ILOAT ILO Administrative Tribunal
ILR International Law Reports
Iran-US CTR Iran-US Claims Tribunal Reports
ITLOS International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
J. Int’l Arb. Journal of International Arbitration
JDI Journal de Droit International
JUNAT Judgments of the UNAT
LDA London Debt Agreement
LN League of Nations
LNTS LN Treaty Series
MAT Mixed Arbitral Tribunal
Mich. LR Michigan Law Review
MIGA Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency
Moore, History and Digest Moore, History and Digest of the International
Arbitrations to which the United States has been
a Party (1898), 6 vols.
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
National LJ National Law Journal
Neth. Quarterly HR Netherlands Quarterly on Human Rights
NILR Netherlands International Law Review
NYJICL New York University Journal of International
and Comparative Law
NYUJIL New York University Journal of International
Law
OAS Organization of American States
OASAT OAS Administrative Tribunal
OECD Organization for European Cooperation and
Development
PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
PCIJ Permanent Court of International Justice
R.A.I. Lapradelle et Politis, Receueil des arbitrages
internationaux