The Psychology of Marginalized Groups O P P R E S S I O N E.J.R. David Editor Internalized Oppression E. J. R. David, PhD, was born in the Philippines to Kapampangan parents and was raised in Pasay, Las Pinˇas, Makati, and Barrow, Alaska. He received his MA and PhD in Clinical Community Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. David is currently an assistant professor at the University of Alaska, Anchorage, in the Joint PhD Program in Clinical Community Psychology that has a cultural and indigenous emphasis, where he also serves as the director of the Alaska Native Community Advancement in Psychology Program. His research program on the psychological effects of internalized oppression as expe- rienced by different ethnic and cultural groups started while he was in graduate school and led the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 45 to give him the Distinguished Doctoral Student Research Award “for his significant contribution in psychological research related to ethnic minority populations.” In 2012, Dr. David was honored by the APA Minority Fellowship Program with the Early Career Award in Research for Distinguished Contributions to the Field of Racial and Ethnic Minority Psychology, citing his “outstanding scientific contribu- tions and the application of this knowledge toward the improved mental and physical well-being of people of color.” In 2013, the Asian American Psychological Association presented him with the Early Career Award for Distinguished Contributions to Research. Dr. David is also the author of Brown Skin, White Minds: Filipino -/ American Postcolonial Psychology. Internalized Oppression The Psychology of Marginalized Groups E. J. R. David, PhD Editor Copyright © 2014 Springer Publishing Company, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior per- mission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, [email protected] or on the Web at www.copyright.com. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Internalized oppression: the psychology of marginalized groups / edited by E.J.R. David, Ph.D. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8261-9925-6 1. Marginality, Social—Psychological aspects. 2. Oppression (Psychology) 3. Minorities. 4. Intergroup relations. I. David, E. J. R. (Eric John Ramos) HM1136.I65 2014 305—dc23 2013034826 Special discounts on bulk quantities of our books are available to corporations, professional asso- ciations, pharmaceutical companies, health care organizations, and other qualifying groups. If you are interested in a custom book, including chapters from more than one of our titles, we can provide that service as well. For details, please contact: Special Sales Department, Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036-8002 Phone: 877-687-7476 or 212-431-4370; Fax: 212-941-7842 E-mail: [email protected] Printed in the United States of America by Edwards Brothers Malloy. This book is dedicated to Malakas, Kalayaan, Kaluguran, and the other children of the world. May you love all parts of your selves, and may your generation be free of internalized oppression. Contents Contributors ix Foreword by Eduardo Duran, PhD xiii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxv PART I. INTRODUCTION 1. What Is Internalized Oppression, and So What? 1 E. J. R. David and Annie O. Derthick PART II. AMERICA’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES 2. The Internalized Oppression of North American Indigenous Peoples 31 John Gonzalez, Estelle Simard, Twyla Baker-Demaray, and Chase Iron Eyes 3. Internalized Oppression and Alaska Native Peoples: “We Have to Go Through the Problem” 57 Jordan Lewis, James Allen, and Elizabeth Fleagle 4. Internalized Oppression Among Pacific Island Peoples 83 Michael Salzman and Poka Laenui PART III. MARGINALIZED RACIAL/ETHNIC COMMUNITIES 5. Self-Hatred, Self-Doubt, and Assimilation in Latina/o Communities: Las Consecuencias de Colonización y Opresión 109 Carlos P. Hipolito-Delgado, Stephany Gallegos Payan, and Teresa I. Baca 6. Internalized Racial Oppression in the African American Community 137 Tamba-Kuii M. Bailey, Wendi S. Williams, and Brian Favors vii viii contents 7. Asian Americans and Internalized Oppression: Do We Deserve This? 163 James B. Millan and Alvin N. Alvarez PART IV. SOCIALLY DEVALUED GROUPS 8. Girls, Women, and Internalized Sexism 191 Steve Bearman and Marielle Amrhein 9. Internalized Oppression and the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community 227 Kevin L. Nadal and RJ Mendoza 10. Disability and Internalized Oppression 253 Brian Watermeyer and Tristan Görgens Afterword by James M. Jones, PhD 281 Index 291 Contributors James Allen, PhD Professor of Biobehavioral Health & Population Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska Alvin N. Alvarez, PhD Professor of Counseling Associate Dean, College of Health & Social Sciences San Francisco State University San Francisco, California Marielle Amrhein, MA Group Facilitator Interchange Counseling Institute San Francisco, California Teresa I. Baca, MS Downey High School Downey, California Tamba-Kuii M. Bailey, PhD Assistant Professor of Counseling Psychology and Community Services University of North Dakota Grand Forks, North Dakota Twyla Baker-Demaray, PhD Mandan, Hidatsa, & Arikara Nation Vice President of Student Services Fort Berthold Community College New Town, North Dakota ix