Intermountain reporter / U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service.

22 Pages·1993·1.9 MB·English

by  United States. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Region

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

CCESSIBILITY ...
That word doesn’t mean very much to those WITHOUT physical
disabilities.
But, it surety does to those who want to enjoy the National Forests^
and Wildernesses but are hampered by physical disabilities. To
them, accesstbiUty means a lot
Accessibility, according to one of Webster’s definitions, i§A‘beings
T
able to use, enter or reach ” i t ^ ^
his past spring, the Region 4 Civil mechanized uses. While the Act makes
Rights Action Team (CRAT) met special provisions ^aircraft and
on the Salmon National Forest to motorboats, it is “s^eht” about excep¬
United States examine the issue of accessibility. tions for wheelchairs. The 1973
Department of A panel presented some new per¬ Rehabilitation Act clearly requires “ac¬
Agriculture spectives and ideas about where this cess” as part of the Wilderness pro¬
issue might be headed: gram and adds “handicap” to the list
Forest Service of nondiscrimination categories.
□ Ken Wotring, Coordinator of the However, it does not address the
Frank Church - River of No Return “standard level” of access in a natural
Intermountain Region
Wilderness talked about Wilderness setting. The 1990 Americans with
access and the laws that affect it. Disabilities Act (ADA) reaffirms that
Ogden, Utah
Many people believe the 1964 Wilder¬ nothing in the Wilderness Act pro¬
ness Act is discriminatory because it hibits the use of wheelchairs in
JUNE 1993 prohibits certain motorized and Wilderness.
In the front of the boat is Kyle Packer from the Cooperative Wilderness Handicap Outdoor Group (CWHOG)
with CRAT members and employees of the Salmon Forest, all learning the joy and hardships people with
disabilities have when floating the Salmon River in the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness. The
expenence gained and the observations made during the float trip should give CRAT members needed insight
Published for Forest Service employees for recommendations that will make wilderness experiences more accessible to those with physical disabilities.
and retirees by the Public Affairs
Office, Inlennouotain Region, Forest
Service, U.S. Department of
Agricniture—Federal Office Building,
324 25tb Street, Ogden, Utah 84401
Colleen Anderson, Editor
Susan McDaniel, Design and Layout
PRINTED ON RECYCLED/RECYCLABLE PAPER
Wheelchairs are to be compared to He agrees the Wilderness experience And just to prove a point, panel
hiking boots, as a means of locomo¬ should not be limited to those who members Steve DeRoche, Kyle Packer
tion. However, ADA also reaffirms are physically able and accepts people and Mary Brunig joined CRAT
that no agency is required to modify with disabilities as clients but, increas¬ members on a float trip down the
the condition of the land within a ingly, insurance carriers and lawyers Salmon. One CRAT member with a
Wilderness to facilitate such use. are asking outfitters to reduce physical disability gained courage and
Agencies are challenged to make Wilderness risks for people with new insight into her feelings about
Wilderness accessible without com¬ disabilities. having a disability.
promising its undeveloped and
primeval character. □ JoAnn Wolter, owner of Salmon The Team welcomed new members
Air Taxi and a Pilot/Instructor for 21 Garth Heaton, Ashley; Rebecca
□ Larry Blood, a local citizen confin¬ years, discussed the various types of Talbot, Bridger-Teton; Kim Soper,
ed to a wheelchair, told of shooting groups that Salmon Air Taxi takes in¬ Dixie; Linda Sorensen, Humboldt;
the biggest bucks in his hunting to the Wilderness. Groups include an Sandra Silva, Toiyabe; Larry Gillham,
history on the Salmon District’s hand¬ over-60 group, children, and Alternate Wasatch-Cache; and District Ranger
icapped hunting area. He did suggest Mobility Adventure Seekers, to name Rep. Tom Contreras from the Pine
that the Salmon Forest consider other a few. She noted that aircraft are Valley District on the Dixie. The Team
accessible areas as the current one will quite capable of handling wheelchairs said a sorrowful goodbye to Julie
be hunted out eventually. and that Salmon Air Taxi is getting King, Caribou; Liz Schuppert,
more business from people with Wasatch-Cache; District Ranger Rep.
□ Stan Potts has been a land-based disabilities. Brad Exton from the Teton Basin
outfitter for the past 36 years. He District on the Targhee; Tom Suwyn,
shared his experiences with a totally Q Steven DeRoche and Kyle Packer Dixie; Wally Larsen, Ashley; Nick
immobile, wheelchair-bound from Cooperative Wilderness Handi¬ Zufelt, Toiyabe; and Rob Hamilton,
gentleman who contacted him about cap Outdoor Group (CWHOG), or Fishlake.
participating in game animal hunts. “The Hogs” told fascinating stories
Even though Stan responded that he about their experiences and the Some issues that the Team is currently
didn’t think he had what the man was organization. Steven lost both feet as working on are: the CRAT newsletter;
looking for, the gentleman could not a child and uses artificial ones; Kyle establishing a Region 4 Multicultural
be dissuaded. Through hunting equip¬ has cerebral palsy. CWHOG was Award Evaluation Committee; clarify¬
ment modifications (such as a saddle started in 1981-1982 by a British ing the intent and expectations of ad¬
made like a miniature wheelchair), mountaineer. People in the CWHOG vocacy groups—Special Emphasis
understanding, determination, and group have a “four-wheel-drive” Program Managers and the Civil
compassion, Stan and his outfitters attitude—they are going into the Rights Action Team; and developing a
have supported this man in his game Wilderness and, if they can’t get into facilities accessibility package.
animal hunts for 17 years. it, they will go over it. Kyle related his
experiences on an 18-day river trip Many, many thanks to the Salmon
□ Jerry Myers voiced some specific down the Colorado where he was National Forest for hosting an
challenges he has as a rafting outfitter thrown from the raft by a wall of outstanding meeting. Employees ex¬
by asking the group. water in one of the biggest, ugliest tended a warm welcome; their
rapids he’d ever seen. CRAT members hospitality was endless; and they
lived the experience as Kyle vividly somehow even managed to stop traffic
%
described the harrowing adventure, every time a CRAT member crossed
noting that being under the boat was the street!
ow do we con¬ not a good place to be in rapids. And
this was only day 7—he had another Brenda Breslin-Hancock
tinue to operate as 11 to go! National Interagency Fire Center ^
safe, legitimate out¬ □ Mary Brunig told about a non¬
profit organization in Minnesota call¬
fitters, bring more ed Wilderness Inquiry that provides
experiential outdoor experiences for
diverse people into both people with disabilities and the
able-bodied. In the video she showed,
our service, and keep one physically disabled adventurer
describes her experience as a “journey
a high standard of of the heart” that helped her realize
the things she could still do.
care?^^
What an enlightening panel this was!
Page 2 REGIONAL
(continued from page 20)
The Forest Service sponsored an evening resting point for many travelers, al¬ oxen—they are too slow. Big, beautiful
program on the Qoodate Cutoff at the though in 1861, Indians killed a family draft horses pull the Forest Service wagon.
June 30 stop at Bancroft. there. A father, mother and their fwe Each official wagon in the train had to be
children were buried in their wagon constructed to certain specifications.
Oregon Trail travelers ISO years ago box because the group who discovered
were enthralled by the hundreds of them had no lumber for a coffin. A Each night, as the wagon train beds
springs bubbling up in Caribou Coun¬ headstone telling of the incident can down, a big green bus bearing a large
ty. The spring most often mentioned in be found in the Fairview Cemetery. sign that says . . . USDA Forest Service
journals was Steamboat Spring. There, celebrates the Oregon Trail. . . picks up
a geyser shot about 3 to 4 feet into the Yet, in the early years, Shoshones were the Forest Service travelers and takes them
air. It "was accompanied by a subter¬ friendly and good to the emigrants, back to their ears at the days starting
ranean noise and the water had a said Ellen Carney, a local historian and point.
pungent, disagreeable metallic taste," author. She believes they became more
wrote John C. Fremont in his journal. desperate in later years because their In all, 27 stops will be made in Idaho
This and other springs on the west food, buffalo and plants, disappeared and at every stop there are festivities,
edge of Soda Springs were flooded as more emigrants traveled westward. socials, demonstrations and food. ^
when Alexander Reservoir was built.
All the wagons in the commemorative
(Some information was taken from Dianna Troyer’s ar¬
Soda Springs was generally a welcome train are drawn by horses or mules, not ticle in the April 13 issue of the Idaho State Journal.)
Regional Forester’s Message
T
he lakes are full, riparian areas fuel buildup and potential risks to
are green, and the drought has private property and forested lands,
diminished—what a welcome we simply cannot allow fire to burn at
change! It’s a real relief to have will, or without some form of pre¬
emerged from the severe fire sit¬ treatment where the situation requires
uation we have experienced for the it. Even well managed prescribed fires
past 6 or 7 years. You folks did a can have negative social, economic
tremendous job protecting public and and health consequences due to
private resources during this trying smoke and other hazards.
period.
It’s anticipated that the 1993 fire
Despite the apparent lush, green ap¬ season will be “calmer” than that of
pearance of our National Forests, all recent years, which will give us an op¬ challenge in the Intermountain
is not well. Dead and dying trees are portunity to spend more time and re¬ Region. Let’s do it!
commonplace, a situation created by sources on identifying the desired role
the extended drought, stagnation, and of fire in forest health and ecosystem At the same time, we must maintain
insect and disease infestations. Fuel management. Our Forest Plans, im¬ our strong fire suppression capability.
accumulations are building at a rapid plementation documents and project We must be prepared to effectively
rate in many forest stands. The activities need to reflect this changing fight wildfires within our Region and
absence of fire in fire-prone emphasis for more ecologically sound elsewhere and to find ways to do that
ecosystems is largely responsible for land management. Our publics need with a “lighter” impact on the land.
these conditions and the situation will to understand this as well.
get even worse as timber harvests
decline. The benefits of healthy forest
ecosystems are many and well worth
A solution is both elusive and the effort. We have the personnel and
challenging. Because of the current skills to move forward with this
REGIONAL Page 3
T
Eastern Great Basin Coordination Center
here is a new interagency fire centers in the Great Basin. The Now, 3 years after the decision was
coordination center in Salt Bureau of Land Management Fire made, EGBCC is functional. It will
Lake City, in fact its opening Management Efficiencies Steering provide resource coordination for 19
celebration was on June 18. Committee Report (draft) recom¬ dispatch centers within the Great
How did the consolidation of mended additional measures for fine Basin and coordinate with WGBCC
fire coordination activities come tuning the coordination centers. and the National Interagency Fire
about? Coordination Center in Boise, Idaho.
In 1990, fire agencies met and This “one-stop-shopping” concept
The history of wildland fire coordina¬ organized the Great Basin Coordina¬ will greatly increase resource manage¬
tion in the United States has been a tion Group. All parties involved ment efficiency and overall emergency
progressive one. It began with each agreed that two area coordination response effectiveness within the
wildland fire agency handling its own centers (ACC) would be needed to eastern Great Basin.
“piece of the pie” but, as budgets support wildfire suppression activities
grew tighter and the complexities of for all federal and state wildland fire EGBCC was modeled after the suc¬
fires increased, it became difficult for protection agencies in the Great cessful Northwest Coordination
each to stand alone. Individual fire Basin—the existing Western Great Center in Portland, Oregon. Funding
suppression organizations joined Basin Coordination Center (WGBCC) was based on the historical workload,
forces to increase efficiency and in Reno, Nevada, and a new Eastern land ownership percentages and future
decrease costs. Dispatch centers also Great Basin Coordination Center requirements. The Center’s 10 regular
combined duties and responsibilities. (EGBCC) in Salt Lake City, Utah. positions are staffed by the Bureau of
EGBCC will service southern Idaho, Land Management, Forest Service,
The first study for improving in¬ Utah and southwestern Wyoming. The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the
teragency dispatching was the Na¬ Center replaced agency-specific co¬ State of Utah. The capability is there
tional Interagency Coordination ordination centers previously located for a 24-hour operation. The Center
Center Study in 1986 which recom¬ in Salt Lake City, Ogden and Boise. is administratively supported by the
mended consolidation of the dispatch Utah State Office. ^
CONTRIBUTION BENEFITS RIPARIAN AREAS. . .
The Northeast Nevada Trout Unlimited donated $3,200 to the Mountain City
Ranger District, Humboldt National Forest, for fisheries habitat improvement
projects within the Bruneau River watershed. The money will help fund water
developments to draw livestock and big game out of sensitive riparian areas,
fence removal projects to improve fishermen access and riparian vegetation
plantings.
CARING FOR A TRAIL_
The Boise National Forest sponsored an Adopt-A-Trail Training Day on June 5
to keep the program strong on the Forest and to celebrate National Trails Day
and the 25th anniversary of the National Trails System Act. Users of the Boise
Forest were invited for instruction on trail maintenance, minimizing resource
damage and adopting a trail. According to the President’s Commission on
Americans Outdoors, about 155 million people in the United States walk for
A pleasure, 41 million hike on trails and 10 million ride horses on trails.
AN INVITATION TO HISTORY AND HERITAGE. . . .
Come to the Governor’s Conference on History and Heritage and learn how ex¬
citing Utah’s history can be. The Conference that will be held in the Salt Lake
City Red Lion Hotel will offer sessions, workshops, a keynote address, exhibits,
activities and opportunities on the how-to of doing history and heritage-related
programs and projects. The conference will begin with a reception on Thursday
evening, October 28, and continue through Saturday, October 30. Costs will be
minimal and credit for teachers will be available. For more information about
the conference and early registration discounts, please call 533-3500.
Page 4 REGIONAL
The Need to Know More
A
About Anadromous Fish
crew of four researchers moves Researchers hope videography will be Fish Habitats, was suggested by a
carefully along the banks of a an effective tool in presenting com¬ Regional Steering Team who had noted
riparian stream in the Salmon plicated information to policymakers an increased interest in anadromous
River Drainage. At certain in an understandable form, said Kerry fish populations, said Keith Evans,
predetermined points, they Overton, Technology Transfer Special¬ Assistant Station Director for the In¬
stop and measure stream width, depth ist and Fisheries Biologist at the Boise termountain Research Station. The
and bank stability. Lab. “A picture is worth a thousand project was split from the riparian unit
words!’ where anadromous fish study had
The process can be seen clearly taken place in the past.
through the focused lens of a video If managers can see what a scientist is
camera which is recording many scenes trying to explain, it will be easier to set At the time the project was established
of trampled banks that are caving in policy that is scientifically sound, he in October 1991, there was almost no
and streambanks that lack vegetation. said. scientific data available on certain fish
species and their habitats. One reason
On a different stream of the Drainage, Videography of riparian streams is just for that is that an anadromous fish
another crew goes through the same one of many projects being conducted travels through different habitat
process, only this time, the camera is by fisheries researchers at the Boise ecosystems during its lifespan and this
recording pictures of a waterway that Lab. All are aimed at providing infor¬ migration makes compiling data time
has profuse vegetation along what ap¬ mation and techniques for protecting, consuming and difficult. Recent
pear to be very stable banks. maintaining and restoring fish popula¬ technological advances, including
tions and critical habitats in the Inter¬ satellite tracking, have made fish in¬
These research crews from the Forestry mountain West. creasingly accessible for study.
Sciences Lab in Boise, Idaho, are using
videography, a relatively new process The overall project, called Enhancing Researchers are using other methods
for collecting informa¬ of discovering more
tion, to study about anadromous
anadromous fish and fish. For example,
their habitats. - - snorklers count fish
Videography is a new process for collecting information about salmon habitat. (Photo was taken by and/or tag them with
The purpose of the Jane Schmidt, Carson Ranger District, Toiyabe National Forest.) radio transmitters that
study is to compare emit a tracking signal.
managed, mostly graz¬ Freeze-core sampling
ed, riparian streams of spawning habitats
with natural, unim¬ also is being done to
pacted wilderness determine ecological
streams. Through this makeup.
process, researchers
compile a stream On May 22, 1992,
channel profile, which when the chinook and
scientifically describes sockeye salmon were
the stream using fac¬ listed under the En¬
tors such as bank dangered Species Act,
stability and width-to- it confirmed the need
depth ratio. for more scientific in¬
formation about these
species.
Becky Jensen
(Formerly a Temporary
Employee in the Regional
Public Affairs Office)
RESEARCH
0 N R K
On the TOMORROW’S LEADERS—State and
Post-War
Private Forestry and Public Affairs in the
Washington Office are working with a
National
steering committee of youth involved in Development and
planning and presenting America’s first
Scene H
National Youth Environmental Summit.
Conceived, planned and presented by the the Forest Service
youth, with support from adult partners,
the Summit will be the first tree-focused
NEW ASSISTANT SECRETARY—
gathering of the Nation’s young en¬ istorians looking at the sweep
James Lyons has been sworn in as Assis¬
vironmentalists. It will be held in Cincin¬ of Forest Service history from
tant Secretary of Agriculture for Natural
nati, Ohio, July 16 to 18. The youth its genesis in 1876 to the pres¬
Resources and Environment. He will
direct the policies and supervise the ac¬ steering committee are ages 11 to 18. ent are beginning to trace pat¬
tivities of the Forest Service and the Soil Delta Airlines is providing some free air¬ terns of events that mark unique periods
fare for the kids attending. When book¬
Conservation Service. Since 1991, Lyons in the agency. To capture the essence of
ing a flight, mention the summit and
has served as a Staff Assistant with the different stages in the evolution of the
code E.1089.
House Committee of Agriculture where Forest Service, the qualitative features of
he was responsible for the policy and each stage are depicted by the label given
WILDLIFE RECREATION STILL
legislative activities affecting forestry and
that era; i.e., the Forest Service shift
POPULAR—The eighth national survey
natural resources, conservation, en¬
of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from its custodial phase (pre-World War
vironmental issues, pesticides and food
shows the following for 1991: II) to its development stage (1945-1959).
safety. From 1989 to 1991, Lyons was the
A more sophisticated classification of
Agricultural Advisor to US. Represent¬
■ 1/2 of all adults participated in Forest Service stages
ative Leon Panetta (California). Lyons
also served as Staff Director for the fishing, hunting or birdwatching. was developed by
Agriculture Committee’s Subcommittee ■ more than 98 million people (over age Jerry Williams in
16) in the Nation engaged in some recrea¬
on Forests, Family Farms and Energy and 1991. Current de¬
tional activity involving fish and wildlife
as Director of Resource Policy for the bate, within and
resources, putting $59.5 billion into the
Society of American Foresters. He receiv¬ outside the agency,
national economy.
ed a B.S. wit High Honors from Cook regarding the future
■ 35 million anglers (over age 16) fished
College, Rutgers University, in 1977, and
direction of resource
14.5 days and spent $700 on trip-related
a M.S. in forestry from Yale University in
costs and equipment. The total expen¬ management in the
1979.
diture was $24.5 billion. Forest Service is bas¬
■ over 14 million (over age 16) hunted. ed on the dual
DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT
Participants in special method hunts: model of land
SCENARIO—Rocky Mountain Regional
Forester Elizabeth Estill said she is taking archery - 2.7 million; muzzleloader - 1.4 stewardship versus
every opportunity to formally examine million; handgun - 1.1. million. Hunters commodity
spent an average of 17 days and $900.
different management scenarios. When production.
The total expenditure was $12.6
Gary Heath recently retired as Forest
billion—43 percent on equipment, 13 per¬
Supervisor of the Medicine Bow National While the debate
cent on food, 10 percent on transporta¬
Forest, Estill appointed Jerry Schmidt, over use or preserva¬
tion, 20 percent on miscellaneous and 2
already serving as Forest Supervisor of
tion of natural re¬
percent on lodging.
the Routt National Forest, to also serve
sources is an old
temporarily as Forest Supervisor of the
More than 76 million adults participated one, it didn’t be¬
Medicine Bow. This is not a consolida¬
in nonconsumptive wildlife-related ac¬ come a national
tion of the two Forests but a 6-month
tivities, including feeding, observing and issue in the United
trial with Schmidt travelling between
both Forests and maintaining an office at photographing wildlife. Wildlife recrea¬ States until the
each site. At the end of the 6 months, the tion provides a major boost to local and origin of the conser¬
rural economies.
effort will be evaluated to assess its vation movement
possibilities for reducing redundancies (1890 to 1920), the
KICKOFF OF SMOKEY BEAR’S 50TH
and streamlineing operations for more ef¬ period of origin for
CELEBRATION—The Southwestern
ficiency and consistency in serving the the National Forests
Region has the privilege of hosting the
people, caring for the land and im¬
and the Forest Serv¬
kickoff event to celebrate Smokey’s 50th
plementing ecosystem management.
birthday. It will be at the Albuquerque ice. The second wave
International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta on of action for natural
The Rocky Mountain Regional Office is
October 2. In the past, this event has at¬ resource protection
moving across the street from its present
tracted visitors and participants from took place during
headquarters. The Public Affairs Staff is
combining with the Recreation Staff and around the world and received much na¬ the Great Depres¬
will be called the “Recreation and Public tional and international media attention. sion when President
Service Team!’ You are invited to attend. ^ Franklin Roosevelt
Page 6 NATIONAL
put people to work in the Civilian Conservation Corps. The timber on private lands in the 1950’s further reinforced the
third resurgence of public environmental concern began in the political economy of increased harvests on federal lands then
1960’s and continues to spread across the Nation. The public’s and into the future.
revived environmental concerns reacted to the “costs” of post¬
war development on the environment. Rachel Carson’s book, Examined in retrospect, today’s turmoil for the Forest Service
“Silent Spring” (1962), raised awareness of the unintended con¬ emerged in the decades immediately after World War II when
sequences of human activities (in this case, unwise use of the forces of population pressure (the national census in 1940
pesticides) on the natural world. Later, the hippies’ anti¬ was 132 million, growing to 203 million by 1970), commodity
consumerism, back-to-nature philosophy added momentum to demand in an expanding economy, and increased recreational
the growing shift in social values from “more is better” to “take use of public lands all coincided and led to conflict among
care of Mother Earth!’ Memberships increased in traditional en¬ users of the National Forests. Tension increased between
vironmental organizations, such as the Sierra Club and hunters and ranchers over deer and other game competing
Wilderness Society, and newer, more radical ones were formed, with cattle for forage on public grazing lands. The issue of
such as Earth First. mining claims on public lands was addressed in a multiple-
use mining law in 1955; but the real fight began over
Because the Forest Service had shifted to large timber sales in Wilderness. Former allies of the Forest Service became fearful
the preceding decades, it became a target for these environmen¬ of the agency backsliding by declassifying already designated
tal organizations. “As late as the beginning of World War II areas (Wolf 1990).
(1941), less than 2 percent of the Nation’s wood was derived
from Forest Service timber sales” (Steen 1983:247). By deciding The post-war period saw not only an increase in commodity
to allow large volume timber sales on National Forests, production (grazing, mining, and logging), but an increased
especially in the Pacific Northwest, the agency set in motion a affluence which fostered greatly increased recreational use of
series of related events: forestry schools started training the National Forest System. Concerned that the Forest Service
thousands of new foresters as was tilting away from balanced uses and toward serving
a supply source for the ex¬ timber industry needs first, hikers and others began to lobby
panded workforce of the for safeguards for existing “Wilderness Areas!’ Senator
Forest Service; and an exten¬ Hubert Humphrey introduced a “study bill” in 1956 regard¬
sive network of roads was ing a Wilderness Society proposal for Wilderness allocations
constructed to open the Na¬ on the National Forests. The Forest Service countered with
tional Forests to develop¬ the 1960 Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act to prevent any
ment, many of them replac¬ single-use lockup of the resource base.
ing old trails. “During the
1950’s, annual timber Mobilized Wilderness advocates reacted to this strategy by
harvests almost tripled, going seeking passage of, what became in 1964, a Wilderness Act.
from about 3 billion board The natural resource base was shrinking through the conflict¬
feet in 1950 to almost 9 ing demands of an increasing number of users, and the agen¬
billion at the end of the cy was less able to appease warring factions by granting them
decade” (Roth and Harmon all exclusive pieces of the pie. Wilderness was not compatible
1989). with timber harvesting and increasingly the remaining old-
growth timber was found in roadless areas and environmen¬
The move to large volume tally sensitive zones such as the higher elevation watersheds.
timber sales on National
Forests did not happen in a A new stage of Forest Service history began quietly at the end
vacuum. It is important to of the 1960’s when President Richard Nixon signed the Na¬
focus on the wider national tional Environmental Policy Act on the first day of January
context in which the agency 1970. An agency shift away from development and back
operated. As veterans return¬ toward stewardship was beginning. The final installment of
ed after the war, a baby this story will be told in the next mini-history. ^
boom took place (60 million
births from 1946 to 1964). (This mini-history was written by the History Unit of the Washington Office.)
The GI Bill and its low-
interest loans led to massive
housing starts that fueled a References Cited:
period of economic growth Roth, Dennis and Frank Harmon 1989. ‘‘The Forest Service in the Environmental
Era.” Unpublished manuscript on file in the History Unit, USDA Forest Service.
and suburbanization of the
Washington, DC.
Nation. Other Federal agen¬
Steen, Harold K. 1983. “Forest Service!’ Encyclopedia of American Forests and
cies answered this call for Conservation History, pp. 243-252. Richard C. Davis, editor. Volume One. New
goods as well. The Bureau of York: MacMillan Publishing Company.
Land Management was form¬ Williams, Jerry 1991. “SigniFicant USDA—Forest Service Events by Time Period!’
Umpqua National Forest. Region 6. USDA Forest Service.
ed in 1946 from a merger of
the General Land Office and Wolf, Robert E. 1990. “The Concept of Multiple Use: The Evolution of the Idea
Within the Forest Service and the Enactment of the Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield
the Grazing Service. The Act of I960!’ Unpublished manuscript prepared for U.S. Congress, Office of
rapid depletion of old growth Technology Assessment.
NATIONAL Page 7
F Ice was Nice . . . for the Fish
or the third year in a row, kids The “Big Fish” winner was Jordan
had a fun time at the Ice McComas, age 9, with a 1.7-pound,
WUliams Lake is presentty the
Fishing Derby at Williams 16.7-inch rainbow trout. His prize was
object of a yearlong restora¬
Lake. The fishing was great— an 81/2-foot Golden Eagle graphite
but the catching was slow for spinning rod with a Shimano FX300 tion study funded by the
the 59 contestants who participated reel. His catch will be entered in the Idaho Division of Environ¬
on February 27. Forty-four of the national big fish contest which offers
mental Quality, the Environ¬
young anglers also accepted the as its first-place prize four round-trip
challenge of the Casting Contest tickets to anywhere in the United mental Protection Agency and
which requires keen eyes, nerves of States on American Airlines. the Forest Service, with con¬
steel and a deft wrist action. tributions from the Wiiliams
Garrett Lanser, age 5, reeled in the
Lake Homeowners Association
Kids from 1 to 16 years old won “Smallest Fish” a 1.1-pound rainbow
fishing rods, reels, tackle boxes, trout, which won him a Shimano and the Idaho State Depart¬
flashlights, outdoor equipment and FX300 spinning reel. Garrett also ment of Fish and Game.
toys. Each year, prizes get bigger and landed the only other fish caught dur¬
better through generous contributions ing the Derby—a 1.4-pound rainbow
There is no above-ground
from Salmon businesses; the River of trout. Most of the remaining prizes
No Return—Salmon Chapter of Trout were awarded through a name draw¬ outlet from Williams Lake.
Unlimited; Payless Drugs in Rexburg, ing, so everyone had a chance to win. Nutrients or sediment enter¬
Wal-Mart in Idaho Falls, and local in¬
ing the Lake from upstream
dividuals who are eager to promote Last December, the Idaho Department
sources or the surrounding
this annual event for kids in the of Fish and Game planted 500 five- to
Salmon area. eight-pound rainbow trout in Williams watershed cannot be washed
Lake. These fish were retired brood downstream. Excessive plant
stock from the national fish hatchery
Jordan McComas (age 9) is the BIG FISH winner at and algae growth occurs dur^
the Williams Lake Kids’ Ice Fishing Derby, Salmon in Ennis, Montana. The 10 wearing
National Forest, February 1993. jaw tags were targets for a lottery the ing the summer because of
day of the Derby. Presold tickets were the high concentration of
a hot item and excitement was high;
available nutrients. This con¬
but it was all for naught. None of the
dition is referred to as ‘'ac¬
tagged fish were caught the day of the
Derby, so lottery proceeds were celerated eutrophication." The
donated to the River of No Return— purpose of the current study
Salmon Chapter of Trout Unlimited.
is twofotd^to determine if the
Aaron Hoffman had better luck at
level of plant and algae
last year’s Derby. He landed a
5-pound, 8-ounce rainbow trout (one growth in the Lake is higher
of the brood stock from the Ennis than would be expected under
hatchery that had been tagged and
natural conditions and to
planted that year). He went on to win
the Idaho State Big Fish Contest and identify alt sources of nutrient
a $100 savings bond from Hooked on input.
Fishing International.
Management alternatives
The Kids’ Ice Fishing Derby is spon¬
sored by the Salmon Ranger District, resulting from this study will
the Idaho Department of Fish and enable the various agencies
Game, the Salmon Valley Chamber of
and pti^e landowners con¬
Commerce, the River of No Return—
cerned about water quality In
Salmon Chapter of Trout Unlimited
and Hooked on Fishing International. Williams Lake to ensure that
the Lake provides enjoyment
Lois Hill
for years to come to those
Fisheries Biologist
Salmon Ranger District who fish, no matter how old
Salmon National Forest ^ or how young they may be.
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