Interferons Part A

687 Pages·1981·12.773 MB·English

by  Sidney Pestka (Eds.)

Contributors to Volume 78
Article numbers are in parentheses following the names of contributors.
Affiliations listed are current.
mann Medical College, Philadelphia,
JOHN A. GNORTSMRA (55), Department of
Pennsylvania 20191
Microbiology, Graduate School of Public
HSALIAK C. CHADnA (31, 80), Department
Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts-
of Cell and Tumor Biology, Roswell Park
burgh, Pennsylvania 16251
Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
LEUMAS NORAB (l, 49, 50, 60), Department 36241
of Microbiology, The University of Texas ARINUOM K. CHELBI:ALIX (82), lnstitut de
Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 05577 Biologie PhysicoChimique , ER 832
CNRS-u. 542 INSERM, 75005 Paris.
KURT BERG (70), Institute of Medical Mi-
France
crobiology, Bartholin Building, Univer-
sity of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Den- NERUAL OLLETSOC (11), Roche Institute of
mark Molecular Biology, Nutley, New .lersey
01170
ALFONS BILL1AU (13, 65), Rega Institute,
G. COUPIN (23), Laboratoire ed Virologie et
Faculty of Medicine, University of Leu-
Microbiologie G~ndrale, UER des Sci-
ven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
ences Pharmaceutiques, Universit~ Louis
DRAHREG ODOB (9), Ernst-Boehringer-lnsti- Pasteur, 84076 Strasbourg Cedex, France
tur for Arzneimittelforschung, .rD ERli¢ DE QCREEC (32, 40), Department o/
Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-II21 Vienna, Human Biology, Division of Microbio-
Austria logy, Rega Institute for Medical Re-
ERNEST BOLLIN, JR. (24), Photo Products search, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
Department, E. I. ud Pont de Nemours 0003-B Leuven, Belgium
and Company, Inc., Wilmington, Dela- ENIEEUQAJ DE DRANGIUG-REYEAM (73),
ware 89891 Institut Curie-Biologie, Campus d'Orsay,
Batiment 110, ,51 Rue Georges Clemen-
YRAM C. BREINIG (16), Department of Mi-
crobiology, Graduate School of Public ceau, 50419 Orsay, France
Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- ODNANIDREF DIANZANI (21, 51, 60), De-
burgh, Pennsylvania 16251 partment of Microbiology, The University
of Turin, Turin, Italy
R. BROEZE (18), Department of Molecular
Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Uni- LoIs B. EPSTEIN (19, 20), Cancer Research
versity. New Haven, Connecticut 11560 Institute, and Department of Pediatrics,
University of California, San Francisco,
YRAG R. BURLESON (35), Department of
Microbiology, University of Notre Dame, California 34149
South Bend, Indiana 65564 OTSENRE FALCOFF (78), Institut Curie,
F. E. LLEBPMAC (42), Laboratory of Chemi- Section ed Biologie, 13257 Paris Cedex ,50
cal Biology, National Institute of France
Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and PHILIP C. FAMILLETTI (5, 6, ,11 43, 56), -eD
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of partment of Molecular Genetics. Hoff-
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 50202 mann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey
KARl CANTELL (4, 41, 71), Central Public 01170
Health Laboratory, SF-00280 Helsinki ,82 B. REINNOCUAF (23), Laboratoire ed Bac-
Finland t(riologie et Virologie, UER ed M(de-
WILUAM A. CARTER (7, 81), Clinical Re- cine et de Pharmacie, Universit( ed
search and Oncology, Orlowitz Institute Rennes, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hahne- NAMRON B. F1NTER (2, 57), Virology Re-
xiii
xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 87
search and Development Department, biology. Bartholin Building, University of
Wellcome Research Laboratories, Lang- Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
ley Court, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, TREBOR D. GRERHSREH (6), Process Devel-
England
opment, Genentech Incorporated, South
HEINZ-JORGEN FR1ESEN (63), Research San Francisco, California 08049
Laboratories of Behringwerke AG, D-
SINIKKA HIRVONEN (4, 41, 71), Central
3550 Marburg/Lahn, Federal Republic of
"cilbuP Health Laboratory, SF-00280 Hel-
Germany
sinki ,82 Finland
J. FUJISAWA (74), Institute for Virus Re- OTNOM HO (16), Department of Microbi-
search, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606, ology, Graduate School of Public Health,
Japan
and Division of lnfectious Diseases, De-
ANGEL S. VOBALAG (28), Department of -iV partment of Medicine, School of Medi-
rology, Institute of Infectious and Para- cine, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts-
sitic Diseases, Medical Academy, Sofia- burgh, Pennsylvania 16251
,7251 Bulgaria
ANNOD S. SHBOH (68, 72), Department of
YZREJ A. SEDAIGROEG (21, 75, 77), Immuno Biochemistry, Roche Institute of Molecu-
Modulators Laboratories, Ltd., Stafford, lar Biology, Nutley, New Jersey 01170
Texas 77477 JULIUS S. ZCIWEZSOROH (12), Department
EGROEG E. GIFFORD (27), Immunology and of Biological Resources, Roswell Park
Medical Microbiology, University of -rolF Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York
adi College of Medicine, Gainesville, 36241
Florida 01623 OKIHASAM IIZUKA (59), Basic Research
DIVAD J. NOR1G (58), Department of Micro- Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc.,
biology and Immunology, Wright State ,1 111, Tebiro, Kamakura, 842 Japan
University, School of Medicine, Dayton, D. ILLINGER (23), Laboratoire de Virologie
Ohio 53454 et Microbiologie ,elarOndG UER des Sci-
HSEKAR M. AHROOG (44), Division of -loriV ences Pharmaceutiques, Universit~ Louis
ogy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospi- Pasteur, 84076 Strasbourg Cedex, France
tal, Memphis, Tennessee 10183 Y. aRUZ~AWI (74), Institute for Virus Re-
PETER M. GROB (80), Department of Bio- search, Kyoto University~ Kyoto 606,
chemical Sciences, Princeton University, Japan
Princeton, New Jersey 44580 AlCIRTAP NOSEMAJ (35, 36, 45, 52, 83), De-
SIDNEY g. GREBSSORG (35, 36, 39, 45, 52, partment of Microbiology, ehT Medical
53, 83), Department of Microbiology, The College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis-
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwau- consin 62235
kee, Wisconsin 62235 B. JAYAgAM (18), Department of Molecular
EILEEN G. ARO1CSUG (6), Central Research Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Uni-
Division, Hoffman-La Roche Inc., Nut- versity, New Haven, Connecticut 11560
Icy, New Jersey 01170 KCIREDERF H. JOHNSON,JR.(7), HEM Re-
SALOHCIN HAHON (54), Public Health Ser- search, Rockville, Maryland 25802
vice, Appalachian Laboratory for Occu- DRAWOH M. NOSNHOJ (21, 75, 77), Depart-
pational Safety and Health, and Depart- ment of Microbiology, The University of
ment of Pediatrics, West Virginia Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
University School of Medicine, Morgan- 05577
town, West Virginia 50562 LEAHCIM D. NOTSNHOJ (57), Wellcome Re-
K. J. W. HEINE (65), Abbott Laboratories, search Laboratories, Langley Court,
North Chicago, Illinois 46006 Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, England
REVI NOREH (70), Institute of Medical Micro- GNAGFLOW K. JOKLIK (79), Department of
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 78 XV
Microbiology and Immunology, Duke NERRAW P. LEVY (68), Unigene Laborator-
University Medical Center, Durham, ies, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 01170
North Carolina 01772 LEO S. LIN (69), Cetus Corporation, Berke-
ATREBOR M. KAMIN (20), Department of ley, California 01749
Neurology, University of California, San JEAN LINDENMANN (25), Institute for Im-
Francisco, California 34149 munology and Virology, University ~f
HANNA-LEENA KAUPP1NEN (4), Finnish Zurich, POB, CH-8028 Zurich, Switzer-
Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, land
0130O-FS Helsinki ,13 Finland R. E. LLOYD (50), Department of Micro-
Y. KAWADE (17, 74), Institute for Virus biology, ehT University of Texas Medical
Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Branch, Galveston, Texas 05577
Japan NOBUTOSm MAEHARA (37), The Kitasato
LORAC KENNY (64), Lovelace Medical Cen- Institute, Tokyo 108, Japan
ter, Albuquerque, New Mexico 80178 HPESOJ F. METZGER (48), Pathology Divi-
KCIREDERF KLEIN (10), National Cancer sion, United States Army Medical Re-
Institute, Frederick Cancer Research search Institute of Infectious Diseases,
Center, Frederick, Maryland 10712 Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 10712
TSENRE KNIGHT, JR. (61), Central Research TREBOR S. MILLER (5), New York Blood
and Development Department, E. I. ud Center, New York, New York 12001
Pont ed Nemours and Company, Inc., MOLAHSVA MIZRAHI (8, 29), Department of
Wilmington, Delaware 89891 Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biolog-
USAYEGIS IHSAYABOK (59), Basic Research ical Research. Ness Ziona .05407 Israel
Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., JOAN M. MOEHRING (26), Department of
.1 111, Tebiro, Kamakura, 842 Japan Medical Microbiology, The University of
VESA KOISTINEN (71), Finnish Red Cross Vermont, College of Medicine, Burling-
Blood Transfusion Service, 0130O-FS Hel- tolt, Vermont 50450
sinki ,13 Finland PAGE S. NAHAROM (35), Medical College of
LEAHCIM J. KRAMER (39), Department of Virginia, ehT Virginia Commonwealth
lmmunotherapy Hoffmann-La Roche University, Richmond, Virginia 91232
Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 01170
NHOJ A. AREHCSOM (64, 68), The Biopolymer
HSIANG-FU KUNG (72), Department of Mo- Department, Central Research Division,
lecular Genetics, Hoffmann-La Roche Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutlev New
Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 01170 Jersey 170 I0
NVERAM P. DROEGNAL (49, 50, 51), Depart- LEE W. MOZES (15), Papanicolaou Cancer
ment of Microbiology, The University of Research Institute, Miami, Florida 10133
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
GUNNAR MYLLYL'~ (4), Finnish Red Cross
05577
Blood Transfusion Service, 0130O-FS Hel-
P. LEVGNEL (18), Department of Molecular
sinki ,13 Finland
Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Uni-
YASUITt NAGANO (37), National Sagami-
versity, New Haven, Connecticut 11560
hura Hospital. Sagamihara 228, Japan
NASUS S. LEONG (12), Department of Bio-
logical Resources, Roswell Park Memo- JUDITH A. O'MALEEY (29, 76), Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Virol-
rial Institute, Buffalo, New York 36241
ogy Section, Roswell Park Memorial In-
NOTLIH B. LEVY (34), National Institute of
stitute, Buffalo, New York 36241
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MARK A. I-ICSNALEAP (46), Biophysics Lab-
50202 oratoo, of the Graduate School, and -eD
xvi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 78
partment of Biochemistry, University of LIHEOEHT STAEHELIN (72), Pharma Re-
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin search Division, Hoffmann-La Roche and
60735 Company, Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzer-
YENDIS AKTSEP (1, 3, 5, 6, ,11 56, 63, 67, 68, land
72), Department of Biochemistry, Roche G. JOHN NOTNATS (49, 50, 51), Department
Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, of Microbiology, ehT University of Texas
New Jersey 01170 Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 05577
ALUAP M. PITHA (33), The Johns Hopkins YELNATS STEIN (63, 64), Roche Institute of
Oncology Center, Biochemical Virology Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey
Laboratory, Baltimore, Maryland 50212 01170
P. NORDNIOP (23), Laboratoire de Virologie WILLIAM E. STEWART II (69), Interferon
Laboratories, Memorial Sloan-Kettering
et Microbiologie Gdndrale, UER des Sci-
Cancer Center, New York, New York
ences Pharmaceutiques, Universit~ Louis
12001
Pasteur, 84076 Strasbourg Cedex, France
NERRAW R. STINEBRING (26), Department
TREBOR T. STTEKCIR (10), National Cancer
of Medical Microbiology, The University
Institute, Frederick Cancer Research
of Vermont, College of Medicine, Bur-
Center, Frederick, Maryland 10712
lington, Vermont 50450
AIHTNYC A. ROSE (6, 11), Department of
DALE A. WOLLEFGNIRTS (38), Cancer and
Molecular Genetics, Hoffmann-La Roche
Virus Research, The Upjohn Company,
Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 01170
Kalamazoo, Michigan 10094
MEHCANEM RUBINSTEIN (67), The Weiz- OR1J SUZUKI (59), Basic Research Labora-
mann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Is-
tories, Toray Industries, Inc., ,1 111, -eT
lear
biro, Kamakura, 842 Japan
ARAS NIETSNIBUR (5, 6, 56), Department of H. TAmA (18), Department of Pure and Ap-
Biochemistry, Roche Institute of Molecu- plied Science, University of Tokyo, 1-8-3
lar Biology, Nutley, New Jersey 01170 Komaba, Jeguro-ku, Tokyo ,351 Japan
DNALOR R. RUECKERT (46), Biophysics Y. H. NAT (14, 62), Division of Medical Bio-
Laboratory of the Graduate School, and chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Univer-
Department of Biochemistry, University sity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison. Wiscon- 4NI, Canada
nis 60735
YRREJ L. ROLYAT (39), Department of -iM
J. JAMES SEDMAK (53, 83), Department of crobiology, The Medical College of -siW
Microbiology, ehT Medical College of consin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 62235
Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 62235 M. N. THANG (82), Institut de Biologie,
E. YRETTALS (18), Department of Biologi- PhysicoChimique, ER 832 CNRS - U 542
cal Chemistry, Washington University INSERM, 50057 Puris, France
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri PAUL F. ECNERROT (40, 47), National Insti-
01136 tute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive, and
DLAREG DLEFNENNOS (22), Department of Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of
Microbiology and Immunology, Univer- Health, Bethesda, Maryland 50202
sity of Louisville School of Medicine, J. NAV EMMAD (13), Rega Institute, Faculty
Louisville, Kentucky 29204 of Medicine, University of Leaven, B-
0003 Leuven, Belgium
DRANOEL SPERO (48), Pathology Division,
United States Army Medical Research JAN VILCEK (15, 30), Department of Micro-
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort biology, New York University Medical
Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 10712 Center, New York, New York 61001
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 78 xvii
ALAN A. NAMDLAW (5), Greater New York S. ARAHENOY (74), Tokyo Metropolitan In-
Blood Program, New York Blood Center, stitute of Medical Science, Bunkyo-kn,
New York, New York 12001 Tokyo 113, Japan
D. A. TNEGI~IW (49, 50), Department of Mi- PETER A. YOUNG (57), Wellcome Research
crobiology, The University of Texas Med- Laboratories. Langley ('oart. Beckeu-
ical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550 ham, Kent BR3 3BS, England
JUANA WIETZF.RBIN (78), lnstitut Curie. TREBOR E. ZIEGLER (79), Department ~f
Section de Biologie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, Medicine, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis.
France Missouri 63110
Y. OTOMAMAY (17, 74), Institute Jot Virus KaTHRVN C. ZOON (42, 66), Bureau of Bio-
Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, logics, Division of Biochemistry and Bio-
Japan physics, Federal Drug Administration,
Y. K. YP (30), Department of Microbiol- Bethesda. Maryland 20205
ogy, New York University Medical Cen-
ter, New York, New York 10016
Preface
Progress in interferon research, as in other areas, has reflected ad-
vances in the development of new biological and chemical technologies.
The methods described in Volumes 78 and 79 of "Interferons" reflect
these achievements. By the early 1970s, basic studies on interferon induc-
tion allowed the production of small amounts of interferon so that studies
on its purification could begin. Of the three classes of interferon (fibro-
blast, leukocyte, and immune), fibroblast and leukocyte interferons were
the focus of attention in many laboratories. The methods for purifying
these interferons are described in Volume 78.
With the development of sensitive methods for the assay of amino
acids and peptides, the application of high-performance liquid chromatog-
raphy (HPLC) to protein purification was convenient and feasible, partic-
ularly with substances that were available in minute amounts. The purifi-
cation of interferon by reverse and normal phase HPLC was the first
achievement of the purification of proteins by these high-performance
procedures. Since then, numerous other proteins have been purified by
HPLC with the use of these same techniques. As has been illustrated by
additional examples, achievements in interferon research, as in this case,
initiated the foundations for achievements in other areas.
Even though some of the interferons were purified, only small
amounts were available. However, it was possible to determine their
amino acid composition, peptide maps, and some of their amino acid se-
quences even with picomole to nanomole (0.2 to 02 ~g) amounts. The sec-
tions in Volume 79 describe these methods.
After the development of assays that could detect the synthesis of bio-
logically active interferons in cell-free extracts and by microinjection
directly into intact cells from isolated mRNA, it was feasible to consider
cloning the DNA coding for these molecules. The methods leading to and
including the construction and identification of DNA recombinants con-
taining the interferon-coding sequences are described in Volume 79.
As a result of the rapid application of these techniques, the complete
amino acid sequences of human fibroblast and several leukocyte interfer-
ons are now known (see Figs. 1 and 2). Both of these have been expressed
in bacteria. Recombinant leukocyte interferon has been purified to homo-
geneity and has been in clinical trial for about seven months. The isolation
of monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte interferon was instrumental in the
effective purification of recombinant human leukocyte interferon as well
as in the development of convenient immunoassays for the detection of
leukocyte interferon. Crystals of recombinant interferon have been ob-
tained and will enable the elucidation of their tertiary structure by X-ray
XX PREFACE
5'
1S $I0 02S 12S
mec chr ash tys cys ueZ ueZ ~tn ire ala leu leu leu cys phe 8er Chr chr ala leu set TEM gE$ t~ NSA
GTA CCA CAA GAA TGT CTC CTC AAC TTA CG CTC GTC GTT CGT CTT CCT T~A ACA TCG TTC CCT GTA CGA CAT CAA
50
01 02
LEO LKU GLY PHE LEU GLN ARG SER SER ASN PH~ CLN CYS GLN LYS LEU LEU TRP GLN LEU ASN GLY ARG LgU ~s~GLU
GTT TTC AGG CTT ATC AAC AGA CGA CG~ TAA TTT CA6 TGr CAG AAG CTC CT6 TGG CAA TTG AAT GGG AGG CTT
OOl
o3 40 50
TYR GYS LEU LYS PSA ARG MET ASN PHE ASP ILE PRO GLU GLU ILE LYS GLN LEU GLN GLN PHK GIN LYS GLU ASP
TAT CGT CTC 6AA CAG GGA GTA CAA TTr CAG CTA rCC GAG GAG TTA GAA 6AC GTC GAC GAC CTT GAC GAA GAG CAG
002
60 07
ALA ALA LEU THR ILE TYR GLU MET LEU GLN ASN ILE PHE ALA ILE PHE A~G GLN ASP $EK SEK SEg Trig GLY TRP
CCG ACG GTT CCA CTA FAT GAG GTA CT5 GAC CAA CTA TTT TCG TTA CTT AGA AAC TAG ACr TCT CGA TCA CGG ~ST
052 3oo
80 90 i00
ASN GLU tHE ILK VAL GLU ASN LEO LEU ALA ASN VAL TYR HIS GLN ILK ASN HIS LEU L~$ THK VAL LEU GLU GLU
TAA GAG TCA TTA Gr GAG CAA CTC GTC TCG TAA CTG TAT TAC GAC ATA CAA TAC 6TC GAA ACA crG cr6 AAG AAG
053
ll0 o21
LYS LEU GLD LYS GLU ASF PHE THR ARG GLY LYS LEU MET SE~ SER LKU HIS LEU LYS ARG TYK TYK GLY ARG ILE
AAA CrG GAG AAA GAA GAT TrT ACC A~G GGA AAA CTC GTA CGA TGA GTC CAC GTC AAA AGA TAT TAT GGG GGA ATI
400 054
031 140 150
~U HIS ~YR UEL LYS ALA LYS GLU TYR SER HIS CYS ALA TRP TflR ILE VAL ARG VAL GLU ILE LKU ARG ASN PHE
GTC TAC CAT GTC GAA CCG GAA GAG CAT TGA CAC IGT CCG GGT CCA ATA C!G AGA GT6 AAG CTA ATC GGA CAA TTT
005
061 I66
TYR File ILE ASN AI~G UED THR GLY TYR LEO ARG ASN END
CAT CTT TTA CAA AGA TTC ACA TGG CA! CFC ACGA AACGTCTCGITAACAG GCATACAGGGTCTCC CAGGTTCCGATCCCTAGA
o55 600
TTGAGTAIrAAATATTrTrAAAGTTTAGA~GATCACAGGAAAGTAAACGTCAFGTAA~CG~TAGTCAGTGAATTTGTC~TA~A~ACCMCrTCrT
650 700
AAAACGTGGTT~TTArTAAATAAAAGGTTTFATTTTAAATTTA~TTATTTTTA
057
3'
FIG. 1. DNA and amino acid sequence corresponding to recombinant human leukocyte
interferon A (IFLrA). See Volume 79 for references.
crystallography. Despite these achievements, much needs to be learned
about the biological activity, mode of action, and the clinical efficacy of the
interferons. The availability of sufficient amounts for these studies will
undoubtedly lead to new insights during this next phase of interferon
research. Very much needs to be learned about the "old" interferons, and
we will certainly have some additional new ones in the future. The methods
in these volumes cover the gamut of these paths.
The contributors to these volumes have spent much time and effort in
preparing detailed reports of their methodologies. I am grateful to them all
for their many excellent contributions. The staff of Academic Press has
been most efficient and supportive throughout this undertaking. Drs.
Colowick and Kaplan have provided much sound advice since the time
these volumes were initiated. Many colleagues and associates have given
me numerous useful suggestions. Special thanks are owed to Sophie
Cuber who, with accustomed dedication and thoroughness, provided es-
PREFACE xxi
AAT CGT AAA GAA GGA CAT CTC ATA TAA ATA GGC CAT ACC CAT GGA GAA AGG ACA TTC TAA CTG CAA CCT
-I00
Sl
Met Thr Asn Lys
TTC GAA GCC TTT GCT CTG GCA CAA CAG GTA GTA GGC GAC ACT GTT CGT GTT GTC AAC~T-~ACC AAC AAG
1
Cys Leu Leu Gln Ile Ala Leu Leu Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Thr Ala Leu Ser Met Set Tyr ASh Leu Leu
TGT CTC CTC CAA ATT GCT CTC CTG TTG TGC TTC TTC ACT ACA GCT CTT TCC ~T-~AGC TAC AAC TTG CTT
Gly Phe Leu Gln Arg Set Set Ash Phe Gln Cys Gln Lys Leu Leu Trp Gin Leu ASh Gly Arg Leu Glu
GGA TTC CTA CAA AGA AGC AGC AAT TTT CAG TGT CAG AAG CTC CTG TGG CAA TTG AAT GGG AGG CTT GAA
I00
Tyr Cys Leu Lys Asp Azg Met ASh Phe Asp Ile Pro GIu GIu Ile Lys Gin Leu Gln Gln Phe Gln Lys
TAC TGC CTC AAG GAC AGG ATG AAC TTT GAC ATC CCT GAG GAG ATT AAG CAG CTG CAG CAG TTC CAG AAG
200
Glu Asp Ala Ala Leu Thr lie Tyr Glu Met Leu Gln ASh Ile Phe Ala Ile Phe Arg Gln Asp Set Set
GAG GAC GCC GCA TTG ACC ATC TAT GAG ATG CTC CAG AAC ATC TTT GCT ATT TTC AGA CAA GAT TCA TCT
Set Thr Gly Trp ASh Glu Thr lle Val Glu ASh Leu Leu Ala ASh Val Tyr His Gln lle Ash His Leu
AGC ACT GGC TGG AAT GAG ACT ATT GTT GAG AAC CTC CTG GCT AAT GTO TAT CAT CAG ATA AAC CAT CTG
300
Lys Thr Val Leu GIu Glu Lys Leu Glu Lys Glu Asp Phe Thr Arg Gly Lys Lqu Met Ser Ser Leu His
AAG ACA GTC CTG GAA GAA AAA CTG GAG AAA GAA GAT TTC ACC AGG GGA AAA CTC ATG AGC AGT CTG CAC
400
Leu Lys Arg Tyr Tyr Gly Arg Ile Leu His Tyr Leu Lys Ala Lys Glu Tyr Ser His Cys Ala Trp Thr
CTG AAA AGA TAT TAT GGG AGG ATT CTG CAT TAC CTG AAG GCC AAG GAG TAC AGT CAC TGT GCC TGG ACC
166
Ile Val Arg Val GIu Ile Leu Arg Ash Phe Tyr Phe Ile ASh Arg Leu Thr Gly Tyr Leu Arg Ash END
ATA GTC AGA GTG GAA ATC CTA AGG AAC TTT TAC TTC ATT AAC AGA CTT ACA GGT TAC CTC CGA AAC
500
AGA TCT CCT AGC CTG TGC CTC TGG GAC TGG ACA ATT GCT TCA AGC ATT CTT CAA CCA GCA GAT GCT GTT
600
TAA GTG ACT GAT GGC TAA TGT ACT GCA TAT GAA AGG ACA CTA GAA GAT TTT G~ ATT TTT ATT AAA TTA
700
TGA GTT ATT TTT ATT TAT TTA AAT TTT ATT TTG GAA AAT AAA TTA TTT TTG GTG CAA AAG TCA ACA TGG
CAG TTT TAA TTT CGA TTT GAT TTA TAT AAC CAT CCA TAT TAT AA
800
FIG. 2. DNA and amino acid sequence corresponding to human fibroblast interferon as
deduced from the DNA sequence of the gene. See Volume 79 for references.
sential editorial assistance; and to Robert Pestka, for his skill and con-
scientiousness in preparing the comprehensive Subject Index for this vol-
ume.
During the preparation of these volumes, my family has accepted and
borne many of my responsibilities in good spirit. Joan has continually
sustained an atmosphere for this and other work to be accomplished.
Robert, Sharon, and Steven have provided many joys and much good
humor vital to me.
SIDNEY PESTKA
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
yendiS P. Colowick Nathan O. Kaplan
EMULOV VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA ROTCIV GRUBSNIG
EMULOV IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by WILLIS A. DOOW
EMULOV X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by DLANOR W. KOORBATSE DNA DRANYAM E. NAMLLUP
EMULOV XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS
EMULOV XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited by ECNERWAL NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
EMULOV XIII. Citric Acid Cycle
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XIV. Lipids
Edited by J. M. NIETSNEWOL
EMULOV XV. Steroids and Terpenoids
Edited by DNOMYAR B. NOTYALC
EMULOV XVI. Fast Reactions
Edited by KENNETH NITSUK
EMULOV XVII. Metabolism of Amino Acids and Amines (Parts A and B)
Edited by TREBREH ROBAT DNA CELIA WHITE ROBAT
EMULOV XVIII. Vitamins and Coenzymes (Parts A, B, and C)
Edited by DLANOD B. KCIMROCCM DNA LEMUEL D. THGIRW
XXV
xxvi METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
EMULOV XIX. Proteolytic Enzymes
Edited by GERTRUDE E. PERLMANN DNA LASZLO LORAND
EMULOV XX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part )C
Edited by KIVIE MOLDAVE DNA LAWRENCE NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXI. Nucleic Acids (Part )D
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVlE EVADLOM
EMULOV XXII. Enzyme Purification and Related Techniques
Edited yb WILLIAM B. YBOKAJ
EMULOV XXIII. Photosynthesis (Part A)
Edited by ANTHONY NAS PIETRO
EMULOV XXIV. Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation (Part B)
Edited by ANTHONY NAS PIETRO
EMULOV XXV. Enzyme Structure (Part B)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA SERGE N. TIMASHEFF
EMULOV XXVI. Enzyme Structure (Part C)
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS DNA SERGE N. TIMASHEFF
VOLUME XXVII. Enzyme Structure (Part D)
Edited yb C. H. W. HIRS DNA SERGE N. FFEHSAM1T
EMULOV XXVIII. Complex Carbohydrates (Part B)
Edited by VICTOR GRUBSNIG
EMULOV XXIX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part E)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
VOLUME XXX. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (Part F)
Edited by KIVlE MOLDAVE DNA LAWRENCE NAMSSORG
EMULOV XXXI. Biomembranes (Part A)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP
EMULOV XXXII. Biomembranes (Part B)
Edited by SIDNEY FLEISCHER DNA LESTER REKCAP