Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics—2 PDF
Preview Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics—2
INTERFACES IN MEDICINE AND MECHANIC~ Proceedings of Interfaces 90, the Second International Conference on Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics held at the Instituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy, 9-14 September 1990. Also published by Elsevier Applied Science Publishers: Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics, edited by K. R. Williams and T. H. J. Lesser, being the proceedings of the First International Conference on Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics held in Swansea in April 1988. Conference Co-ordinators K. R. Williams, UK A. Toni, Italy J. Middleton, UK G. Pallotti, Italy Advisory Committee J. F. Bates UK A. W. Blayney Ireland C. A. van Blitterswijk The Netherlands E. Czerwinski Poland C. Doyle UK K. Fujikawa Japan P. O. Glantz Sweden M. Green UK T. H. J. Lesser UK A. Meunier France T.A. Roberts UK A. Rohlmann Germany B. R. Simon USA K. Tanne Japan F. A. Young USA INTERFACES IN MEDICINE AND MECHANICS-2 Edited by K. R. WILLIAMS Department of Basic Dental Science, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK A. TONI Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Bologna, Italy J. MIDDLETON Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, UK G. PALLOTII University of Bologna, Italy ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LT O Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11 SJU, England Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA WITH 47 TABLES AND 259 ILLUSTRATIONS © 1991 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LT O British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Conference on Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics (2nd: 1990: Bologna, Italy) Interfaces in medicine and mechanics-2. 1. Medicine. Implants I. Title II. Williams, K. R. 617.95 ISBN 1-85166-583-8 Library of Congress CIP data applied for No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. v Preface The first Interfaces Conference was held at Swansea in April 1988 and represented the then state of the art of the science of implant surgery. The motivation for the initial venture was a supposed need for a closer interaction and dialogue between the clinician and scientist working in this area. As expressed in the Preface to the first Conference, we felt that the interface was represented graphically, scientifically and psychologically by the drawings of Edgar Rubins (1915), again widely used in the literature to the present Proceedings. The first Conference, we believe, achieved the aims of the organisers in bringing together scientists and clinicians towards an exchange of ideas by logically pursuing the sequence of events in clinical implant surgery. The present Conference, in collaboration with our Italian colleagues, has also attempted to achieve the same aims by examining the behaviour of implants constructed of a variety of materials in both hard and soft tissue. Many contributions in the conference employed the technique of finite element analysis, both for design and optimisation purposes, particularly in relation to bone remodelling. Indeed, this particular aspect of the Conference led to much debate and will require a major examination of the many levels of physical, chemical and biomechanical interactive behaviour of the implant and its environment. All this natural behaviour was presented and discussed, but difficulties and failures remain with such procedures and we feel it is only by continuing such meetings that we progress in this difficult area of clinical science. The editors believe that this unique group of scientists and clinicians should continue with the above-mentioned aims by organising a third conference at a venue to be arranged early in 1993. K. R. WILLIAMS A. TONI J. MIDDLETON G. PALLOTTI vii Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v 1. Material Science of Clinical Implants Polyactive: A Bone-Bonding Polymer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 C. A. VAN BLITIERSWIJK, J. J. GROTE, S. C. HESSE LIN and D. BAKKER (University of Leiden, The Netherlands) Biomechanical Behaviour of Articular Disc in Adult Dogs: A Measuring Method and Preliminary Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 K. TANNE, E. TANAKA, T. SHIBAGUCHI, M. SAKUDA (Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan), S. WADA, M. TANAKA and Y. SEGUCHI (Osaka University Faculty of Engineering Science, Japan) The Immune System at the Metallic Implant Interface: Metal Ions Inhibit Immune Function but are not Cytotoxic. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19 G. S. CARVALHO (Aveiro University, Portugal), I. BRAVO (Institute Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal) and M. A. BARBOSA (Porto University, Portugal) Differential Rate of Bone Growth to Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Implants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29 R. HAZAN and U. ORON (Tel Aviv University, Israel) Enhancement of Bony Ingrowth to Titanium and Titanium Alloy Orthopaedic Implants in Experimental Model in the Rat . . . . 35 R. HAZAN and U. ORON (Tel Aviv University, Israel) viii The Influence of the Plate Stiffness of the Tibial Plateau of a Knee Prosthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43 J . VANDER SLOTEN, R. V AN AUDEKERCKE and G . VAN DER PERRE (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium) Changes of Antibiotic Sensitivity after Contact 'in Vitro' of Bacteria with Metals ............................ " 56 E. CENNI, L. SAVARINO, D. CAVEDAGNA and A. PIZZOFERRATO (Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Italy) A New Technique for Intact Interface Studies of Bone and Biomaterials Using Light and Electron Microscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 M. V. KAYSER, S. DOWNES and S. Y. ALI (University of London, UK) Preferred Orientation in Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 D. H. ISAAC (University College of Swansea, UK) and M. GREEN (University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK) Bone Mineral as Seen in the Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......... 86 D. H. ISAAC (University College of Swansea, UK) and M. GREEN (University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK) 2. Mathematical Modelling of Prosthetic Surgery Experimental and Theoretical Thermal Effects During Cementation of an Endomedullary Infibulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96 G. PAGANETTO and S. MAZZULLO (HIMONT, Ferrara, Italy) Pin-Bone Interface: A Geometric and Material Non-Linear Analysis. . 104 A. N. NATALI and E. A. MEROI (University of Padova, Italy) The Ellipse of Elasticity Applied to a Dental Prosthesis. . . . 115 K. R. WILLIAMS (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) and G. PALLOTTI (University of Bologna, Italy) Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of a Saggital Split Osteotomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 G. WHITIIAM, J. MIDDLETON (University College of Swansea, UK) and G. R. BARKER (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) Debonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 R. OLIVER and K. R. WILLIAMS (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) ix 3. Successes and Failures of Materials in Medicine Formation of Extracellular Deposits by Macrophages Exposed to Poorly Degradable Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 H. K. KOERTEN, C. A. VAN BLITTERSWUK, S. C. HESSELlNG, J. D. DE BRUUN, J. J. GROTE and W. TH. DAEMS (University of Leiden, The Netherlands ) Successes and Failures Following 5 Years of Clinical Experience with the Surgicraft ABC Prosthetic Anterior Cruciate Ligament . . . . . . . . 169 T. K. O'BRIEN (Surgicraft Ltd, Redditch, UK), A. McLEOD, W. D. COOKE (UMIST, Manchester, UK), M. MOWBRAY, A. REES (Mayday Hospital, Croydon, UK), B. SHAFIGHIAN (Eating General Hospital, London, UK) and A. E. STROVER (Droitwich Private Hospital, Worcs, UK) Bone Cement: Retrieved Wear Particles vs Fabricated Wear Particles. 180 J. EMMANUAL, J. G. EMMANUAL, A. HEDLEY and B. SAUER (Harrington Arthritis Research Center, Phoenix, USA) Cortical Bone Hypertrophy at the Tip of Femoral Prosthesis: Biological- Mechanical Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 M. PORTIGLIATTI BARBOS and C. VIGLINO (Universitii di Torino, Italy) Success and Failure of Experimental Active Glasses in Periodontal Disease Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 D. ZAFFE and A. M. GATTI (University of Modena, Italy) 4. Tissue Structure, Histories of Applications Structural and Cellular Reactions of Bone Tissue to Orthopaedic Implants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Z. A. RALlS (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) Numerical and Clinical Analysis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement . . . 226 K. R. WILLIAMS (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis (KAFO) Prototype for Myopathic Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 C. GRANATA, A. DE LOLLIS, G. CAMPO, L. PIANCASTELLI, A. BALLESTRAZZI and L. MERLINI (University of Bologna, Italy) x Improvement of Fracture Healing by Applied Axial Micromovement: A Clinical Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 S. H. WHITE, J. L. CUNNINGHAM, J. B. RICHARDSON, M. EVANS, J. KENWRIGHT (University of Oxford, UK), M. A. ADAMS, A. E. GOODSHIP, E. SMITH and J. H. NEWMAN (Bristol Roya[.[njirmary, UK) Improvement in the Design of Bone Screws for External Fixation . . . 249 M. EVANS, S. H. WHITE (University of Oxford, UK) and J. L. CUNNINGHAM (University of Durham, UK) Clinical Application of Total Artificial Heart (TAH) and Blood Rheology 257 T.-C. HUNG, H. S. BOROVETZ, R. L. KORMOS, B. P. GRIFFITH and R. L. HARDEST)' (University of Pittsburgh, USA) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Prosthesis: 'Programmed Loosening' Augmentation as a Solution to the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 M. MARCACCI, R. BUDA, S. ZAFFAGNINI, A. VISANI and D. DA VALLE (lstituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Italy) Dentine Microstructure in Normal Deciduous Teeth by Collagenase Etching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 J. MEADS (Community Dental Service, Swansea, UK), M. GREEN (University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK) and D. H. ISAAC (University of Wales, Swansea, UK) 5. Numerical Analysis of Biological Implants and Surrounding Tissue Poroelastic Finite Element Models in Biomechanics-an Overview . . . 279 B. R. SIMON (University of Arizona, USA) Stress Analyses of Bones and Simulation of Mechanically Induced Cortical Remodeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 R. T. HART, N. THONGPREDA and V. V. HENNEBEL (Tulane University, USA) Biomechanical Responses of Craniofacial and Alveolar Bones to Mechanical Forces in Orthodontics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 K. TANNE (Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan) Non-Linear Behaviour of the Periodontal Ligament: A Numerical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 A. N. WILSON, J. MIDDLETON, G. N. PA NDE (University College of Swansea, UK) and M. L. JONES (University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK) xi Solid Modeling and Finite Element Modeling of Bones and Implant- Bone Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 B. MERZ (Sulzer Medical Engineering, Winterthur, Switzerland), R. MULLER and P. RUEGSEGGER (University of Zurich, Switzerland) The Effect of Prosthesis Orientation on 'Stress-Shielding' Using Finite Element Analysis-Indications as to Bone Remodeling . . . . . . . . 329 P. J. PRENDERGAST (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland), B. MCCORMACK (University College Dublin, Ireland), T. GUNAWARDHANA (EOLAS- The Irish Science and Technology Agency, Dublin, Ireland) and D. TAYLOR (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland) Le Lesioni da Casco Motociclistico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 A. RICCI and G. PALLOTI1 (University of Bologna, Italy) Local Strain Deviation (LSD) and Bone Remodeling: A Comparative Study on Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty. . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 M. VICECONTI (Istituto Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy), A. TONI, A. SUDANESE, D. DALLARI and A. GIUNTI (University of Bologna, Italy) 6 and 7. Interactions in Medicine and Mechanics Development of Bone-Implant Interface During Healing Phase of Dental Implants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 I. BINDERMAN (Tel Aviv University, Israel), D. GAZIT (Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel), Y. CHAIT, R. YAHAV, S. WEISMAN, Y. EILON and N. FINE (Tel Aviv University, Israel) Prediction.of the Long-Term Evolution of the Bone Stock Around a Tailor-Made Hip Implant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 J . VANDER SLOTEN and G. V AN DER PERRE (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium) A Combined Anatomical and Biomechanical Approach to the Sacro-Iliac Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 A. VLEEMING, R. STOECKART, C. J. SNIJDERS and J. P. VAN WINGERDEN (Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands) The Biological Response to Bone Cement and the Influence of Incorporated Growth Hormone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 S. DOWNES and M. V. KAYSER (Institute of Orthopaedics, Stanmore, UK)
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