Interculturality in Institutions: Symbols, Practices and Identities PDF
Preview Interculturality in Institutions: Symbols, Practices and Identities
Culture in Policy Making: The Symbolic Universes of Social Action Marilena Fatigante Cristina Zucchermaglio Francesca Alby Editors Interculturality in Institutions Symbols, Practices and Identities Culture in Policy Making: The Symbolic Universes of Social Action SeriesEditors Sergio Salvatore, Department of Dynamic Psychology, La Sapienza Università di Roma,Rome,Italy TerriMannarini,DepartmentofHistory,SocietyandHumanStudies,Universitàdel Salento,Lecce,Lecce,Italy JaanValsiner,Psychologie,AalborgUniversitet,Aalborg,Denmark GiuseppeA.Veltri,DepartmentofSociology,UniversitàdiTrento,Trento,Trento, Italy Thebookseriesdevelopsandconsolidatestheinnovativeapproachtopolicy-making andpoliticsbasedontherecognitionofthecentralroleplayedbyculturaldynamics, intendedas on-goingprocesses ofsense makingchannelled by symbolicresources theculturalenvironmentmakes available andthroughwhichpeoplemake senseto theexperience,thereforefeel,think,act. It pursues both a theoretical and practical purpose: the development of the conceptual approach to policy and politics based on the view of human being as homosemioticus,asasubjectengagedconstantlywiththeneedtomakemeaningful ordinarydailyexperiences,aswellasparticipationinsociety. (cid:129) (cid:129) Marilena Fatigante Cristina Zucchermaglio Francesca Alby Editors Interculturality in Institutions Symbols, Practices and Identities Editors MarilenaFatigante CristinaZucchermaglio DepartmentofSocialand DepartmentofSocialand DevelopmentalPsychology DevelopmentalPsychology SapienzaUniversityofRome SapienzaUniversityofRome Rome,Italy Rome,Italy FrancescaAlby DepartmentofSocialand DevelopmentalPsychology SapienzaUniversityofRome Rome,Italy ISSN2523-7306 ISSN2523-7314 (electronic) CultureinPolicyMaking:TheSymbolicUniversesofSocialAction ISBN978-3-031-12625-3 ISBN978-3-031-12626-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12626-0 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MarilenaFatigante,CristinaZucchermaglio,andFrancescaAlby PartI LanguageandCultureatInstitutionalBorders:Reflecting About(Inter)CulturalPracticesandIdentitiesatIndividual andCommunityLevel 2 ProvincialCentersforAdultEducation(CPIA)asResources fortheInclusionofMigrantAdultsinItaly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 SaraGabrielli,GuidoBenvenuto,PatriziaSposetti, andGiordanaSzpunar 3 MulticulturalHealthCare,GlobalMobility,Situated Transformations:TowardsaFluentBorderlessHealthCare System. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 41 CarloOreficeandAlessandraRomano 4 InterculturalityandthePenitentiaryContext:Challengesand ResourcesfromCommunityMediationApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 IlariaCoppola,MaraMorelli,andNadiaRania 5 NavigatingGendered,Racialized,andMigrantIdentities: SenegaleseWomenArtists’ReflectionsonLearningItalian inRome. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 87 MayaAngelaSmith 6 Intercultural(Re)PresentationsofInternationalStudentsatan ItalianHigherEducationInstitution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 LauraSoledadNorton v vi Contents PartII NegotiatingCultureintheMedicalContext 7 “IsThereAnyoneinThere?”:CaregiversandProfessionals’ MutualPositioningtoTakeCareofVegetativeStatePatients. . . . . 141 EdoardoZulato,LorenzoMontali,andCarolinaQuagliarella 8 BeyondInterpreting:TheCompanions’RoleinBridging Patient-DoctorUnderstandinginInterculturalOncologicalVisits. . 161 MarilenaFatigante,CristinaZucchermaglio,andFrancescaAlby 9 SocialNetworks’sCultureSupportingCancerTreatmentPathways: AComparisonBetweenaGroupofItalianPatientsandaGroupof ForeignPatients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 MariacristinaNutricato 10 PracticesofInclusioninPrimaryCareVisitsofUnaccompanied ForeignMinors:AllocatingAgencyasanInterprofessionally DistributedInterculturalCompetence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 LetiziaCaronia,VittoriaColla,andFedericaRanzani 11 TheTransformationalPowerofanInterculturalResearch Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 EnricoDeLuca,MarianWilson,AndraDavis,PatriceRepar, DawnDoutrich,andSureepornThanasilp PartIII ChildrenNegotiatingCulture 12 IntercountryAdoptionMigrationProcess:CulturalChallenges andResourcestoPromotePsychosocialWell-being. . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 LauraFerrariandRosaRosnati 13 InterculturalityintheMaking:Out-of-HomeChildrenFamiliarizing withEthnographicResearchinItalianResidentialCare. . . . . . . . . 265 MarziaSaglietti 14 NegotiatingInterculturalityfromtheMargins:Translinguistic PracticesasAffectiveLaborinImmigrantChildLanguage Brokering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 InmaculadaM.García-SánchezandMarjorieFaulstichOrellana Chapter 1 Introduction MarilenaFatigante,CristinaZucchermaglio,andFrancescaAlby Inashort paper datingbackto1999,aninsightfulreviewoftwobookswhichhad “culture” in their title (respectively, by Jerome Bruner, and Janet Schofield), Ray McDermott recalls Timothy Mitchell’s work (1988) Colonizing Egypt, and partic- ularly this author’s account of “culture” as it was conceptualized by a fourteenth century Muslim scholar, Ibn-Khuldun: according to this medieval philosopher, the concept of culture implies a strong reference to “practice and participation”, a perspectiveastonishinglysimilar,andanticipating,thevisionthatculturalpsychol- ogy has brought some centuries later. Exquisite words follow, by McDermott himself, about how this concept contrasts with the idea of culture as “an abstract word, a surround, a vague, generalized environment for the mind” (McDermott, 1999:158).Whilebeingverymuchawareofthehugecomplexityandpolysemyof thetermculture,andtherichnessanddepthofthetheoreticaldiscussionhistorically developed around it (see on this, among others, Hammerseley, 2019), we find Ibn-Khulun’s conceptualization a useful starting point, acknowledging the close link between culture and participation, before presenting how this book aspires to contributetothespecifictopicofInterculturality. Associalpsychologistspassionatewithqualitativeapproachesand,particularly, ethnographic, discursive-oriented methodology of data production and analysis (cf. Silverman, 2001; Zucchermaglio et al., 2013), we are interested in observing, documenting, interpreting, and communicating the ways in which culture makes itselfvisibleinalldetailsofeverydaylife,practices,anddiscourses,inbothordinary andinstitutionalcontexts.Whenwesaydetails,welineupwitheminentanthropol- ogists and sociologist, who first shed light to the necessity to look at mundane, M.Fatigante(*)·C.Zucchermaglio·F.Alby DepartmentofSocialandDevelopmentalPsychology,UniversitySapienzaofRome,Rome, Italy e-mail:[email protected] ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1 M.Fatiganteetal.(eds.),InterculturalityinInstitutions,CultureinPolicyMaking: TheSymbolicUniversesofSocialAction, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12626-0_1 2 M.Fatiganteetal. smallest things such as—honouring that beautiful discussion by Clifford Geertz (1974) on Gilbert’s Ryle example—a winkle, to dive in the comprehension of that largesetofimplicitrules,assumptionsandvaluesthatguideour(aspeople’s,social actors’, cultural interpreters’) “wandering about” in the world. Culture, in fact. Culture,asasetofinterpretiveprocedures,whichmakethemselvesvisibleaspeople engageinmutual,co-operativeactions(Goodwin,2018),ineitherordinaryorhighly ritualizedandformalconduct. ExplorersofhumanpsychologicalandculturalcomplexitylikeGregoryBateson (1955)advancedthenotionofframeasameta-message,establishingtherulesor,the “key”bywhichacertainutterancemustbeintended(withimplicationsforinterper- sonalrelationshipbetweeninterlocutors).Asa“setofspatialandtemporalbounding ofasetofinteractivemessages”,theframeconsistsintheimplicit,ongoing—thatis, continuously negotiated and tested—establishment of mutual understanding about what two or more interlocutors are engaging together, for instance discriminating between a play or a fight(however they might include similaractions), ajoke or a seriouscritique,asincereadvicefromanenvycommentetc. Fromadifferentdomainandapplyingitmorecloselytotheobservationofnatural situationsandordinarysocialencounters,ErvingGoffmantalkedaboutthe“operative consensus”atthebasisofevery“identifiablechunksofsocialbehaviour”andsawit asthemostbasicrequirementforpeopletounderstandeachother.QuotingGoffman (1974): “It is obvious that a given appearance can on different occasions have differentmeanings.Hewhocleansoffhisdinnerplatecanbeseenasstarved,polite, gluttonous,orfrugal.Butusuallythecontext,aswesay,rulesoutwronginterpreta- tions and rules in the right one. (Indeed, context can be defined as immediately availableeventswhicharecompatiblewithoneframeunderstandingandincompat- iblewithothers.)Andwhenthecontextmightnotsuffice,participantstakecaretoact outrequisiteevidence,here,asitwere,helpingnaturetobeherself.”(p.440). Ethnomethodologists Harold Garfinkel and the more empiricist Harvey Sacks arguedthatsocialactorsachieveandverifytheir“culturalunderstanding”inthevery local, routine procedures by which they engage, in pair of, complementary actions such as, “adjacency pairs” (Sacks et al., 1974) of greetings, question-answers, assessments. In their perspective, the set of strategies that people use to engage in concerted efforts to secure mutual understanding (culture, indeed) is built and negotiatedeverytime;theyaretheimplicitrulessurfacinginthewayswerespond toactionsthatweareaddressed.Locally,andcontingently. In Schegloff’s words introducing Sacks’ posthumously published Lectures (1992): Acultureisnotthentobefoundbyaggregatingallofitsvenues;itissubstantiallypresentin eachofitsvenues(p.xlvi). Thisviewofcultureassituatedandcontingentcontrastswithitsrepresentationasan ‘independent variable’ that distinctively connotates people based on specific char- acteristicssuchas,theethnicorlinguisticbackground(aconceptionthat,according to Bauman (1999), we could define as “reified”). On the contrary, in the cultural psychological perspective the cultural dimension encompasses the whole set of 1 Introduction 3 symbolic and material tools through which we act in the world, as well as, the interpretiveproceduresneededtounderstandthem.Assuch,cultureisnotanentity separated from human psychological functioning, but rather an essential part of it.Culturesassystemsofmeaningsandmeaning-makingpractices,areporous(i.e., non-monolithic) spaces in which we are inevitably embedded and which we con- tributetodevelopandmodifyasactiveparticipants. Such a (re)defined notion of culture gives a central role to human agency as an engineofchangeandinnovation.Anagencythatisaccomplishedthroughpractices ofsocialparticipation,whoserootsaretobefoundinthepast(intermsofestablished habitus, attitudes and practices) but which also orient towards the future (in the possibility of negotiating alternatives of action and expanding the social practices themselves)andinhabitthepresent(intheabilitytocontextualizesituatedpractices and future projects in the contingencies of the moment) (cf. Emirbayer & Mische, 1998). Theterm“participation”isusedheretoanalyticallydescribetheintenselysocial experience of living in the world as members of multiplecommunities and thus as actively involved (with actions, thoughts, and discourses) in cultural practices characterizedbythepresenceofothers(seeGoodwin&Goodwin,2004).Aworld populatedbyOtherswhoareever-presentinthediscourses,repertoires,artifacts,and cultural practices we negotiate and engage in: “The natural world we inhabit is shared because it has perceptible and interpretable traces of others having been ‘there’(or‘here’)”(Duranti,2010:26). Equippedbythisbackgroundperspectiveonculture,wenowturntoexaminethe conceptofinter-culturality. 1.1 Interculturality Letusfirstsketchadefinitionoftheterm. Itwouldbeasurprisetodiscover thatthelabelInterculturalitydoesnotexistin theOxfordDictionary,butonlyappearsinitsadjectiveform:“existingorhappening betweendifferentcultures”;“takingplacebetweenculturesorderivedfromdifferent cultures”. Short and simple phrases, assuming the (pre-) existence of original “sources” (the “cultures”, whatever they mean) and something that emerges in the spaceinbetween. Asamatteroffact,somethingthathappens“inbetween”impliesthatelements,or persons, who are permanently (?) residing in one or the other of the two “original sites”movefromtheretothisinbetweenspace,onlyemergingasanewplacethanks tothatmovementanddisplacement. Theideaofatension,mobility,dynamism,sometimesevenrestlessness,iswhat indeedcharacterizesthetermintercultural.Ontheotherhand,borders,andmargins, whichdefinethatplace“inbetween”gainrelevanceintheirownterms. Boundaries, as sites of continuous negotiation of meanings, sites of contest and debate, even fight, but also reconciliation and reunion, are preferred metaphor by
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