Intercorrelated Satellite Observations Related to Solar Events: Proceedings of the Third ESLAB/ESRIN Symposium Held in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 16–19, 1969

628 Pages·1970·49.133 MB·English

by  E. A. Trendelenburg (auth.), V. Manno, D. E. Page (eds.)

INTERCORRELATED SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS
RELATED TO SOLAR EVENTS
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
I. E. BLAMONT, Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France
R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLDBERG, Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., USA
C. DE lAGER, University of Utrecht, Holland
Z. KOPAL, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
G. H. LUDWIG, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., USA
R. L iiST, Instittlt fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Garsching-Munchen, Germany
B. M. MCCORMAC, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Allo, Calif., USA
H. E. NEWELL, NASA, Washington, D.C., USA
L.1. SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR
Z. SVESTKA, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Ondfejov, Czechoslovakia
Secretary of the Editorial Board
W. DE GRAAFF, Sterrewacht 'Sonnenborgh', University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
VOLUME 19
INTERCORRELATED
SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS RELATED
TO SOLAR EVENTS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ESLAB/ESRIN SYMPOSIUM
HELD IN NOORDWIJK, THE NETHERLANDS,
SEPTEMBER 16-19, 1969
Edited by
V. MANNO
and
D. E. PAGE
Space Science Department (ESLAB),
European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
The Symposium was jointly sponsored by the Space Science Department (ESLAB),
Noordwijk, The Netherlands, and the European Space Research Institute (ESRIN),
Frascati, Italy, of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO)
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 77-118134
ISBN 978-94-010-3280-3 ISBN 978-94-010-3278-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-3278-0
All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 1970 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm,
or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.
FOREWORD
The European Space Research Organisation put its first satellite into orbit in March
1968 and was successful with two more before the end of that year. It was not entirely
surprising therefore that the third annual ESLAB/ESRIN Symposium should in
some way deal with the results obtained. This book is the Proceedings of that Sym
posium which, for reasons which Dr. Trendelenburg explains in the introductory talk,
concentrated on intercorrelating phenomena occurring during solar events and in
particular during the event of 25 February 1969. It is generally acknowledged that
space data could yield a much more fruitful harvest if measurements taken simulta
neously in different regions of space could be compared and the detectors inter
calibrated. ESRO therefore sought right from the start to encourage this comparison
of data.
The first two days of the Symposium (16 and 17 September 1969) were devoted to
review lectures on inter-related phenomena occurring on the sun, through inter
planetary space and the magnetosphere right down to the earth's ionosphere. The
last two days were used to hear papers presenting results obtained from the ESRO
and certain U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. satellites during the solar events around 25 February
1969. The Proceedings published here follow the same sequence as the Symposium
presentations.
Because of the short time interval between the solar event and the Symposium,
some of the data presented in the second part must be regarded as preliminary.
However, the editors thought it worthwhile to publish in this form in the hope that the
collection of data in one place would stimulate further and deeper study of the 25
February 1969 and other events.
The editors are pleased to note that the Symposium appears to have achieved its
aim of prompting experimenters to get together to correlate their data and they wish
to thank all who contributed to this success. They would especially acknowledge the
help of their ESLAB colleagues in the preparation of this book.
D. E. PAGE
v. MANNO
Noordwijk, January 1970
Programme Committee:
G. Fiocco (ESRIN), J. Ortner (ESRO, Paris), D. E. Page (ESLAB), A. Pedersen
(ESLAB), J. G. Roederer (University of Denver), and E. A. Trendelenburg (ESLAB).
Arrangements Secretaries:
Miss Mhairi Campbell, and Mrs. Retina Troost
Proceedings Organiser:
v. Manno (ESLAB)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword v
List of Participants XIII
Introduction
by E. A. Trendelenburg
1. SUMMARY LECTURE
A Survey of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Phenomena Associated with Solar
Flares
by W. I. Axford 7
2. SOLAR PARTICLES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
High Energy Flare Radiation
by C. de Jager 25
Satellite Observations of Solar Cosmic Rays
by F. B. McDonald 34
Propagation of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays of Low Energies in Interplane-
tary Medium
by S. N. Verno v, A. E. Chudakov, P. V. Vakulov, E. V. Gorchakov,
N. N. Kontor, Yu. I. Logachev, G. P. Lyubimov, N. V. Peresligina, and
G. A. Timofeev 53
Particle Event Forecasting
by Z. Svestka 90
Proposed Solar Proton Event Classification System
by D. F. Smart and M. A. Shea 102
3. SOLAR WIND VARIATIONS DURING AND
AFTER SOLAR EVENTS
Solar Wind Disturbances Associated with Solar Activity
by A. J. Hundhausen 111
Variations of Solar Wind Fluxes Observed on Board Venera-5 and Venera-6
from January 21 to March 21 1969, and Pulsations of the Earth's Electromagnetic
Field Caused by these Variations
by K. I. Gringauz, V. A. Troitskaya, E. K. Solomatina, and
R. V. Shchepetnov 130
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
Magnetic Field Variations in Interplanetary Space
by J. M. Wilcox 140
4. BOW SHOCK V ARIA nONS FOLLOWING SOLAR EVENTS
Plasma Measurements Across the Bow Shock and in the Magnetosheath
by A. J. Hundhausen 155
Interaction of Solar Energetic Particles with the Earth's Bow Shock and
Magnetopause
by S. Singer 170
Magnetic and Electric Field Changes Across the Shock and in the
Magnetosheath
by F. L. Scarf, P. J. Coleman, R. W. Fredricks, C. F. Kennel, and C. T. Russell 181
5. THE MAGNETOSPHERE DURING AND
AFTER SOLAR EVENTS
Solar Particle Observations over the Polar Caps
by G. A. Paulikas, J. B. Blake, and A. L. Vampola 193
Access of Solar Particles to Synchronous Altitude
by L. J. Lanzerotti 205
Entry of Low Energy Solar Protons into the Magnetosphere
by C. o. Bostrom 229
Trapped Particle Population Changes Associated with Solar Events
by J. G. Roederer 239
Geomagnetic Storms at A TS 1
by P. J. Coleman, Jr. 251
Magnetospheric Electric Fields
by H. VOik and G. Haerendel 280
5A. THE MAGNETOTAIL
Experimental Observations in the Magnetotail during an Interplanetary
Disturbance
by E. W. Hones, Jr. 299
Tearing Instabilities in the Magnetosphere
by K. Schindler 309
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
6. SOME IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS FOLLOWING
SOLAR EVENTS
Current Problems in Polar-Cap Absorption
by G. C. Reid 319
Interdisciplinary Investigations of the Auroral Phenomena
by I. A. Zhulin 335
Aspects of Auroral Morphology
by T. N. Davis 341
Acceleration and Precipitation of Van Allen Electrons During Magnetospheric
Substorms
by G. K. Parks 351
7. SATELLITE AND ROCKET RESULTS FOR THE
FEBRUARY 25, 1969 EVENT
Introduction to the ESRO Spacecraft ESRO-IIjIRIS, ESRO-IjAURORAE
and HEOS-l
by D. E. Page 367
Ground Observations of the Solar Event of February 25, 1969
by K. G. Lenhart 382
Substorm Influences on VHF Continuous Wave Auroral Backscatter
by P. Czechowsky and G. Lange-Hesse 405
X-Ray Observations between 1 and 55 A of the February 25th Flare
by A. C. Brinkman, W. de Graaff, and M. L. Shaw 413
The Solar Particle Event of February 25, 1969
by P. C. Hedgecock 419
Interplanetary Magnetic Field Measured by Pioneer 8 during the 25 February
1969 Event
by F. Mariani, B. Bavassano, and N. F. Ness 427
Observation of Solar Wind Discontinuities from February 24 to
February 28, 1969
by A. Bonetti, G. Moreno, M. Candidi, A. Egidi, V. Formisano, and
G. Pizzella 436
Observations of the Spectra and Time History of Protons in Interplanetary
Space, February 25-28, 1969
by E. Barouch, J. Engelmann, M. Gros, L. Koch, and P. Masse 448
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Solar Cosmic Ray Increase on 25 February-5 March, 1969 According to
Measurements from Venus-5 and Venus-6 Space Probes
by S. N. Verno v, N. N. Kontor, G. P. Lyubimov, N. V. Pereslegina, and
E. A. Chuchkov 460
Low Energy Proton Measurements in Interplanetary Space on Board the
HEOS-l Satellite
by A. Balogh and R. J. Hynds 471
The Solar Particle Events of 25 February, 1969. Directional Measurements of
Solar Protons with Energies Greater than 360 MeV on HEOS-l
by A. R. Engel 478
Observations Recorded by the Leeds University Cosmic Ray Detector on Board
the ESRO-II Spacecraft during the Solar Flare of February 25th, 1969
by R. Jakeways, P. L. Marsden, and I. R. Calder 486
ESRO-I Satellite Observations of 1-30 MeV Protons During the 25th February
1969 Solar Event
by G. R. Thomas, R. Dalziel, and W. Donaldson 492
Rocket Measurements of Protons and ex-Particles During the February 25, 1969
Solar Event
by G. Wibberenz and M. Witte 499
Rocket Observations of Protons and ex-Particles at And0ya after the Solar
Flares of 24th-25th February 1969
by H. F. van Beek and G. A. Stevens 508
Electron Density Observations During the PCA Event of 25 February 1969
by M. Jespersen, J. Troim, and B. Landmark 515
Rocket-Borne D-Region Probe Measurements
by J. Murdin and T. S. Bowling 520
Electron Density Measurements in the Thermal Plasma of the Magnetosphere
Using a Langmuir Probe
by R. Freeman, K. Norman, and A. P. Willmore 524
Ionospheric Measurements by the ESRO-I Satellite During the February 25th
1969 Solar Proton Event
by W. J. Raitt 535
ESRO-I Satellite Observations of 45-450 keV Electrons During the Period
24th February - 3rd March, 1969
by G. R. Thomas, P. A. Smith, and R. Dalziel 549
ESRO-I Measurements of Low-Energy Auroral Particles from February 23 to
March 2, 1969
by W. Riedler 557