Hartmut Koenitz Tonguc Ibrahim Sezen Gabriele Ferri Mads Haahr Digdem Sezen Güven Çatak (Eds.) 0 Interactive 3 2 8 S Storytelling C N L 6th International Conference, ICIDS 2013 Istanbul, Turkey, November 2013 Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8230 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Hartmut Koenitz Tonguc Ibrahim Sezen Gabriele Ferri Mads Haahr Digdem Sezen Güven Çatak (Eds.) Interactive Storytelling 6th International Conference, ICIDS 2013 Istanbul, Turkey, November 6-9, 2013 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors HartmutKoenitz UniversityofGeorgia,Athens,GA,USA E-mail:[email protected] TongucIbrahimSezen IstanbulBilgiUniversity,Eyub-Istanbul,Turkey E-mail:[email protected] GabrieleFerri IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,IN,USA E-mail:[email protected] MadsHaahr TrinityCollege,Dublin,Ireland E-mail:[email protected] DigdemSezen IstanbulUniversity,Beyazit-Istanbul,Turkey E-mail:[email protected] GüvenÇatak Bahçes¸ehirUniversity,Karaköy-Istanbul,Turkey E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-319-02755-5 e-ISBN978-3-319-02756-2 DOI10.1007/978-3-319-02756-2 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013950388 CRSubjectClassification(1998):J.5,K.8.0,H.5,H.3.4-5,H.3.7,I.2.1, I.2.11,H.4.0,K.3.1 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication incl.Internet/WebandHCI ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothe materialcontainedherein. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Interactive digital storytelling is not only an exciting and challenging field, but also a vibrant interdisciplinary research area. The main conference in this field is ICIDS, the International Conference for Interactive Digital Storytelling. This volume contains the papers presented at the sixth ICIDS held November 6–9, 2013,inIstanbul, Turkey.While formallyonly inits sixthyear,ICIDStracesits origins back more than a decade, with roots in several European conferences. ICIDSbringstogetherscholarsandpractitionersfromareassuchascomputer science, communication and digital media studies, game studies and literary studies. Few conferences encompass such a diverse community and, while this comes with its own set of challenges, it is also an immense strength that ideas andthinkingcanflowfreelybetweensuchvarieddisciplinesandresultinalively interdisciplinary dialogue. Thediversityintheresearchcommunityiscapturedinthelogoforthisyear’s conference:abridge,whoseelementssignifythedifferentacademicandpractical perspectivesfromarttocomputation.Thisisafittingrepresentationnotonlyfor ourmultidisciplinaryfieldbutalsoforaconferenceinIstanbul,acitythatbridges two worlds — Europe and Asia — both figuratively and literally in the form of the bridges over the Bosphorus. We continue the idea of symbolic bridging in the conference motto“Connecting Narrative Worlds,”which expresses our goal for this edition of ICIDS. With this year’s conference, we especially aimed to promote understanding and to provide a platform for discussionbetween game designers, researchersin artificial intelligence, transmedia producers, digital artists, narratologists, and digitalgame scholarsfromall aroundthe world.Withthis goalinmind, we pio- neered several additions to the conference, chiefly amongstthem a separate call for interactive narrative art works and demos, which is designed to strengthen the connection between deep thinking and cutting-edge practice. We also in- troduced a short workshop format to provide more room for the discussion of innovative topics. The keynote speakers appearing at ICIDS 2013 similarly reflect the diver- sity in disciplines and perspectives. We invited renowned artist and interactive pioneer Toni Dove, the interactive storytelling expert Ernest Adams, and the independent game developer Dan Pinchbeck. Sincetheearly1990s,ToniDovehasexpandedtraditionalnarrativesthrough the use of interactive components and immersive devices to explore multiple points of view. Her 1993 piece “Archaeology of a Mother Tongue”constitutes one of the first attempts to bridge the gap between a complex narrative and a virtual-reality environment, combining performance with immersive computer- based experiences. She continued this artistic explorationin the following years until“Lucid Possession,”a work premiered in early 2013. VI Preface Ernest Adams is a game design consultant, writer, and lecturer. He is the authorofFundamentals of Game Design and Game Mechanics: Advanced Game Design (with Joris Dormans) and was lead game designer at Bullfrog/EA. At theGameDevelopersConference2006,hepresentedatalktitled“ANewVision for Interactive Stories,”which contributed to shape the debate on games and narrative in the following years. Dan Pinchbeck is Reader at the University of Portsmouth,where he pursues his research on the significance of the relationships between gameplay, story- telling,andplayerpsychology.HeisalsocreativedirectorofTheChineseRoom, the gamedesignstudio responsibleforthe criticallyacclaimed“DearEsther”in- teractive narrative game, which won the Best World/Story award at IndieCade in 2009. Papersfrom25countriesasfarapartasAustraliaandKuwaitweresubmitted to ICIDS 2013, showing that the interest in our field is not only sustained but also universal. Out of those 51 submissions, 14 long papers were selected (for a 27.4% acceptance rate). Asinpreviousyears,thepaperssubmittedwereofextremelyhighqualityand of remarkablevariety in their theoreticalapproaches.While we are very pleased withsuchhigh-qualityworkbeing submitted, deciding the bestcontributionsto acceptwasadifficulttask.WeextendourgratitudetothemembersoftheICIDS ProgramCommittee, who thoroughly reviewed the submissions and upheld the high standards of the conference once more. Finally, we can only begin to express how grateful we are to this year’s hostinstitution,Bahc¸e¸sehirUniversityFacultyofCommunication,especiallythe Department of Communication Design, and Bahc¸e¸sehir University Game Lab (BUG). They bestowed an outstanding level of support and outright generosity on the conference. The researchers who attend ICIDS come from different worlds not only by virtue of their different disciplines; they also position themselves at different points on the theoretical-practicalspectrum and now also come from nearly ev- ery part of the globe. With such a richand complex community, the ability and willingness to keep building bridges and make connections is of crucial impor- tance.AsorganizersofICIDS2013,wewishtocelebratethediverseperspectives of scholars and practitioners in our community, but also highlight how impor- tant it is for the community to stay engaged in its global dialogue — across disciplines, across theory/practice, and across geographyand cultures. We need to keep building bridges and keep using them. Welcome to the proceedings of ICIDS 2013, Connecting Narrative Worlds. November 2013 Hartmut Koenitz Tonguc Ibrahim Sezen Gabriele Ferri Mads Haahr Digdem Sezen Gu¨ven C¸atak Organization Program Committee Fatos Adiloglu Bahcesehir University, Turkey Ruth Aylett Heriot-Watt University, UK Wolfgang Broll TU Illmenau, Germany Brunhild Bushoff Sagasnet Munich, Germany Marc Cavazza University of Teesside, UK Yun-Gyung Cheong IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Feride Cicekoglu Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey Dario Compagno Universit´e de Paris 8, France Patrick Coppock Universit`a di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy Chris Crawford Storytron, USA Mirjam Eladhari University of Malta, Malta Riccardo Fassone Universit`a di Torino, Italy Gabriele Ferri Indiana University, USA Michael Frantzis Goldsmiths College, UK Pablo Gerv´as Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Andrew Gordon ICT/USC, USA Stephan Gu¨nzel BerlinerTechnischeKunsthochschule,Germany Mads Haahr Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Ian Horswill Northwestern University, USA Ido Iurgel Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Germany Klaus Jantke Fraunhofer IDMT, Germany Noam Knoller University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Hartmut Koenitz University of Georgia, USA Petri Lankoski S¨oderto´rn University, Sweden Sandy Louchart Heriot-Watt University, UK Inderjeet Mani Yahoo! Labs, USA Kevin McGee National University of Singapore, Singapore Alex Mitchell National University of Singapore, Singapore Bradford Mott North Carolina State University, USA Janet Murray Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Frank Nack University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mark Nelson IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Valentina Nisi University of Madeira, Portugal Ian Oakley UNIST, Republic of Korea VIII Organization Santiago Ontan˜´on Drexel University, USA Peppino Ortoleva Universit`a di Torino, Italy Paolo Petta Austrian Research Institute for A.I., Austria David Roberts North Carolina State University, USA Remi Ronfard Inria, France Christian Roth University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Adam Russell wallFour, UK Marie-Laure Ryan University of Colorado, USA Mauro Salvador Universita` Cattolica Milano, Italy Henrik Schønau-Fog University of Aalborg, Denmark Magy Seifel-Nasr Northeastern University, USA Digdem Sezen Istanbul University, Turkey Tonguc¸ Sezen Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey Emily Short Linden Lab, USA Ulrike Spierling Hochschule Rhein-Main, Germany Kaoru Sumi Hakodate University, Japan Nicolas Szilas University of Geneva, Switzerland Joshua Tanenbaum Simon Fraser University, Canada Mari¨et Theune University of Twente, The Netherlands Emmett Tomai University of Texas - Pan American, USA Marian Ursu Goldsmiths College, UK Ugo Volli Universit`a di Torino, Italy Nelson Zagalo University of Minho, Portugal Jichen Zhu Drexel University, USA Alessandro Zinna Universit`e de Toulouse, France Additional Reviewers Adams, Matthew Dominguez, Ignacio Bae, Byung-Chull Harrison, Brent Ben-Arie, Udi Valls-Vargas, Josep Table of Contents Models, Theories and Vocabulary Modeling Foreshadowing in Narrative Comprehension for Sentimental Readers......................................................... 1 Byung-Chull Bae, Yun-Gyung Cheong, and Daniel Vella Narrative Intelligibility and Closure in Interactive Systems ............ 13 Luis Emilio Bruni and Sarune Baceviciute On Games and Links: Extending the Vocabulary of Agency and Immersion in Interactive Narratives ................................ 25 Stacey Mason The Visual Construction of Narrative Space in Video Games .......... 35 Altu˘g I¸sı˘gan Video Game Mise-En-Scene Remediation of Cinematic Codes in Video Games.......................................................... 45 Ivan Girina Mapping the Evolving Space of Interactive Digital Narrative - From Artifacts to Categorizations ....................................... 55 Hartmut Koenitz, Mads Haahr, Gabriele Ferri, Tonguc Ibrahim Sezen, and Digdem Sezen Conceptualizing Productive Interactivity in Emergent Narratives....... 61 Sebastian Hurup Bevensee and Henrik Schoenau-Fog Suitability of Modelling Context for Use within Emergent Narrative .... 65 John Truesdale, Sandy Louchart, Helen Hastie, and Ruth Aylett Applications and Authoring Tools Production and Delivery of Interactive Narratives Based on Video Snippets ........................................................ 71 Wolfgang Mu¨ller, Ulrike Spierling, and Claudia Stockhausen Telling Stories on the Go: Lessons from a Mobile Thematic Storytelling System ......................................................... 83 Alex Mitchell and Teong Leong Chuah Towards Automatic Story Clustering for Interactive Narrative Authoring....................................................... 95 Michal B´ıda, Martin Cˇern´y, and Cyril Brom X Table of Contents Breaking Points — A Continuously Developing Interactive Digital Narrative ....................................................... 107 Hartmut Koenitz, Tonguc Ibrahim Sezen, and Digdem Sezen The Role of Gender and Age on User Preferences in Narrative Experiences ..................................................... 114 Michael Garber-Barron and Mei Si Constructing and Connecting Storylines to Tell Museum Stories ....... 121 Paul Mulholland, Annika Wolff, Zdenek Zdrahal, Ning Li, and Joseph Corneli Night Shifts – An Interactive Documentary for the iPad .............. 125 Martin Zimper, Nico Lypitkas, Marc Lepetit, and Nina Thoenen SimDate3D – Level Two .......................................... 128 Michal B´ıda, Martin Cˇern´y, and Cyril Brom Analyses, Evaluation, and User Experience Reports Acting, Playing, or Talking about the Story: An Annotation Scheme for Communication during Interactive Digital Storytelling............. 132 Mari¨et Theune, Jeroen Linssen, and Thijs Alofs Performative Authoring: Nurturing Storytelling in Children through Imaginative Enactment ........................................... 144 Sharon Lynn Chu, Francis Quek, and Joshua Tanenbaum Player Perspectives to Unexplained Agency-Related Incoherence ....... 156 Miika Pirtola, Yun-Gyung Cheong, and Mark J. Nelson Breaching Interactive Storytelling’s Implicit Agreement: A Content Analysis of Facade User Behaviors ................................. 168 (cid:2) Christian Roth and Ivar Vermeulen Satire, Propaganda, Play, Storytelling. Notes on Critical Interactive Digital Narratives................................................ 174 Gabriele Ferri Silent Hill 2 and the Curious Case of Invisible Agency ................ 180 Sercan S¸engu¨n The Elements of a Narrative Environment: Exploring User Reactions in Relation to Game Elements ..................................... 186 Arne Grinder-Hansen and Henrik Schoenau-Fog