Interactions of surfactants with polymers and proteins PDF
Preview Interactions of surfactants with polymers and proteins
Interactions of Surfactants with Polymers and Proteins Editors E. D. Goddard Former, Corporate Research Fellow Union Carbide Corporation Tarrytown Technical Center Tarry town, New York K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan Unilever Research U.S. — Edge water Laboratory Edgewater, New Jersey Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business First published 1993 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Reissued 2018 by CRC Press © 1993 by CRC Press, Inc. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including pho- tocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Interactions of surfactants with polymers and proteins / editors E. D. Goddard, K.P. Ananthapadmanabhan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-6784-0 1. Polymer solutions. 2. Surface active agents. I. Goddard, E. D. (Errol Desmond), 1926- . II. Ananthapadmanabhan, Kavssery P., 1952- . QD381.9.S65P65 1992 547. 70454–dc20 92-27127 A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 92027127 Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89468-3 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07378-3 (ebk) Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com THE EDITORS Dr. E. D. Goddard received his B.S. and M.S. from Rhodes University, South Africa and his Ph.D. from Cambridge University, England, where he specialized in insoluble monolayer research. During tenure of a post-doctorate fellowship at the NRC in Ottawa he pioneered the field of direct measurements of the heat of micellization of surfactants and the notion that water structure effects provide the key explanation of the low heats observed. During his industrial career, split roughly equally between Unilever and Union Carbide, where he held the positions of Principal Scientist and Corporate Research Fellow, respectively. He continued work in surface chemistry, including stud- ies of surfactant interaction effects in monolayers, solution and anhydrous bulk phase; surfactants in foaming, detergency, wetting and flotation; foam control; the unique properties of silicone surfactants; and silane interactions with solid surfaces. The work for which he is perhaps best known has, however, over the last 2 decades been that on polymer/surfactant systems and he is regarded as a pioneer in this field, in particular of polyionlcharged surfactant systems as they pertain to phase and gelling behavior. He is chief contributor to this Monograph on Polymer/Surfactant Interactions. Dr. Goddard has published over 125 scientific papers, edited three books, authored 25 U.S. patents and is a founding editor of the journal Colloids and Surfaces. He has been a frequent contributor at domestic and international meetings on surfactants and polymers; has held several positions, including that of chairman, in the Colloid and Surface Chemistry Division of the Amer- ican Chemical Society; and he is a former Chairman of the Gordon Conference on Chemistry at Interfaces. As a member of the American Oil Chemists' Society he was a co-winner in successive years, 1979 and 1980, of the Soap and Detergent Association best paper award in the category of soaps, detergents and cosmetics. Dr. K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan (Ananth) received his B. Tech. ( 1974) degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, and his M.S. (1976) and D. Eng. Sci. (1980) in Surface Chemistry and Mineral Processing from Columbia University, New York. From 1980 to 1982, he was a Research Associate and from 1982 to 1983 an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Columbia University. While at Columbia, Dr. Ananth was involved in a number research projects including solution chemistry of surfactants and its role in adsorption at interfaces, mineral-solution equilibria, polymer-surfactant interactions, flo- tation/flocculation separation of minerals and enhanced oil recovery by mi- cellar flooding. During 1983 to 1990, Dr. Ananthapadmanabhan was a member of the Surface Chemistry Skill Center at the Tarrytown Technical Center of Union Carbide Corporation. His research work at Carbide included biological and other novel separations using aqueous two phase systems, lubrication and polymer-surfactant interactions. Dr. Ananthapadmanabhan is currently a group leader with Unilever Re- search U.S. in Edgewater, New Jersey. His current research activities include interaction of surfactants with polymers and proteins, surfactant-skin inter- actions, polymer adsorption and bacterial adhesion. Dr. Ananthapadmanabhan has published over 50 papers and has 10 U.S. patents. He is a member of the ACS and the SME/ AIME (Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration). He was a co-recipient, in 1986, of the Taggart A ward from SME for a technical paper on solution chemistry of mineral separation by flotation. CONTRIBUTORS K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan Ulrich P. Strauss Senior Group Leader, Polymer Professor Emeritus Science Department of Chemistry Unilever Research U.S. - Rutgers University Edgewater Laboratory New Brunswick, New Jersey Edgewater, New Jersey Kyrre Thalberg Eric Dickinson Doctor, Research Engineer Professor of Food Colloids Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Procter Department of Food Center Sciences Lund University University of Leeds Lund, Sweden Leeds, United Kingdom E. D. Goddard Matthew Tirrell Former, Corporate Research Fellow Professor Union Carbide Corporation Department of Chemical Tarrytown Technical Center Engineering and Materials Science Tarrytown, New York University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Bjorn Lindman Professor Fran~oise M. Winnik Physical Chemistry 1, Chemical Xerox Research Centre of Canada Center Mississauga Ontario Lund University Canada Lund, Sweden TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 E. D. Goddard Chapter 2 Surfactant Solutions: Adsorption and Aggregation Properties .............. 5 K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Polymer Solutions ...................................... 59 Matthew Tirrell Chapter 4 Polymer-Surfactant Interaction Part I: Uncharged Water-Soluble Polymers and Charged Surfactant ..... 123 E. D. Goddard Part II: Polymer and Surfactant of Opposite Charge ..................... 171 E. D. Goddard Chapter 5 Polymer-Surfactant Interactions - Recent Developments ............... 203 Bjorn Lindman and Kyrre Thalberg Chapter 6 Hydrophobe-Modified Polymers ......................................... 277 Ulrich P. Strauss Chapter 7 Proteins in Solution and at Interfaces .................................... 295 Eric Dickinson Chapter 8 Protein-Surfactant Interactions ........................................... 319 K. P. Ananthapadmanabhan Chapter 9 Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to the Study of Polymer-Surfactant Interactions ......................................... 367 Fran~oise M. Winnik Chapter 10 Applications of Polymer-Surfactant Systems ............................ 395 E. D. Goddard Index .................................................................... 415 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION E. D. Goddard Two areas of active and continuing research are concerned with the phys- ical chemistry of aqueous surfactant solutions and of aqueous polymer so- lutions. Both aforementioned solute species have unique properties and it is not surprising that their mixed solutions can reveal rather unusual interaction effects. Historically, interest in the properties of mixtures of polymers and surfactants in aqueous solution is quite old. The formation and existence of lipoprotein aggregates in biological fluids were, for example, well recognized in the early part of this century.1 Likewise, in the foods, cosmetics, and other industrial sectors, e.g., mineral processing, it has long been appreciated that interesting and unusual effects can be obtained by employing mixtures of surfactants and polymers. The foundations oftoday's activities on mixed polymer/surfactant systems were laid in work carried out in two separate areas. The first, in the 1940s and 1950s, involved protein (and, to a lesser extent, acidic polysaccharide)/ synthetic ionic surfactant pairs. In these, the importance of electrical forces of attraction was easy to recognize, the interaction was generally referred to as "binding" of the charged surfactant by the macromolecule, and an aware- ness of changes in the conformation of protein molecules during the binding process was developed. The second, in the 1950s and 1960s, involved water- soluble synthetic polymers which were uncharged and surfactants which were again charged. Though the sites for binding the surfactant molecules on such polymers were less easy to identify, the notion of "binding" of the former persisted in this case also. It should be pointed out that interest in charged pairs has again developed in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, in systems in which the polyelectrolyte is either synthetic or natural, including various acidic and basic polypeptides. Five years ago this author prepared a review2•3 of the field of polymer/ surfactant research covering the previous two decades of activity. In this compilation the investigative methods employed and the factors influencing the associative reactions were reviewed in detail, and an overview of extant theories of complex formation was offered. Two reasons have prompted the undertaking of the present larger review. The first is that there has been a significant increase in research activity in this field in the last five years and it has seemed desirable to broaden the previous compilation to include an account of these recent developments. The second reason concerns the de- cision, in the interest of limiting the length of the 1986 review, to omit the important field of protein/surfactant interactions. For the present compilation 0-8493-6784-0/931$0.00 +$.50 1 © 1993 by CRC Press, Inc.
The list of books you might like
