Interactions of Nanomaterials 1 0 0 w 0.f with Emerging Environmental 5 1 1 3- 1 0 Contaminants 2 k- b 1/ 2 0 1 0. 1 oi: d 3 | 1 0 2 9, 2 er b o ct O b): e W e ( at D n o ati c bli u P In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. 1 0 0 w 0.f 5 1 1 3- 1 0 2 k- b 1/ 2 0 1 0. 1 oi: d 3 | 1 0 2 9, 2 er b o ct O b): e W e ( at D n o ati c bli u P In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. 1150 ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants 1 0 0 w Ruey-an Doong, Editor 0.f 15 National Tsing Hua University 1 13- Hsinchu, Taiwan 0 2 k- b 1/ Virender K. Sharma, Editor 2 0 0.1 Florida Institute of Technology 1 oi: Melbourne, Florida, United States d 3 | 01 Hyunook Kim, Editor 2 29, University of Seoul er b Seoul, Republic of Korea o ct O b): e W e ( at D n atio Sponsored by the c bli ACSDivisionofEnvironmentalChemistry u P AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Interactionsofnanomaterialswithemergingenvironmentalcontaminants/Ruey-anDoong, editor,NationalTsingHuaUniversity,Hsinchu,Taiwan,VirenderK.Sharma,editor,Florida InstituteofTechnology,Melbourne,Florida,UnitedStates,HyunookKim, editor,UniversityofSeoul,Seoul,RepublicofKorea;sponsoredbytheACSDivisionof EnvironmentalChemistry. 1 0 pagescm-- (ACSsymposiumseries;1150) 0 w Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 50.f ISBN978-0-8412-2916-7(alk.paper) 1 1 1. Pollutioncontrolequipment--Materials--Congresses.2. Catalysts--Congresses.3. 13- Nanostructuredmaterials--Industrialapplications--Congresses.4. Nanostructured 0 2 materials--Environmentalaspects--Congresses.5. Pollution--Congresses. I.Doong, k- b Ruey-an.II.Sharma,VirenderK.III.Kim,Hyunook.IV.AmericanChemicalSociety. 1/ 2 DivisionofEnvironmentalChemistry. 0 0.1 TD192.3.I582013 doi: 1 620.1’159--dc23 2013039591 3 | 1 0 2 9, 2 ber ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNational o ct Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, O b): ANSIZ39.48n1984. e W Copyright©2013AmericanChemicalSociety e ( Dat DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress n o ati AllRightsReserved. ReprographiccopyingbeyondthatpermittedbySections107or108 c bli oftheU.S.CopyrightActisallowedforinternaluseonly,providedthataper-chapterfeeof Pu $40.25plus$0.75perpageispaidtotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Republicationorreproductionforsaleofpagesinthis bookispermittedonlyunderlicensefromACS.Directtheseandotherpermissionrequests toACSCopyrightOffice,PublicationsDivision,115516thStreet,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036. Thecitationoftradenamesand/ornamesofmanufacturersinthispublicationisnottobe construedasanendorsementorasapprovalbyACSofthecommercialproductsorservices referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemicalprocess, orotherdataberegardedasalicenseorasaconveyanceofanyright or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce,use,orsellanypatentedinventionorcopyrightedworkthatmayinanywaybe relatedthereto. Registerednames,trademarks,etc.,usedinthispublication,evenwithout specificindicationthereof,arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw. PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. Foreword The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare 01 developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of 0 w keeninteresttothechemistryaudience. 0.f 5 1 1 Beforeagreeingtopublishabook,theproposedtableofcontentsisreviewed 3- 1 forappropriateandcomprehensivecoverageandforinteresttotheaudience. Some 0 2 k- papersmaybeexcludedtobetterfocusthebook;othersmaybeaddedtoprovide b 1/ comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are 2 0 1 added. Draftsofchaptersarepeer-reviewedpriortofinalacceptanceorrejection, 0. oi: 1 andmanuscriptsarepreparedincamera-readyformat. d 3 | As a rule, only original research papers and original review papers are 1 20 included in the volumes. Verbatim reproductions of previous published papers 29, arenotaccepted. er b o ct O eb): ACSBooksDepartment W e ( at D n o ati c bli u P In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. Preface Emerging environmental contaminants are newly identified or previously unrecognized pollutants, which primarily include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and personal-care products, surfactants, plasticizers, flame retardants, metals and metalloids, various industrial additives, pesticides, and 1 pesticidemetabolites. Theuseofnovelnanomaterialswithuniquecharacteristics 0 0 pr hasbeendemonstratedtoincreasetheremovalefficiencyofemergingpollutants, 0. 5 whichprovidesapromisingstrategytocontrolthedistributionofenvironmental 1 1 3- contaminants. In addition, nanomaterials also can serve as ideal platforms for 1 20 precise and accurate detection and sensing of emerging contaminants in the bk- environmentandbiologicalfluids;thisisbecauseoftheirnovelcharacteristicson 1/ 2 opticalandelectrochemicalproperties. Theinteractiveresearchofnanomaterials 0 1 0. with emerging environmental contaminants will improve our understanding of 1 oi: theimplicationandapplicationofnanomaterialsintheenvironment. d 3 | This book is derived from the symposium “Interactions of Nanomaterials 01 withEmergingEnvironmentalContaminants”atthe244thACSNationalMeeting 2 9, in Philadelphia during the fall of 2012 sponsored by the American Chemical 2 er Society (ACS) Division of Environmental Chemistry. Many topics addressing b cto issues of interaction of emerging environmental pollutants with nanomaterials O b): (including physical, photochemical, and biological interactions) were presented e inthissymposium,andtheyconstitutethemaincontentofthisbook. W e ( This book contains 12 peer-reviewed chapters that cover various aspects of Dat interaction of various nanomaterials with environmental contaminants. These on chapterscanbeorganizedintotwomajorsections: (I)interactionofnanomaterials cati with biomolecules for biosensing and detection of contaminants (Chapter 1-4) ubli and (II) interaction of nanomaterials with contaminants to enhance the removal P efficiency and rate of emerging pollutants (Chapter 5-12). Chapter 1 by Ren, Zang, Qie, and Baker provides an overview of the adjuvant effect of emerging nanomaterials. The nanoparticles can serve as drug delivery to deliver antigens to species targets. In contrast, ambient nanoparticles exhibit adverse effect on human and ecological health. To address the accurate and precise detection of environmental contaminants in the environment (as well as in the human body), Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 have developed photoluminescent gold nanomaterials — including gold nanoparticles and gold nanodots — for the monitoring and detection of metal ions, proteins, and bacteria in an aquatic ecosystem. In Chapter 2, Unnikrishnan and Huang have synthesized luminescent core-shell Au nanodots using different kinds of capping ligands (including alkanethiols, proteins, DNA, thiol derived carbohydrates, and aptamers) as the shell layer for detection and determination of mercury ions, proteins, and E. coli. Chang and ix In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. histeam(Chapter3)havedevelopedseveralfunctionalAunanoparticlesandAu nanodot-basedsensorsthatallowthesensitiveandselectivedetectionofmercury, lead, and copper ions through analytes induced changes in colors, absorption, and fluorescence. In addition, a biosensing system (AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors immobilized with antibodies) is developed by Wang and his team (Chapter 4) to effectively detect a short peptide only containing 20 amino acids,whichopensadoorforinvestigationintonanomaterialswithbiomolecules. Theapplicationsofnanomaterialsforvariousreactions(includingadsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and reductive dechlorination) are also addressed. Huang,Padhye,andWang(Chapter5)describethegenerationofN-nitrosamines fromtransformationofaminescatalyzedbyactivatedcarbons. Thisinteractionis important because activated carbon and amine are often used in water treatment plants. In Chapter 6, Du and Jing explore the dynamic adsorption process of 1 0 0 propranolol at the TiO /water interface on the molecular level. In addition to pr 2 50. adsorption behavior, Hung and his colleagues (Chapter 7) combine TiO2 and 1 1 carbon nanotubes to adsorb and look at the photocatalytic decomposition of 3- 1 bisphenol A, which is an endocrine disrupting chemical widely existing in the 0 2 k- environment. b 1/ Iron-basednanomaterialsareeffectivecatalystsfortheremovalofemerging 2 0 1 pollutants in the environment. Ren, Han, Al Anazi, Nadagouda, and Dionysiou 0. doi: 1 f(oCrhaepntevriro8n)mednistaclussremtheediaatpiopnlica—tionincolfudidnigfferweantterirotrne-abtamseendt,nagnrooumnadtweraiatelsr 13 | remediation, and soil decontamination. Ferrate, ferrites, and TiO2-composite 0 9, 2 magnetic iron oxides are used for the removal of contaminants of emerging er 2 pollutants. Inadditiontoironoxidecatalysts,zerovalentmetalsarealsocommon b nanomaterials widely used for reduction of emerging pollutants. Su, Tso, Peng, o Oct andShih(Chapter9)haveusednanoscalezerovalentiron(nZVI)andbimetallic b): Pd/Fe as the dual functional tools for adsorption and reduction of aromatic e W contaminants (including decabrominated diphenyl ether, hexachlorobenzene, ate ( penrachlorophenol,andCongored). Thecombinationofbiologicalorsequential D n Fenton treatment on the mineralization of some emerging contaminants is also o ati evaluated in this chapter. In Chapter 10, McPherson, Goltz, and Agrawal c bli summarizetheroleofpolyelectrolytestabilizationandcatalyticmetalmodification u P intheenhancedperformanceofnZVI.Theadditionofpolyelectrolytestabilizers to nZVI decreases particle agglomeration and reduces particle size — resulting in the increase in reactivity and transport in porous media. The modification of nZVI with Pd and Ni for the enhancement of reactivity is also summarized and discussed. In addition, three field studies using Pd-nZVI for the remediation of chlorinated compounds in groundwater are introduced. Sharma, Siskova, and Zboril (Chapter 11) review the recent development of nanoscale zerovalent iron andmagneticbimetallicFe/Agnanoparticleswithcore-shellstructures. Theyalso show the usefulness of these nanomaterials on nutrient removal, transformation of halogenated aromatic contaminants, and antimicrobial activity. In addition to zerovalentiron,LeeandDoong(Chapter12)havedemonstratedthefeasibilityof usinganotherenvironmentallyfriendlymetaltoremovechlorinatedcompounds. In this chapter, the authors review and discuss the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons and emerging pollutants by zerovalent silicon and x In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. bimetallic Fe/Si and Ni/Si. More importantly, they demonstrate the synergistic effectofnickelionsandpolyethyleneglycolonthedechlorinationrate. The understanding of interaction of emerging contaminant with various nanomaterialsisessentialtoexploringtheapplicationsofnanotechnologyinthe environment. We hope that this collection will benefit graduate students who areengagedinresearchanddevelopmentintheadvancementofnanotechnology and environmental science and technology. We wish to thank Anne Brenner and Timothy Marney of the editorial department of ACS for their assistance in preparingthisvolumeandforkeepingusonschedule. Ruey-anDoong DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringandEnvironmentalSciences 1 0 0 NationalTsingHuaUniversity pr 0. 101,Sec. 2,KuangFuRoad 5 1 1 Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan 3- 1 [email protected](e-mail) 0 2 k- b 1/ 2 0 1 VirenderK.Sharma 0. doi: 1 CFlhoermidiastIrnystDiteuptearotmfTeencthnology 13 | 150WestUniversityBoulevard 0 9, 2 Melbourne,Florida32901,UnitedStates er 2 [email protected](e-mail) b o ct O b): HyunookKim e W DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering ate ( UniversityofSeoul D n Seoul, RepublicofKorea o ati [email protected](e-mail) c bli u P xi In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. Editors’ Biographies Ruey-an Doong Ruey-anDoongreceivedhisPh.D.inEnvironmentalEngineeringatNational TaiwanUniversityin1992. HeisafullprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences at National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. Currently, Prof. Doong is the Dean of the College of Nuclear Science 1 0 at National Tsing Hua University. He is also serving as an editorial member of 0 ot several reputed journals such as Sustainable Environmental Research, Journal 0. 15 of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, and Journal of Environmental Chemical 1 3- Engineering. He has authored more than 200 journal articles, book chapters, 1 0 2 and proceedings. He was honored as a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt k- 1/b FoundationofGermanyin2000. 2 0 1 0. 1 oi: Virender K. Sharma d 3 | Virender K. Sharma received his Ph.D. in Marine and Atmospheric 1 0 2 Chemistry at the University of Miami after graduating from the Indian Institute 9, 2 of Technology in New Delhi, India with a Master’s degree in Technology. He ber is currently a director of the Center of Ferrate Excellence and a professor of o Oct chemistry at Florida Institute of Technology. He was a visiting research scholar b): at Stanford University under the advisory of Professor Ed Solomon and won e W both the Florida Tech Faculty of the Year Award and the ACS Orlando Section e ( Outstanding Chemist Award in 2008. He is highly active in pursuing chemistry at D n and environmental applications of high-valent iron species. His other interests o ati includenanoparticlesinaquaticenvironmentsandinremediationofcontaminated c bli water. He has published more than 270 journal articles, book chapters, and u P proceedings. The books that he has authored and edited include Ferrates: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment and Sustainable Nanotechnology and the Environment: Advances and Achievements (publishedbyOxfordUniversityPress). Hyunook Kim HyunookKimisaProfessorofEnvironmentalEngineeringattheUniversity ofSeoulinKoreaandtheDirectoroftheR&DCenterofCoreTechnologiesfor WaterTreatment. ProfessorKimearnedhisB.S.degreeinEnvironmentalScience from Yonsei University in Korea in 1994, an M.S. degree in Environmental Engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1997, and a Ph.D. from The UniversityofMarylandatCollegeParkin2000. Beforehejoinedthefacultyat ©2013AmericanChemicalSociety In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013. the University of Seoul in 2002, he worked as Environmental Engineer for the U.S.Dept. ofAgriculture(MD,USA). Professor Kim’s research in the area of water pollution control includes a numberofprojectsonprocesscontrolandtheoperationofwaterandwastewater treatment plants. He is especially interested in monitoring and control of contaminantsofemergingconcern. Hehaswrittennumerousjournalpapersand conference presentations. He has served as Associate Editor of Chemosphere since2007andasanEditorialBoardmemberofCriticalReviewinEnvironmental ScienceandTechnologysince2012. 1 0 0 ot 0. 5 1 1 3- 1 0 2 k- b 1/ 2 0 1 0. 1 oi: d 3 | 1 0 2 9, 2 er b o ct O b): e W e ( at D n o ati c bli u P 234 In Interactions of Nanomaterials with Emerging Environmental Contaminants; Doong, R., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2013.