Intensive Care PDF
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I ntensive Care I ntensive Care Edited by ERIC SH ER WOOO JON ES Whiston Hospital, Prescot, Merseyside ~ MTPPR LlMITED'LANCASfER'ENGLAND International Medical ?ubli her Published by MTP Press Limited Falcon House Lancaster, England Copyright © 1982 MTP Press Limited Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1982 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Intensive care. 1. Critical care medicine. I. Sherwood Jones, Eric 616' .028 RC86.7 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7315-2 e-ISBN -13: 978-94-009-7313-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-7313-8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers. Phototypesetting by Georgia Origination, Liverpool Printed by Butler & Tanner Limited, Frome and London Contents Preface Vll Contributors IX Acknowledgements XI Intravenous feeding HARRY LEE 2 Immunology 31 BOB PARKES 3 Microbial infection 47 STEPHEN ATHERTON AND DAVID WHITE 4 Coagulopathies 78 BARBARA BAIN 5 Shock 114 WILLIAM SCHUMER 6 Blood transfusion 129 BARBARA BAIN 7 Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 142 PAUL LAWLER 8 Respiratory distress syndrome of shock and trauma 179 JAMES HOLCROFT AND WILLIAM BLAISDELL 9 Head injuries 192 BRYAN JENNETT v INTENSIVE CARE 10 The brain dead kidney donor: from death to donation 215 ANDREW LUKSZA 11 Chest injuries 232 MALCOLM WRIGHT 12 Spinal cord injuries 253 BILL DAVIES 13 Acute myocardial infarction 282 THOMAS PORTS, DAVID HESS AND KANU CHATTERJEE 14 Acute poisoning 324 NOEL WRIGHT 15 Guillain-Barre syndrome 357 HENNING SUND KRISTENSEN 16 Tetanus 366 ROBERT EDMONDSON, MARY COOKE AND MICHAEL FLOWERS 17 Botulism 388 PETER BALL AND ROWLAND HOPKINSON 18 The recovery room 400 JOHN FARMAN 19 Training the nurse: UK style 432 PAT ASHWORTH 20 Teaching the medical undergraduate 444 MAURICE RAPIN AND JEAN-ROGER LE GALL Index 449 vi Preface A comprehensive text of intensive care would readily fill the equivalent of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. This is because the diseases treated are both numerous and varied; thus the patient can be medical, surgical, trauma or obstetric. It follows that the sum total of knowledge which needs to be available is truly encyclopaedic. This compact volume represents only a fragment of such information. The contributors were chosen because of their experience and because their methods were well-tried. The text therefore summarizes the best of current therapy and includes the controversial. The contributors come from four countries, adding an international flavour. One topic - The Recovery Room - outside the confines of intensive care has been included for two reasons. The recovery room is an important but neglected aspect of care, and it also seems important to define its relationships with the intensive care unit. It is hoped that the book will help the nurses and doctors involved in intensive care and, therefore, the patient. ERIC SHERWOOD JONES Vll Contributors P.M. ASHWORTH K. CHATTERJEE Department of N •. using Medicine Cardiology Division University of Manchester University of California San Stop ford Building Francisco Oxford Road Cardiovascular Research Institute Manchester M 13 9PT, UK Moffitt Hospital Rm. 1186 San Francisco California 94143, USA S. T. ATHERTON Intensive Care Unit Whiston Hospital E.M. COOKE Prescot Department of Microbiology Merseyside, UK University of Leeds Leeds LS2 91Z, UK B.J. BAIN Department of Haematology W.E. DAVIES St Mary's Hospital Medical School Spinal Injuries Unit Praed Street Princess Alexandra Hospital London W2 I PG, UK Ipswich Road Brisbane Queensland A.P. BALL Australia 4102 Infectious Diseases Unit Cameron Hospital Windygates R. S. EDMONDSON Fife, KY8 5RR, UK Department of Anaesthesia Leeds General Infirmary Leeds LSI 3EX, UK F. W. BLAISDELL Department of Surgery University of California J. V. FARMAN Davis Medical Center Department of Anaesthesia and 4301 X Street, Rm. 257 Intensive Care Unit Sacramento Addenbrooke's Hospital CA 95817, USA Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK viii CONTRIBUTORS M. W. FLOWERS H.A.LEE Accident and Emergency Department Department of Renal and Metabolic Leeds General Infirmary Medicine Leeds LSI 3EX, UK University of Southampton St Mary's Hospital Portsmouth D.S. HESS Hants P03 6AD, UK Medicine Cardiology Division University of California San Francisco J.-R. LE GALL Cardiovascular Research Institute Service de Reanimation medicale Moffitt Hospital Rm. 1186 H6pital Henri Mondor San Francisco 94010 Creteil California 94143, USA France J. W. HOLCROFT A.R. LUKSZA Department of Surgery Intensive Care Unit University of California Whiston Hospital Davis Medical Center Prescot 4301 X Street, Rm. 257 Merseyside L35 5DR, UK Sacramento CA 95817, USA R.P.F. PARKES Intensive Care Unit R. B. HOPKINSON Princess Alexandra Hospital Intensive Therapy Unit Ipswich Road East Birmingham Hospital Brisbane 4102 Birmingham B9 5ST, UK Queensland Australia W.B. JENNETT Southern General Hospital T.A. PORTS Glasgow GSI 4TF, UK Medicine and Cardiology Division University of California San Francisco H. S. KRISTENSEN Cardiovascular Research Institute Departments of Infectious Diseases Moffitt Hospital Rm. 1186 and Anaesthesia San Francisco Rigshospitalet - University Hospital California 94143, USA 18 Tagensvej DK 2200 Copenhagen Denmark M. RAPIN Service de Reanimation medicale H6pital Henri Mondor P.G.P. LAWLER 94010 Creteil Intensive Therapy Unit France South Cleveland Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough Cleveland TS3 4BW, UK IX INTENSIVE CARE W. SCHUMER D.M. WRIGHT Department of Surgery Intensive Care Unit University Health Science Princess Alexandra Hospital The Chicago Medical School at VA Ipswich Road Medical Center Brisbane 4102 North Chicago Australia IL 60064, USA N. WRIGHT D.J. WHITE Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre Bacteriology Department Dudley Road Hospital Whiston Hospital Dudley Road Prescot Birmingham BI8 7QH, UK Merseyside, UK x Acknowledgements Portions of Chapter 5, including Figure 5.1, are reproduced with permission from the following journals: Comprehensive Therapy, Journal of the American Medical Association, and Surgery. In Chapter 8 Figure 8.1 is reproduced with permission from Surgical Forum. In the recruiting of contributors the editor was helped by Dr Brian Davis, Dr Malcolm Wright and Professor lain Ledingham. The edited version was typed by Miss Frances Twist, and help with the references was given by the Librarian of the Liverpool Medical Institution. xi
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