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Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 352 Grzegorz Sierpiński Editor Intelligent Solutions for Cities and Mobility of the Future Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Volume 352 Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Advisory Editors Fernando Gomide, Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering—FEEC,UniversityofCampinas— UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil Okyay Kaynak, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Derong Liu, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Witold Pedrycz, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada; Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Marios M. Polycarpou, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOSResearchCenterforIntelligentSystemsandNetworks,UniversityofCyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Imre J. Rudas, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary Jun Wang, Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developmentsinNetworksandSystems—quickly,informallyandwithhighquality. Originalresearchreportedin proceedings andpost-proceedings represents thecore ofLNNS. VolumespublishedinLNNSembraceallaspectsandsubfieldsof,aswellasnew challenges in, Networks and Systems. The series contains proceedings and edited volumes in systems and networks, spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics,SocialSystems,EconomicSystemsandother.Ofparticularvaluetoboth the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. Theseriescoversthetheory,applications,andperspectivesonthestateoftheart andfuturedevelopmentsrelevanttosystemsandnetworks,decisionmaking,control, complex processes and related areas, as embedded in the fields of interdisciplinary andappliedsciences,engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,social,and lifesciences,aswellastheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15179 ń Grzegorz Sierpi ski Editor Intelligent Solutions for Cities and Mobility of the Future 123 Editor Grzegorz Sierpiński Department ofTransport Systems, TrafficEngineering andLogistics Silesian University of Technology Gliwice, Poland ISSN 2367-3370 ISSN 2367-3389 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Networks andSystems ISBN978-3-030-91155-3 ISBN978-3-030-91156-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91156-0 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Solutions addressed to cities and their inhabitants should maximize the quality of life while reducing the negative impact on the environment. Technological and spatial development is constantly bringing new opportunities, also in the field of mobility. Identification of real needs requires the use of modern solutions in the field of acquiring as well as advanced tools for data analysis. This knowledge can then be used to improve the planning and organization of traffic flows. Thispublicationcontainsselectedpaperssubmittedtoandpresentedatthe17th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference organized by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology (Katowice, Poland). The problems addressed in the publicationentitledIntelligentSolutionsforCitiesandMobilityoftheFuturehave been divided into four parts: (cid:129) Part 1. Usefulness of new forms of mobility, (cid:129) Part 2. Use of ITS data in planning and organization of traffic flows, (cid:129) Part 3. Intelligent and integrated transport systems (cid:129) Part 4. Improving the efficiency of ecological friendly solutions in transport systems. The articles included in the publication are expressions of case study-based scientific and practical approach to the problems of contemporary transport systems. The authors drew attention to changes in transport processes resulting from many aspects,including technologicaldevelopment, shaping theneeds oftravelers orasudden reductionintravelcaused bythepandemicphenomenon. Forallthese situations,thereisaneedtousemodernsolutions,oftenrequiringhighdynamicsin traffic planning and management. The publication also includes an abundance of numerical analyses based on significant data sets, illustrating the close affiliation between intelligent solutions and future mobility. v vi Preface Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetoallauthors,forreflectingthekey problems of contemporary transport systems in a concise manner, as well as to reviewers,inrecognitionoftheirinsightfulremarksandsuggestionswithoutwhich this collection of papers would have never been published. September 2021 Grzegorz Sierpiński Organization 17th Scientific and Technical Conference “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice”(TSTP2021)isorganizedbytheDepartmentofTransportSystems,Traffic EngineeringandLogistics,FacultyofTransportandAviationEngineering,Silesian University of Technology (Poland). Organizing Committee Organizing Chair Grzegorz Sierpiński Silesian University of Technology, Poland Members Grzegorz Karoń Silesian University of Technology, Poland Marcin Staniek Silesian University of Technology, Poland Ireneusz Celiński Silesian University of Technology, Poland Marcin J. Kłos Silesian University of Technology, Poland Barbara Borówka Silesian University of Technology, Poland Adrian Barchański Silesian University of Technology, Poland Agata Kurek Silesian University of Technology, Poland Piotr Soczówka Silesian University of Technology, Poland The Conference took place under the Honorary Patronage Ministry of Infrastructure Marshal of the Silesian Voivodeship Committee on Transport of Polish Academy of Sciences vii viii Organization Scientific Committee Grzegorz Sierpiński Silesian University of Technology, Poland (Co-chair) Elżbieta Macioszek Silesian University of Technology, Poland (Co-chair) Rahmi Akçelik SIDRA SOLUTIONS, Australia Tomasz Ambroziak Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Henryk Bałuch The Railway Institute, Poland Werner Brilon Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany Jacek Chmielewski Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Poland Margarida Coelho University of Aveiro, Portugal Csaba Csiszár Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Boris Davydov Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia Mehmet Dikmen Baskent University, Turkey Domokos Esztergár-Kiss Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Zoltán Fazekas Institute for Computer Science and Control, Hungary József Gál University of Szeged, Hungary Anna Granà University of Palermo, Italy Andrzej S. Grzelakowski Gdynia Maritime University, Poland Mehmet Serdar Güzel Ankara University, Turkey Józef Hansel AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland Libor Ižvolt University of Zilina, Slovakia Marianna Jacyna Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Ilona Jacyna-Gołda Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Nan Kang Tokyo University of Science, Japan Jan Kempa University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland Michael Koniordos Pireaus University of Applied Sciences, Greece Stanisław Krawiec Silesian University of Technology, Poland Bogusław Łazarz Silesian University of Technology, Poland Zbigniew Łukasik Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom Michal Maciejewski Technical University Berlin, Germany Ján Mandula Technical University of Košice, Slovakia Antonio Masegosa IKERBASQUE Research Fellow at University of Deusto Bilbao, Spain Agnieszka Poznań University of Technology, Poland Merkisz-Guranowska Organization ix Anna Mężyk Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom Maria Michałowska University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Leszek Mindur International School of Logistic and Transport in Wrocław, Poland Maciej Mindur Lublin University of Technology, Poland Goran Mladenović University of Belgrade, Serbia Kai Nagel Technical University Berlin, Germany Piotr Niedzielski University of Szczecin, Poland Piotr Olszewski Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Enrique Onieva Deusto Institute of Technology University of Deusto Bilbao, Spain Asier Perallos Deusto Institute of Technology University of Deusto Bilbao, Spain Hrvoje Pilko CityofZagreb,DepartmentofTransport,Croatia Antonio Pratelli University of Pisa, Italy Dariusz Pyza Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Cesar Queiroz World Bank Consultant (Former World Bank Highways Adviser), Washington, D.C., USA Andrzej Rudnicki Cracow University of Technology, Poland František Schlosser University of Žilina, Slovakia Jacek Skorupski Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Aleksander Sładkowski Silesian University of Technology, Poland Wiesław Starowicz Cracow University of Technology, Poland Andrzej Szarata Cracow University of Technology, Poland Antoni Szydło Wrocław University of Technology, Poland Grzegorz Ślaski Poznań University of Technology, Poland Paweł Śniady Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland Andrew P. Tarko Purdue University West Lafayette, USA Agnieszka Tubis Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland Frane Urem Polytechnic of Šibenik, Croatia Hua-lan Wang School of Traffic and Transportation, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China Mariusz Wasiak Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Adam Weintrit Gdynia Maritime University, Poland Andrzej Więckowski AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland Katarzyna Węgrzyn - Wolska Engineering School of Digital Science, Villejuif, France Adam Wolski Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland Olgierd Wyszomirski University of Gdańsk, Poland