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Intelligent nanomaterials PDF

589 Pages·2017·7.297 MB·English
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Intelligent Nanomaterials Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106 Advanced Materials Series The Advanced Materials Series provides recent advancements of the fascinating field of advanced materials science and technology, particularly in the area of structure, synthesis and processing, characterization, advanced-state properties, and applications. The volumes will cover theoretical and experimental approaches of molecular device materials, biomimetic materials, hybrid-type composite materials, functionalized polymers, supramolecular systems, information- and energy-transfer materials, biobased and biodegradable or environmental friendly materials. Each volume will be devoted to one broad subject and the multidisciplinary aspects will be drawn out in full. Series Editor: Ashutosh Tiwari Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Managing Editors: Sachin Mishra and Sophie Thompson Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected]) Intelligent Nanomaterials Second edition Edited by Ashutosh Tiwari, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Hisatoshi Kobayashi and Anthony P. F. Turner Copyright © 2017 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing LLC, Beverly, Massachusetts. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or other wise, except as permit- ted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior writ- ten permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchant- ability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representa- tives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to spe- cial, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. For more information about Scrivener products please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com. Cover design by Russell Richardson Library of Congr ess Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN 978-1-119-24248-2 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface xvii Part 1 Nanomaterials, Fabrication and Biomedical Applications 1 Electrospinning Materials for Skin Tissue Engineering 3 Beste Kinikoglu 1.1 Skin Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 4 1.1.1 Materials Used in Skin Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 5 1.1.1.1 Natural Scaffolds 6 1.1.1.2 Synthetic Scaffolds 7 1.1.2 Scaffold Production Techniques Used in Skin Tissue Engineering 9 1.1.2.1 Freeze-drying 9 1.1.2.2 Electrospinning 11 1.2 Conclusions 14 References 15 2 Electrospinning: A Versatile Technique to Synthesize Drug Delivery Systems 21 Xueping Zhang, Dong Liu and Tianyan You 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 The Types of Delivered Drugs 22 2.2.1 Antitumor/Anticancer Drugs 22 2.2.2 Antibiotic 24 2.2.3 Growth Factors 26 2.2.4 Nucleic Acids 27 2.2.5 Proteins 28 v vi Contents 2.3 Polymers Used in Electrospinning 29 2.3.1 Natural Polymers 30 2.3.1.1 Chitosan 30 2.3.1.2 Silk Fibroin 30 2.3.1.3 Cellulose Acetate 32 2.3.2 Synthetic Polymers 32 2.3.2.1 Synthetic Homopolymers 32 2.3.2.2 Synthetic Copolymers 33 2.3.3 Polymer Blends 34 2.3.3.1 Blends of Natural Polymers 34 2.3.3.2 Blends of Natural and Synthetic Polymers 35 2.3.3.3 Blends of Synthetic Polymers 36 2.3.3.4 Other Multicomponent Polymer Mixtures 36 2.4 The Development of Electrospinning Process for Drug Delivery 36 2.4.1 Coaxial Electrospinning 37 2.4.2 Emulsion Electrospinning 38 2.4.3 Multilayer Electrospinning 39 2.4.4 Magnetic Nanofiber 40 2.4.5 Post-modification of Electrospun Scaffolds 41 2.5 Conclusions 41 Acknowledgment 42 References 42 3 Electrospray Jet Emission: An Alternative Interpretation Invoking Dielectrophoretic Forces 51 Francesco Aliotta, Oleg Gerasymov and Pietro Calandra 3.1 Introduction 52 3.2 Electrospray: How It Works? 54 3.3 Historical Background 63 3.4 How the Current (and Wrong) Description of the Electrospray Process Has Been Generated? 65 3.5 What Is Wrong in the Current Description? 68 3.6 Some Results Shedding More Light 70 3.7 Discriminating between Electrophoretic and Dielectrophoretic Forces 72 3.8 Some Theoretical Aspects of Dielectrophoresis 76 3.9 Conclusions 83 References 86 Contents vii 4 Advanced Silver and Oxide Hybrids of Catalysts During Formaldehyde Production 91 Anita Kovač Kralj 4.1 Introduction 92 4.2 The Catalysis 93 4.2.1 Limited Hybrid Catalyst Methodology 94 4.3 Case Study 95 4.3.1 Silver Process 95 4.3.2 Oxide Process 96 4.4 Limited Hybrid Catalyst Method for Formaldehyde Production 97 4.4.1 Analyzing the Pure Catalyst Process 97 4.4.2 Graphical Presentation of Catalyst Process 97 4.4.3 Advanced Hybrid Catalyst Process 98 4.4.4 Choosing the Best Advanced Hybrid Catalyst Process 101 4.4.5 Simulation of the Best Advanced Hybrid Catalyst Process 102 4.5 Conclusion 104 4.6 Nomenclatures 105 References 105 5 Physico-chemical Characterization and Basic Research Principles of Advanced Drug Delivery Nanosystems 107 Natassa Pippa, Stergios Pispas and Costas Demetzos 5.1 Introduction 108 5.2 Basic Research Principles and Techniques for the Physicochemical Characterization of Advanced Drug Delivery Nanosystems 108 5.2.1 Microscopy 108 5.2.1.1 Optical Microscopy 108 5.2.1.2 Electron Microscopy 109 5.2.1.3 Scanning Probe Microscopy 109 5.2.2 Thermal Analysis 111 5.2.2.1 Classification of Thermal Analysis Techniques 111 5.2.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 113 viii Contents 5.2.3 Measurements of Size Distribution and ζ-Potential of Nanocolloidal Dispersion Systems and Their Evaluation 117 5.2.3.1 Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and Other Light-scattering Techniques 118 5.3 Conclusions 122 References 122 6 Nanoporous Alumina as an Intelligent Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications 127 Moom Sinn Aw and Dusan Losic 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 Nanoporous Anodized Alumina as a Drug Nano-carrier 129 6.2.1 Intelligent Properties of NAA for Drug Delivery 129 6.3 Biocompatibility of NAA and NNAA Materials 138 6.4 NAA for Diabetic and Pancreatic Applications 143 6.5 NAA Applications in Orthopedics 144 6.6 NAA Applications for Heart, Coronary, and Vasculature Treatment 148 6.7 NAA in Dentistry 150 6.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 152 Acknowledgment 153 References 154 7 Nanomaterials: Structural Peculiarities, Biological Effects, and Some Aspects of Application 161 N.F. Starodub, M.V. Taran, A.M. Katsev, C. Bisio and M. Guidotti 7.1 Introduction 162 7.2 Physicochemical Properties Determining the Bioavailability and Toxicity of Nanoparticles 164 7.3 Current Nanoecotoxicological Knowledge 168 7.3.1 Main Causes of NPs Toxicity 169 7.3.2 Risk Assessment for NPs in the Environment 170 7.3.3 Peculitiaries of Effects of Some NPs on the Living Objects 171 7.3.3.1 Experiments with Luminescent Bacteria 171 7.3.3.2 Daphnias as Indicators of Influence of Nanostructured Material 174

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