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EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing Surbhi Bhatia · Ashutosh Kumar Dubey Rita Chhikara · Poonam Chaudhary Abhishek Kumar Editors Intelligent Healthcare Applications of AI in eHealth EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing SeriesEditor ImrichChlamtac,EuropeanAllianceforInnovation,Ghent,Belgium Editor’sNote The impact of information technologies is creating a new world yet not fully understood. The extent and speed of economic, life style and social changes already perceived in everyday life is hard to estimate without understanding the technological driving forces behind it. This series presents contributed volumes featuringthelatestresearchanddevelopmentinthevariousinformationengineering technologiesthatplayakeyroleinthisprocess. The range of topics, focusing primarily on communications and computing engineeringinclude,butarenotlimitedto,wirelessnetworks;mobilecommunica- tion; design and learning; gaming; interaction; e-health and pervasive healthcare; energy management; smart grids; internet of things; cognitive radio networks; computation; cloud computing; ubiquitous connectivity, and in mode general smart living, smart cities, Internet of Things and more. The series publishes a combination of expanded papers selected from hosted and sponsored European AllianceforInnovation(EAI)conferencesthatpresentcuttingedge,globalresearch as well as provide new perspectives on traditional related engineering fields. This content, complemented with open calls for contribution of book titles and individual chapters, together maintain Springer’s and EAI’s high standards of academic excellence. The audience for the books consists of researchers, industry professionals, advanced level students as well as practitioners in related fields of activity include information and communication specialists, security experts, economists, urban planners, doctors, and in general representatives in all those walksoflifeaffectedadcontributingtotheinformationrevolution. Indexing:ThisseriesisindexedinScopus,EiCompendex,andzbMATH. AboutEAI EAI is a grassroots member organization initiated through cooperation between businesses, public, private and government organizations to address the global challenges of Europe’s future competitiveness and link the European Research communitywithitscounterpartsaroundtheglobe.EAIreachesouttohundredsof thousandsofindividualsubscribersonallcontinentsandcollaborateswithaninsti- tutionalmemberbaseincludingFortune500companies,governmentorganizations, andeducationalinstitutions,provideafreeresearchandinnovationplatform. ThroughitsopenfreemembershipmodelEAIpromotesanewresearchandinno- vationculturebasedoncollaboration,connectivityandrecognitionofexcellenceby community. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15427 Surbhi Bhatia • Ashutosh Kumar Dubey Rita Chhikara • Poonam Chaudhary Abhishek Kumar Editors Intelligent Healthcare Applications of AI in eHealth Editors SurbhiBhatia AshutoshKumarDubey ComputerSciencesandInformation ComputerScienceandEngineering Technology ChitkaraUniversity KingFaisalUniversity Rajpura,Punjab,India Alhasa,SaudiArabia RitaChhikara PoonamChaudhary ComputerScienceandEngineering ComputerScienceandEngineering TheNorthCapUniversity TheNorthCapUniversity Gurugram,Haryana,India Gurugram,Haryana,India AbhishekKumar ComputerScienceandEngineering Department ChitkaraUniversity Rajpura,Punjab,India ISSN2522-8595 ISSN2522-8609 (electronic) EAI/SpringerInnovationsinCommunicationandComputing ISBN978-3-030-67050-4 ISBN978-3-030-67051-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67051-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Thisbookisdedicatedtoalltheeditorsand theirfamilymembers.Withouttheirsupport andcooperation,thisbookwouldnothave becomeareality. Preface Thisbookisasmallyetsignificantsteptowardsexploringrecentadvances,dissem- inating state-of-the-art techniques, and deploying novel technologies in intelligent healthcareservicesandapplications.Itisideallydesignedformedicalprofessionals and researchers. The book is divided into three parts, namely Medical Expert Systems,MachineLearninginHealthcare,andCaseStudiesonRecentPandemic: COVID19. Theproliferationofhugedatasources(e.g.,genomes,electronichealthrecords (EHRs), mobile diagnostics, and wearable devices) and breakthroughs in artificial intelligence applications have unlocked the doors for diagnosing and treating multitudes of rare diseases. There is tremendous scope in the field of intelligent healthcare, and this is evident from the fact that the WHO, in partnership with theInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU),haslaunchedaFocusGroupon Artificial Intelligence in Health (FG-AI4H). The group’s objective is to establish a standardized assessment framework for the evaluation of AI-based methods for health,diagnosis,triage,ortreatmentdecisions.Economistshavefoundthatmedical researchcanhaveanenormousimpactonhumanhealthandlongevity,andresearch toidentifyandcurediseaseatearlystagesshouldbeencouraged. In view of there being tremendous scope in future of intelligent systems for healthcare, this book fosters a scientific debate for sophisticated approaches and cognitive technologies (such as deep learning, machine learning, and advanced analytics)forenhancedhealthcareservices.Thewidespreadadoptionofintelligent health-based systems could help overcome challenges such as shortages of staff and supplies, accessibility barriers, lack of awareness on certain health issues, identification of patient needs, and early detection and diagnosis of illnesses, creating the potential to accelerate new drug discovery, precision health, and operationalsavings. Although artificial intelligence revolutionized the healthcare management, it is extremelydifficulttohandleanddeliverthebighealthdataanytimeandanywhere. Withtheadventofbigdata,handlingofhumongousdatabecameapossibilityand mobiledeviceshavemergedwithgreatpotentialtorenovatethehealthcareindustry andprovidecost-effective,highquality,andmoreaccessiblehealthcare vii viii Preface Health research has high value to society, and different approaches to research providecomplementaryinsights.Healthresearchhasgrownexponentiallyoverthe years and has led to significant discoveries, the development of new therapies, and a remarkable improvement in healthcare and public health. However, with new diseases like COVID-19 coming up now and then, the scope of research in healthcare continues to be the requirement of the hour. Therefore, the healthcare systems have to be upgraded with new capabilities in emerging areas such as machinelearning,bigdata,andmobilecomputingforprovidingmankindwithmore intelligentandprofessionalhealthcareservices. In this book, various researchers have emphasized on the latest and potential health-related topics medically and technologically also. It provides an in-depth knowledge of the interdisciplinary area of healthcare research with more focus on the recent pandemic of COVID-19 which has disrupted our lives and continues to beathreat. Alhasa,SaudiArabia SurbhiBhatia Rajpura,Punjab,India AshutoshKumarDubey Gurugram,Haryana,India RitaChhikara Gurugram,Haryana,India PoonamChaudhary Rajpura,Punjab,India AbhishekKumar Acknowledgment The editors would like to acknowledge all the authors for their contributions. We presentoursinceregratitudetothosewhocontributedtheirtimeandexpertisetothis book.Wealsowanttothankthereviewerswhotookpartinthereviewprocessand gavetheirvaluablecommentstothecontributorstorefinetheirworkandadhereto thequality,coherence,andcontentofthechapters.Withouttheirsupport,thisbook wouldnothavebecomeareality. ix Contents A Healthcare-Based Intelligent Monitoring Paradigm inQuantumDotCellularAutomata(QCA)toProtectAgainst NovelCoronaOutbreak......................................................... 1 SuparbaTapna IntelligentHealthcare............................................................ 19 YogeshS.Kale,ShubhangiV.Rathkanthiwar,andPrachiD.Gawande BigData........................................................................... 33 D.KarthikaandK.Kalaiselvi ImplicationofStatisticalMethodsonPatientData:AnApproach forCancerSurvivabilityPrediction............................................ 57 SudipMondal,NamrataBhattacharya,TroyeeDas,ZhumurGhosh, andSunirmalKhatua MachineLearningwithIoTandBigDatainHealthcare.................... 81 TasneemJahan ModellingCovid-19:TransmissionDynamicsUsingMachine LearningTechniques............................................................. 99 VijayKumar,JyotiChawla,RajeevKumar,andArtiSaxena AnInnovativePandemicKnowledgebaseUsingMachineLearning ....... 109 AjantaDas,SameyaAshraf,andShubamPrasad ReviewingClassificationMethodsonHealthCare........................... 127 DevvrathMalikandGeetikaMunjal PredictingandManagingGlycemiaLevelsUsingAdvancedTime SeriesForecastingMethods..................................................... 143 SahilMalhotraandRitaChhikara MachineLearningApplicationsinAnti-cancerDrugDiscovery ........... 163 AmanSharmaandRinkleRani xi