Intelligent copyright protection for images PDF
Preview Intelligent copyright protection for images
Intelligent Copyright Protection for Images Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Intelligence and Its Applications Series Editor Siddhartha Bhattacharyya Intelligent Copyright Protection for Images Authored: Subhrajit Sinha Roy, Abhishek Basu, and Avik Chattopadhyay Intelligent Copyright Protection for Images Subhrajit Sinha Roy, Abhishek Basu, and Avik Chattopadhyay CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-367-19817-6 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all mate- rial reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to pub- lish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, repro- duced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit orga- nization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Mr. Subhrajit Sinha Roy would like to dedicate this book to his parents, Mr. Kunal Kumar Sinha Roy and Mrs. Jolly Sinha Roy. Dr. Abhishek Basu would like to dedicate this book to his parents, Mr. Amiya Kumar Basu and Mrs. Namita Basu, his wife, Mrs. Sangita Basu, and his daughter, Ms. Aadrita Basu. Dr. Avik Chattopadhyay would like to dedicate this book to his parents, Mr. Debabrata Chattopadhyay and Mrs. Bhabani Chattopadhyay, and his wife, Mrs. Debasmita Chattopadhyay. Contents Preface, xi Acknowledgments, xv About the Authors, xvii Chapter 1 ▪ Introduction 1 1.1 INFORMATION HIDING AND COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 1 1.1.1 Overview 1 1.1.2 Hiding Techniques 2 1.1.2.1 Th e Ancient Age 3 1.1.2.2 Th e Modern Age 6 1.2 DIGITAL WATERMARKING AS A COPYRIGHT PROTECTION TOOL 11 1.2.1 Overview 11 1.2.2 Basic Operations 13 1.2.3 Classification 16 1.2.4 Properties for a Good Digital Watermarking Scheme 19 1.2.5 Application 21 1.2.6 Attacks 24 vii viii ◾ Contents Chapter 2 ▪ Perspectives on Digital Image Watermarking 27 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL IMAGE 27 2.2 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING 32 2.2.1 Spatial Domain Practices 32 2.2.2 Frequency Domain Practices 35 2.3 SOME EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING 44 Chapter 3 ▪ Intelligent Systems Used in Copyright Protection 59 3.1 VISUAL SALIENCY AND ITS PURPOSE IN DIGITAL WATERMARKING 61 3.1.1 Saliency and Salient Object 61 3.1.2 The Purpose of Saliency in Digital Watermarking 61 3.1.3 Saliency Detection and a Saliency Map 62 3.1.4 Various Saliency Map Algorithms for Images 64 3.2 INTELLIGENT IMAGE CLUSTERING: THE K-MEANS ALGORITHM 67 3.2.1 Data Clustering 67 3.2.2 Need for Data Clustering in Digital Image Watermarking 70 3.2.3 K-means Algorithm for Data Clustering 71 Chapter 4 ▪ Copyright Protection Framework 75 4.1 WATERMARK EMBEDDING SYSTEM 75 Step 1: Evaluating the Saliency Map from the Cover Image 77 Contents ◾ ix Step 2: Constructing the Hiding Capacity Map from the Saliency Map 80 Step 3: Constituting the Watermarked Image through Adaptive LSB Replacement 83 4.2 WATERMARK EXTRACTING SYSTEM 86 Chapter 5 ▪ Hardware Implementation 91 5.1 OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE REALIZATION FOR DIGITAL WATERMARKING 92 5.2 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR THE PROPOSED IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME 96 5.2.1 Watermark Embedding System 96 5.2.2 Watermark Extracting System 100 Chapter 6 ▪ System Evaluation 105 6.1 EMBEDDING SYSTEM OUTCOMES 105 6.2 ESTIMATION OF DATA HIDING CAPACITY 108 6.3 ANALYSIS OF IMPERCEPTIBILITY OR DATA TRANSPARENCY 109 6.3.1 Description of Image Quality Metrics, Involved in Imperceptibility Analysis 109 6.3.2 Evaluation of Imperceptibility for the Proposed Watermarking Scheme 115 6.4 OUTPUTS OF THE WATERMARK EXTRACTING SYSTEM AND ITS EFFICACY IN TERMS OF ROBUSTNESS 122 6.5 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PROFICIENCY OF THE PROPOSED WATERMARKING SYSTEM 125 6.6 AN EVALUATION OF HARDWARE SYSTEMS FOR THE PROPOSED WATERMARKING LOGIC 126
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