Intelligent Cities: Enabling Tools and Technology

488 Pages·2015·34.785 MB·English

by  Pethuru Raj, Anupama C. Raman

Information Technology / IT Management R Intelligent Cities
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In this book, the authors have presented a large number of right and relevant a
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details on realizing and sustaining intelligent cities (the system of systems)
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across the world. ... this book will be informative and inspiring for readers,
especially business executives, technical experts, solution architects, city
planners and consultants, and government officials. The book has been
designed and developed to be comprehensive and compact in explaining the
nitty-gritty of promising smart city technologies, IT solutions, and use cases.
—Sandesh Bhat, Vice President, India Software Labs, IBM I Enabling Tools
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This book provides readers with a solid foundation on the latest technologies
and Technology
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and tools required to develop and enhance smart cities around the world. It
begins by examining the rise of the cloud as the fundamental technology for e
establishing and sustaining smart cities and enterprises.
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Explaining the principal technologies and platform solutions for implement-
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ing intelligent cities, the book details the role of various technologies, stan-
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dards, protocols, and tools in establishing flexible homes and the buildings
of the future. e
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The authors explore the convergence of cloud computing and enterprise
architecture and present valuable information on next-generation cloud
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computing. They also cover the various architectural types, including

enterprise-scale integration, security, management, and governance.
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The book concludes by explaining the various security requirements of
intelligent cities as well as the threats and vulnerabilities of the various i
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components that form the basis of the intelligent city framework, including
cloud, big data, Internet of Things, and mobile technologies. i
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K24492
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711 Third Avenue
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K24492 cvr mech.indd 1 5/5/15 2:59 PM

Intelligent Cities
Enabling Tools
and Technology

Intelligent Cities
Enabling Tools
and Technology
Pethuru Raj
Anupama C. Raman
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20150316
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Contents
Foreword xix
PreFace xxiii
acknowledgments xxvii
chaPter 1 envisioning intelligent cities 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Unfolding the Smarter Planet Vision 2
1.3 The Need for Intelligent Cities 4
1.4 City-Specific Challenges 6
1.4.1 Trickling Urbanization Challenges 6
1.5 The Vast Potentials of Smart Cities 8
1.6 City Transformation Strategy 8
1.6.1 Infrastructure Optimization 9
1.6.2 System Infrastructure 9
1.6.3 The Adoption of Versatile Technologies 10
1.6.4 The Assimilation of Architectures 12
1.6.5 Services Are Everywhere 13
1.6.6 Devices Are Connected and Cyber-Enabled
for People-Centric Services 14
1.6.7 Process Excellence 15
1.6.7.1 Monitoring and Management of
City Processes 16
1.6.7.2 Process Management 16
1.6.8 Make Sense Out of Data for Big Insights 17
1.7 The Key Trends in IT toward Smart Cities 17
1.7.1 The Shift toward People IT 17
1.7.2 The Era of Smart Computing 18
v
vi Contents
1.7.3 Smarter Environments 19
1.7.4 The Need for Cloud-Enablement 20
1.7.5 A Few Smart City Use Cases 21
1.7.5.1 Smart Homes 22
1.7.5.2 Security and Surveillance 24
1.7.5.3 Remote Asset Management 24
1.7.5.4 Connected Goods 24
1.7.5.5 Connected Consumer Electronics 25
1.7.5.6 Other Potential Uses 26
1.8 Smart City Infrastructure and Platform Solutions 29
1.8.1 Smart City Infrastructures 29
1.8.2 Leading Smart City Platforms 31
1.8.2.1 IBM Intelligent Operations Center 31
1.8.2.2 Oracle Smart City Platform 33
1.8.2.3 The Thales Hypervisor
Supervision System 34
1.9 The Context-Aware Framework for Smart City
Applications 36
1.9.1 Data Collection and Cleansing 36
1.9.2 Data Storage 37
1.9.3 Data Interpretation 37
1.9.4 Cloud-Based 38
1.9.5 Data Dissemination 38
1.10 Conclusion 39
References 40
chaPter 2 mobile technologies and aPPlications
For intelligent cities 41
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Evolution of Mobile Wireless Technologies 47
2.3 Mobile Application Development Platforms 49
2.4 Challenges of Intelligent Cities and Solutions
Offered by Mobile Wireless Networks and Devices 52
2.4.1 Mobile Payments and Ticketing 53
2.4.1.1 Role of NFC in Mobile eTicketing 55
2.4.2 Intelligent Energy Conservation Using
Mobile Devices 58
2.4.2.1 Excessive Growth in Customer
Demands 58
2.4.2.2 Increase in Infrastructure Cost 58
2.4.2.3 Regulations Imposed by
Government Rules 58
2.4.3 Analysis and Commercial Insights 62
2.4.4 Drivers for Mobile BI Adoption 62
2.4.5 Key Trends in Mobile BI 62
2.4.6 Steps to Get Started with Mobile BI 63
Contents vii
2.4.7 Mobile Healthcare 64
2.4.7.1 Value Chain for Mobile Heathcare 67
2.4.8 Wireless Fleet Management 67
2.5 Enabling Mobile Technologies for an Intelligent City 69
2.5.1 Mobile Augmented Reality 69
2.5.1.1 MARS in Practice 71
2.6 Conclusion 76
References 77
chaPter 3 the role and relevance oF soFtware-
deFined cloud inFrastructures 79
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 About Cloud Technology 83
3.3 Key Motivations for Cloud-Enabled Environments 84
3.4 Why Cloud Technology Is Being Aggressively
Pursued by Worldwide Governments 85
3.5 A Look at Cloud-Inspired Enterprise Transformations 86
3.5.1 The Emergence of Cloud Environments 87
3.5.2 Energy Optimization 90
3.5.3 Cloud-Enabled and Hosted Smarter City
Applications 91
3.5.4 A Cloud-Enabled Context-Aware
Framework for Smarter Environments 92
3.5.5 A Sample Use Case 93
3.5.6 Cloud-Based Smarter Home Applications 94
3.5.7 Cloud-Enabled Smart Grids 95
3.5.8 A Cloud-Based Monitoring Framework for
Smart Homes 97
3.5.9 Cloud-Inspired Smarter Healthcare Services 98
3.5.10 Sensor-Cloud Integration for Smarter Cities 99
3.5.11 Social and Sensor Data Fusion in Cloud 100
3.5.12 Integrating Sensors with Cloud Using
Dynamic Proxies 101
3.5.13 The Next-Generation Hybrid Clouds 102
3.5.14 The Compelling Use Cases for
Next-Generation Hybrid Clouds 105
3.5.15 Use Cases—Computation and Actionable
Insights 105
3.5.16 Storage Use Cases 107
3.5.17 Data Dissemination 107
3.5.18 Software-Defined Infrastructures and
Software-Defined Environments 108
3.5.18.1 Simplified and Synchronized
Operations of Cloud Infrastructures
through Standard APIs 109
3.5.18.2 Instant-On IT 109
3.5.18.3 Programmable Infrastructures 110
viii Contents
3.5.18.4 Deeper Visibility and Higher
Controllability 110
3.5.18.5 Business Continuity 110
3.5.18.6 Enhanced Utilization 111
3.5.18.7 Utility Computing 111
3.6 Building Blocks of Software-Defined Data Centers 115
3.6.1 Software-Defined Networking 115
3.6.2 The Key Motivations for SDN 117
3.6.3 Tending toward Network Virtualization 118
3.6.4 The Need of SDN for the Cloud 119
3.6.5 Software-Defined Storage 120
3.6.6 Cloud-Based Big Data Storage 123
3.6.7 Key Characteristics of Software-Defined
Storage 124
3.6.7.1 Commodity Hardware 125
3.6.7.2 Scale-Out Architecture 125
3.6.7.3 Resource Pooling 125
3.6.7.4 Abstraction 125
3.6.7.5 Automation 125
3.6.7.6 Programmability 126
3.7 Conclusion 126
References 127
chaPter 4 big data analytics For real-time city
insights 129
4.1 Introduction 130
4.2 Data Analytics and Intelligent Cities 132
4.2.1 The Prominent Sources of Big Data 132
4.2.2 Describing the Big Data World 133
4.2.3 Big Data Characteristics 134
4.2.4 A Perspective on Big Data Computing 135
4.2.5 Why Big Data Computing? 138
4.2.6 The Application Domains 138
4.3 Describing Big Data Analytics 140
4.3.1 The Big Trends of BDA 142
4.3.2 BDA Use Cases 143
4.3.2.1 Customer Satisfaction Analysis 143
4.3.2.2 Market Sentiment Analysis 144
4.3.2.3 Epidemic Analysis 144
4.3.2.4 Using BDA in Healthcare 145
4.4 Machine Data Analytics by Splunk® 146
4.5 Open Data for Next-Generation Cities 151
4.6 Edge Data for Cities of the Future 152
4.6.1 Edge Data for Smarter Cities 154
4.6.2 Edge Data for Smart Retailers 154
4.6.3 Edge Data for Smart Automobiles 155