Intelligent Cities and Globalisation of Innovation Networks

320 Pages·2008·3.314 MB·English

by  Nicos Komninos

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Intelligent Cities and
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5 Networks
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3111 The development of a city in the twenty-first century is at the crossroad of the
4 rising knowledge economy and the increasing digitalisation of contemporary
5 urban life. Intelligent Cities and Globalisation of Innovation Networksoutlines a new
6 paradigm of urban and regional development, emerging from the meeting of
7 the knowledge economy with the virtual world and the global outsourcing
8 networks.
9 This book assesses the evolution and continuous spatial enlargement of
20111 territorial systems of innovation under the pressure of globalisation, and the
1 rise of intelligent environments (clusters, cities, regions) as a means of dealing
2 with global information networks, global new product development, and
3 global knowledge outsourcing. It also looks at the knowledge functions of
4 intelligent cities (strategic intelligence, technology absorption, cooperative new
5 product development, global supply chains and digital-city marketplaces) as
6 essential building blocks of these cities.
7 It asks key questions of the movement towards intelligent environments and
8 cities, such as:
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• What makes an intelligent city and how do we define it?
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• What makes some cities and regions more efficient in developing
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knowledge, technologies and innovations?
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• How important is the external urban environment to the innovation
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performance of an organisation?
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• How is innovation changing along with digitalisation and globalisation?
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This book will be essential reading for urban and regional planners, development
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consultants, and innovation professionals, and will be of interest to students and
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researchers in the field.
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40111 Nicos Komninos is currently a professor of Urban Development and
1 Innovation Policy at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He is Director
2 of the URENIO Research Unit and has co-ordinated numerous research
3 projects under the European R&D Framework Programmes. He has been
4 involved in the development of technology parks and regional innovation
45111 strategies in the EU and developing countries.
Regions and cities
Series editors: Ron Martin, University of Cambridge, UK,
Gernot Grabher, University of Bonn, Germany,
Maryann Feldman, University of Georgia, USA
Regions and Cities is an international, interdisciplinary series that provides
authoritative analyses of the new significance of regions and cities for economic,
social and cultural development, and public policy experimentation. The series
seeks to combine theoretical and empirical insights with constructive policy
debate and critically engages with formative processes and policies in regional
and urban studies.
Intelligent Cities and Globalisation Geographies of Labour Market
of Innovation Networks Inequality
Nicos Komninos Ron Martin and Philip Morrison (eds)
Devolution, Regionalism and Regional Development Agencies
Regional Development in Europe
Jonathan Bradbury (ed) Henrik Halkier, Charlotte Damborg and
Mike Danson (eds)
Creative Regions
Technology, culture and knowledge Social Exclusion in European Cities
entrepreneurship Processes, experiences and responses
Philip Cooke and Dafna Schwartz (eds) Ali Madanipour, Goran Cars and
Judith Allen (eds)
European Cohesion Policy
Willem Molle Regional Innovation Strategies
The challenge for less-favoured regions
Geographies of the New Economy Kevin Morgan and Claire Nauwelaers (eds)
Peter Daniels, Michael Bradshaw,
Jon Beaverstock and Andrew Leyshon (eds) Foreign Direct Investment and the
Global Economy
The Rise of the English Regions? Nicholas A. Phelps and Jeremy Alden (eds)
Irene Hardill, Paul Benneworth, Mark Baker
and Leslie Budd (eds) Restructuring Industry and Territory
The experience of Europe’s regions
Regional Development in the Anna Giunta, Arnoud Lagendijk and
Knowledge Economy Andy Pike (eds)
Philip Cooke and Andrea Piccaluga (eds)
Community Economic Development
Clusters and Regional Development Graham Haughton (ed)
Critical reflections and explorations
Bjørn Asheim, Philip Cooke and Out of the Ashes?
Ron Martin (eds) The social impact of industrial contraction
and regeneration on Britain’s mining
Regions, Spatial Strategies and communities
Sustainable Development David Waddington, Chas Critcher,
Graham Haughton and Dave Counsell (eds) Bella Dicks and David Parry
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First published 2008
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
© 2008 Nicos Komninos
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Komninos, Nicos.
Intelligent cities and globalisation of innovation networks/
Nicos Komninos.
p. cm. – (Regions and cities)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. City planning – Technological innovations. 2. Regional
planning – Technological innovations. 3. Information
networks – Social aspects. 4. Communication – Technological
innovations. 5. Globalisation – Economic aspects. I. Title.
II. Title: Intelligent cities and globalisation of innovation networks.
HT166.K626 2008
307.1′216–dc22 2007048599
ISBN10: 0-415–45591–X (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415–45592–8 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-203–89449–9 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–45591–6 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–45592–3 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–203–89449–9 (ebk)
ISBN 0-203-89449-9(cid:13)(cid:10) Master e-book ISBN
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Contents
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3111 List of illustrations ix
4 Acknowledgements xi
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Introduction 1
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9 PART 1
20111 Globalisation of innovation and intelligent cities 5
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2 1 An intelligent global world is emerging 7
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A new global setting 7
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Globalisation of innovation 8
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Europe in search of innovation 11
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Innovation reshaping core and periphery 13
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Innovation turning a new leaf for cities 15
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Trading innovation with intelligent environments 16
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Intelligent environments 17
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2 Regions of innovation excellence: learning from
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3 the best 21
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A new model of regional development 21
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The rise of the innovation economy in the EU 23
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Regions of innovation excellence in Europe 30
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The core of excellence: regional systems of innovation 33
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Making the core of excellence: four stages of evolution 38
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3 Systems of innovation: continuous spatial
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enlargement 45
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3 Widening systems of innovation 45
4 Innovation 47
45111 Towards systems of innovation 49
vi Contents
What makes an innovation system? 54
Enlargement I: cluster-type innovation systems 56
Enlargement II: regional systems of innovation 64
Enlargement III: intelligent global systems of innovation 71
Governance of territorial systems of innovation 73
4 Virtual innovation environments: enriching
innovation systems with global networks and
users participation 77
Innovation as an environmental condition 77
Virtual innovation environments 80
Functioning of VIEs 89
Reception of VIEs: lessons from the ‘VERITE’ network 91
‘VERITE’ as a virtual community 95
Learning impact 100
Direct impact 102
Innovation on virtual space 106
5 Intelligent cities: the emergence of the concept 110
Intelligent cities: bridging physical and virtual worlds 110
Cyberspaces and cyber cities 113
Smart communities 116
Intelligent communities 117
Intelligent environments of innovation – Living Labs 119
Defining intelligent cities 120
Three layers of intelligent cities 123
A glimpse at intelligent cities around the world 125
Metrics 131
PART 2
Building blocks of intelligent cities 135
6 Strategic economic intelligence: global watch on
markets and technologies 137
Innovative regions in search of intelligence 137
Strategic economic intelligence: business, cluster, and regional 140
Main components of strategic economic intelligence 149
Integration of distributed intelligence 156
Meta-foresight: an experiment in strategic economic intelligence 160
The Meta-foresight platform 161
Sectoral/cluster intelligence 166
Strategic business intelligence 168
Strategic economic intelligence: the search for the ‘next big thing’ 172
Contents vii
1111 7 Technology transfer and acquisition: virtual spaces
2 valorising academic research 174
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Getting state-of-the-art technology 174
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The landscape of technology transfer 175
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The turn towards academia 177
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Technology transfer as communication 180
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Blending cooperation networks and virtual spaces 181
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The DRC: a virtual space for the valorisation of academic
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research 183
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Augmented technology transfer 192
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8 Innovation through collaboration: managing
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networks that cross boundaries 195
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5 Innovation through collaboration 195
6 The logic of collaborative innovation networks 196
7 Selection of partners: trust vs. competence 200
8 Spatiality of collaboration: contact vs. cost 202
9 Digital spatiality and networking 204
20111 Managing collaborative innovation networks: three
1 experiments 205
2 InnoCentive: innovation based on global networks 205
3 Regional Innovation Poles: multilevel regional innovation
4 networks 208
5 New product development based on vertical networks 216
6 Collaborative innovation as intelligent space 222
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8 9 Digital cities and e-marketplaces: global promotion
9 of localities, products and services 226
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The last mile of innovation 226
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Digital cities: broadband networks and online
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services 227
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Broadband network 230
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Online services 233
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e-City marketplaces 235
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e-City promotion 240
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e-Government 242
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Sustainability of digital cities and e-marketplaces 245
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10 Building blocks of intelligent cities: architecture
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of layers and functions 247
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3 Two movements shaping intelligent cities 247
4 Intelligent cities as territorial systems of innovation 249
45111 Intelligent cities as digital spaces of collaboration 257
viii Contents
Integration: knowledge functions of intelligent cities 261
The architecture of intelligent cities 267
Intelligent cities: a window to global innovation networks 270
Appendix: five platforms for intelligent cities 275
Notes 283
References 284
Index 301
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Illustrations
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Figures
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4 2.1 Innovation performance in EU Member States 26
5 2.2 Innovation performance in EU Member States 2002–2006 27
6 2.3 Global Innovation Index 28
7 2.4 Regional disparities in innovation performance 28
8 2.5 In-house innovation 34
9 2.6 Innovation within the regional system of innovation 36
20111 3.1 Knowledge evolution along the innovation process 55
1 3.2 Cooperation circuits into regional systems of innovation 65
2 3.3 Innovation policy adapted to regional systems of innovation 66
3 3.4 Precarious regional systems of innovation 68
4 4.1 Structure of web-based intelligence 83
5 4.2 Online innovation management tools: overview 87
6 4.3 Homepage of VERITE 96
7 4.4 VERITE services & tools 98
8 4.5 VERITE knowledge base 99
9 4.6 Logical impact of VERITE 100
30111 4.7 Motivation for joining VERITE 101
1 4.8 Frequency of use of the virtual tools 104
2 4.9 Relevance of digital tools of VERITE 105
3 6.1 Integration of informational modules 158
4 6.2 Meta-foresight structure 162
5 6.3 Meta-foresight homepage 163
6 6.4 Meta-foresight toolbox 164
7 6.5 Meta-foresight portal 167
8 6.6 Data entry and analysis tool 170
9 6.7 Data analysis: Eight themes under seven perspectives 171
40111 7.1 The landscape of technology transfer 176
1 7.2 Technology transfer as communication 181
2 7.3 DRC architecture – physical and virtual components 184
3 7.4 DRC layer 1 – a database of technologies and expertise 186
4 7.5 DRC layer 2 – structure of spin-off creation roadmap 187
45111 7.6 DRC layer 3 – technology dissemination 188