Intelligence Networks and the Tri Border Area of South America

113 Pages·2002·0.58 MB·English

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
THESIS

INTELLIGENCE NETWORKS AND THE TRI BORDER
AREA OF SOUTH AMERICA: THE DILEMMA OF
EFFICIENCY VERSUS OVERSIGHT

Eric Wishart

December 2002

Thesis Advisor: Tom Bruneau
Second Reader: Harold Trinkunas

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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December 2002 Master’s Thesis
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: Intelligence Networks and the Tri Border Area of 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
South America: The Dilemma of Efficiency versus Oversight
6. AUTHOR(S) Eric Wishart
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Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER
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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)

This thesis examines the intelligence communities of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to determine
how to better coordinate and share information between themselves and the United States to combat the
emerging threat of terrorism within the border region shared by the three Latin American countries. The
thesis argues from the standpoint that the primary intelligence effort should be economic and HUMINT
due to the currently low threat levels, and that the threat should be handled by civilian agencies. It
examines each community based on an Ideal Type intelligence community model that balances
efficient, competitive, all-source intelligence organizations with oversight at the various levels. The
thesis also examines U.S. foreign policy in the region to determine if it has helped or hindered each
country’s intelligence community to better align itself with the ideal type model. It concludes with
policy recommendations for the United States to develop better bilateral relationships with each
country, as well as recommendations to help to form a regional coordination initiative that will allow
multilateral intelligence sharing.
14. SUBJECT TERMS Terrorism, Intelligence, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay 15. NUMBER OF
PAGES 113

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

INTELLIGENCE NETWORKS AND THE TRI BORDER AREA OF SOUTH
AMERICA: THE DILEMMA OF EFFICIENCY VS. OVERSIGHT

Eric Gregory Wishart
Captain, Armor, Nevada Army National Guard
B.A., University of Nevada, Reno, 1993

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS IN NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS AND CIVIL-
MILITARY RELATIONS

from the

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
December 2002

Author: Eric Wishart

Approved by: Tom Bruneau
Thesis Advisor

Harold Trinkunas
Co-Advisor

James Wirtz
Chairman, Department of National Security Affairs

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1
A. DISCUSSION...................................................................................................1
B. THE TERRORIST THREAT IN THE TRI-BORDER AREA...................5
C. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................10
D. ORGANIZATION.........................................................................................10
II. THE TERRORIST THREAT AND THE NEED FOR INTELLIGENCE: A
DILEMMA OF EFICIENCY VS. OVERSIGHT...................................................13
A. THE NEED FOR INTELLIGENCE............................................................14
B. THE DILEMMA OF EFFICIENCY VERSUS OVERSIGHT.................16
C. THE IDEAL TYPE OF INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MODEL......20
1. Oversight.............................................................................................20
2. Efficiency............................................................................................22
III. THE DILEMMA OF OVERSIGHT VS. EFFICIENCY APPLIED TO THE
TRI-BORDER AREA................................................................................................27
A. ARGENTINA.................................................................................................28
B. BRAZIL..........................................................................................................36
C. PARAGUAY...................................................................................................43
D. MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS AND COOPERATIVE
AGREEMENTS.............................................................................................48
1. Organization of American States (OAS)..........................................49
2. Inter-American Committee Against Terrorism (CICTE)..............50
3. Financial Action Task Force (FATF)...............................................51
4. The Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur).........................53
IV. UNITED STATES POLICY IN THE TRI-BORDER AREA...............................57
A. ARGENTINA.................................................................................................58
B. BRAZIL..........................................................................................................63
C. PARAGUAY...................................................................................................69
D. UNITED STATES INITIATIVES...............................................................74
V. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................79
A. ARGENTINA.................................................................................................79
B. BRAZIL..........................................................................................................81
C. PARAGUAY...................................................................................................83
D. MULTILATERAL COOPERATION.........................................................87
E. CONCLUSION..............................................................................................88
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................89
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST.........................................................................................95

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. “Ideal Type” Intelligence Community Model.............................................26
Figure 2. Argentine Intelligence Community Model..................................................35
Figure 3. Brazilian Intelligence Community Model....................................................42
Figure 4. Paraguayan Intelligence Community Model...............................................46
Figure 5. Proposed Paraguayan Intelligence Community..........................................86

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