Intelligence and Wisdom: Artificial Intelligence Meets Chinese Philosophers

171 Pages·2021·3.394 MB·English

by  Bing Song

Bing Song Editor
Intelligence
and Wisdom
Artificial Intelligence Meets Chinese
Philosophers
Intelligence and Wisdom
Bing Song
Editor
Intelligence and Wisdom
Artificial Intelligence Meets Chinese
Philosophers
Editor
BingSong
BerggruenResearchCenter
PekingUniversity
Beijing,China
ISBN978-981-16-2308-0 ISBN978-981-16-2309-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2309-7
JointlypublishedwithCITICPressCorporation,China
TranslationfromtheChineselanguageedition: byBingSong,©
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Acknowledgments
Thisbookismadepossiblebythegeneroussupportandinspirationsofthecolleagues
attheBerggruenInstituteanditsChinaCenter.
v
Contents
Introduction:HowChinesePhilosophersThinkAboutArtificial
Intelligence? ...................................................... 1
BingSong
Artificial Intelligence, Emotion, and Order: A Confucian
Perspective ....................................................... 15
ChunsongGan
TheArtificialIntelligenceChallengeandtheEndofHumanity ........ 33
ChenyangLi
Can Artificial Intelligence Lead Us to Genuine Virtue?
AConfucianPerspective ........................................... 49
StephenC.Angle
CanaMachineFlowLikeDao?TheDaoistPhilosophyonArtificial
Intelligence ....................................................... 65
RobinR.Wang
WhenArtificialIntelligenceMeetsDaoism ........................... 83
FeiGai
GreatWisdomHoldstheAnswerstoHumanSuffering—Artificial
IntelligenceInspiredThinking ...................................... 101
FengheLiu
“NaturalRobots:Locating‘NI’WithintheYijingCosmology” ......... 109
RogerT.Ames
Human Nature, Time-Consciousness, and the New Frontiers
of Artificial Intelligence—An Inquiry from the Perspective
ofPhenomenologyandtheEasternSchoolofMind ................... 131
XianglongZhang
TheUncertainGambleofInfiniteTechnologicalProgress ............. 151
TingyangZhao
vii
Notes on Contributors
RogerT.Ames 安樂哲 is a Humanities Chair Professor at Peking University,
Academic Director of the Peking University Berggruen Research Center, and
Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Hawai’i. He is a former
editor of Philosophy East & West and founding editor of China Review Interna-
tional.AmeshasauthoredseveralinterpretativestudiesofChinesephilosophyand
culture,andhispublicationsalsoincludeseveraltranslationsoftheChinesephilo-
sophical classics. His most recent monograph is Human Becomings: Theorizing
‘Persons’ for Confucian Role Ethics (SUNY Press, 2021). He has most recently
beenengagedincompilingthenewSourcebookofClassicalConfucianPhilosophy
withitscompanionAConceptualLexiconofClassicalConfucianPhilosophy,and
in writing articles promoting a conversation between American pragmatism and
Confucianism.
StephenC.Angle isa Director of the Fries Center for Global Studies, Mansfield
FreemanProfessorofEastAsianStudies,andProfessorofPhilosophyatWesleyan
University.AnglespecializesinConfucianism,Neo-Confucianism,andcomparative
philosophy,andhisresearchfocusesonphilosophy’sroleinhumanrights,politics,
andethicsbothinChinaandglobally.Hehasco-directedtwoNEHSummerInsti-
tutes,isarecipientofseveralmajorgrants,andwasawardedWesleyan’sBinswanger
Prize for Excellence in Teaching. Angle is the author of four books and co-editor
oftwoothers.Hislatestbook,GrowingMoral:AConfucianGuidetoLife,willbe
publishedin2022byOxfordUniversityPress.
FeiGai is a Lecturer of Chinese Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at
YunnanUniversity.ShespecializesinChinesePhilosophy,withaparticularinterest
inDaoism.
HerrecentpublicationsincludeAStudyoftherelationshipbetweenTaoismInner
alchemyandalchemy(道教内外丹关系研究)(SichuanBashuBookSociety,2020),
“ThecharacteristicsoftheTaoistlifephilosophyintheevolutionoftherelationship
betweenexternaldanandinternaldan”(从道教内外丹关系演变看道教生命哲学
的特色), (Religious Studies, 2021.3), and “A discussion on the Core Principle of
TaoistWaidanTheoryofLongevity”(道教外丹长生理论的内核探讨)(Studiesin
WorldReligions,2020.2).
ix
x NotesonContributors
ChunsongGan isaProfessorintheDepartmentofPhilosophyatPekingUniversity
and Deputy Director of the university’s Confucianism Research Institute. Gan has
publishedwidelyonConfucianphilosophyandmodernChineseculture,thoughts,
and political philosophy. He is the author of Back to Wangdao (重回王道), (East
China Normal University Press, 2012) Kang Youwei and Confucianism’s ‘New
Era’(康有为与儒学的“新世”),(EastChinaNormalUniversityPress,2015),andA
ConciseReaderofChineseCulture(Springer,2019).
ChenyangLi is a Professor of Philosophy at Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore,wherehefoundedthephilosophyprogram.Hisprimaryareasofresearch
are Chinese philosophy and comparative philosophy. He is the author of The Tao
Encounters the West: Explorations in Comparative Philosophy, The Confucian
PhilosophyofHarmony,andover100journalarticlesandbookchapters.Hisedited
volumesincludeTheSageandtheSecondSex(OpenCourt,2000),TheEastAsian
Challenge for Democracy (with Daniel Bell, Cambridge University Press, 2013),
MoralCultivationandConfucianCharacter (withPeiminNi,SUNYPress,2014),
ChineseMetaphysicsandItsProblems(withFranklinPerkins,CambridgeUniversity
Press,2015),andHarmonyinChineseThought (withSaiHangKwokandDascha
Düring,Rowman&Littlefield,2021).
FengheLiu hashadalongcareerinmedicaleducationinChinaandhasbeenactive
intheGreatWisdommentoringfordecades.
BingSong is a Vice President of the Berggruen Institute and the Director of the
Institute’sChinaCenter.SheleadstheCenter’sprogram,whichexploretheintersec-
tion of Chinese philosophy, frontier technologies and governance. Prior to joining
theBerggruenInstitute,Binghashadalongcareerinlegalpracticeandbanking,and
publishededitedvolumesandjournalarticlesontopicsofChinesejudicialreforms,
administrativelaw,andcompetitionlaw.
RobinR.Wang isaProfessorofPhilosophyatLoyolaMarymountUniversity,Los
Angeles and Berggruen Fellow (2016–2017) at the Center for Advanced Study in
theBehavioralSciences(CASBS)atStanfordUniversity.Herteachingandresearch
focusonChineseandcomparativephilosophy,particularlyDaoistphilosophy,and
womenandgenderinChinesecultureandtradition.SheistheauthorofYinyang:The
WayofHeavenandEarthinChineseThoughtandCulture(CambridgeUniversity
Press,2012)andeditorofChinesePhilosophyinanEraofGlobalization,(SUNY
Press,2004)andImagesofWomeninChineseThoughtandCulture:Writingsfrom
thePre-QinPeriodtotheSongDynasty(Hackett,2003).
XianglongZhang isaretiredProfessorintheDepartmentofPhilosophyatPeking
University.Hisresearchfocusesonphenomenology,ConfucianphilosophyandWest
and East comparative philosophy. He is the author of Confucian Mind Philosophy
and its Conscious Foundation (儒家心学及其意识依据, 2019), and “Time-Halo
and the Subtlest Spring of Changes (ji-wei): The Structural Comparison between
PhenomenologicalTimeandChanges’Hexagram-Time”(时晕与几微——现象学
时间与《周易》象数时间的原结构比较),(2017,2020).
NotesonContributors xi
TingyangZhao is a Academician of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
Professor of Philosophy, and Senior Fellow at the Berggruen Institute. His trans-
lated works include All-Under-Heaven: The Tianxia System for A Possible World
Order (UCPress.California,2020),AlleUnterEinemHimmel (Suhrkamp,Berlin,
2019),Undieuoutouslesdieux (co-authoredwithAlainLePichon),(CentMille
Milliards.Paris,2019),TianxiaToutSousunMemeCiel(Leseditionsducerf.Paris,
2018),RedefiningaPhilosophyforWorldGovernance(Macmillan,London,2018),
andDuCielAlaTerre (co-authoredwithRegisDebray),(lesArenes.Paris,2014).
Introduction: How Chinese Philosophers
Think About Artificial Intelligence?
BingSong
ContextandInquiry
Discussionsaboutartificialintelligence(AI),robotics,andtheirimpactonhumans
and the future of human society continue to figure prominently across the global
media and policy agenda. In the current global pandemic, AI and robotics have
once again demonstrated their great potential for contributing to the wellbeing of
humansociety.Butmountingconcernsremain,includingpotentialoverreachindata
collectionandtheriskofturningcontacttracingAIprogramsintoroutinesurveillance
systems.TherecanbelittledoubtthatdiscussionsaboutAIandethicshaveentered
themainstreampublicdiscourse.
Since2015,therehavebeencloseto80AIandroboticsrelatedethicalprinciples
andvaluepronouncementsissuedbyinternationalorganizations,inter-governmental
organizations, non-governmental organizations, corporations, and research institu-
tions.1 A number of broad values have been declared, including justice, human
autonomy,dignity,humanity,andfreedom.AIethicalprinciplesdeclaredhaveranged
fromindividualrights-orientednotionsofprivacyandpreventionofbiastosystems-
orientednotionssuchasinterpretability,safety,security,androbustness.Theyhave
alsocoveredgroup-orientednotionsofpartnership,sharingandcollaborationamong
nationsandscientificcommunities.Manyinternationalandinter-governmentalorga-
nizations have launched campaigns to ensure that their declared principles are the
onesthatwillbeadoptedasthenewnormsbytheglobalcommunity.TheEuropean
1“Principles,” Yi Zeng, Cunqing Huangfu, Enmeng Lu et al. Linking Artificial Intelligence
Principles(LAIP),accessedNovember13,2020,http://www.linking-ai-principles.org/.
B
B.Song( )
BerggruenResearchCenter,PekingUniversity,Beijing,China
e-mail:[email protected]
©CITICPressCorporation2021 1
B.Song(ed.),IntelligenceandWisdom,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2309-7_1