Intellectual Culture in Medieval Scandinavia, c. 1100–1350

444 Pages·2016·14.33 MB·English

Intellectual Culture
in Medieval Scandinavia,

c. 1100– 1350

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DISPUTATIO

Editorial Board

Dallas G. Denery II, Bowdoin College

Holly Johnson, Missi ssippi State University

Clare Monagle, M acquarie University
Cary J. Nederman, T exas A&M University

Foundin g Editors

Georgiana Donavin , Westminster College
Richard Utz, Georgia Institute of Technology

Previously published volumes in this s eries are listed at the back of the book.

Volume 28

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Intellectual Culture
in Medieval Scandinavia,

c. 1100– 1350

Edited by

Stefka Georg ieva Eriksen

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

© 2016, Brepols Publishe rs n.v., Turnhout, Belgium

All rights reserved. No part of th is publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photoc opying, recording, or otherwise,

without the prior perm ission of the publisher.

D/2016/0095/3

ISBN 978-2-503-55307-8

e-ISBN 978-2-503-55422-8

Printed in the EU on acid-free paper

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Contents

List of Illustrations vii

Acknowledgements xi

Introduction: Intellectual Culture and M edi eval Scandinavia

STEfkA G. ERIkSEN 1

Old Norse Intellectual Culture: Approp riation and Innovation

GUNNAR HARðARSON 35

Negotiatin g Identity

Intellectual Culture in Medi eval Paris:

Academic Discourse, Marriage, and Money

IAN P. WEI 77

A Deliberate Style: The Patronage of Ear ly

Romanesque Architecture in Norway

kJARTAN HAUGLID 103

Situated knowledge: Shaping Intellectu al Identities

in Iceland, c. 1180–1220
BJøRN BANDLIEN 137

Canon Law and Politics in Grímr Hólmsteinsson’s

Jóns saga baptista ii

kRISTOffER VADUM 175

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vi Contents
Thinking in figures
Grammar, Rhetoric, and figurative Language:
Learned Innovations and Vernacular Receptions
RITA COPELAND 213

Traces of Latin Education in the Old Norse World
ÅSLAUG OMMUNDSEN 243

Applied Grammatica: Conjuring up th e Native Poetae

MIkAEL MALES 263

Two Cultures of Visual(ized) Cognitio n

MATS MALM 309

Worldly Existence an d Heavenly Salvation

Messuskýringar: Old Norse Expositions of the Latin Mass
and the Ritual Participation of the P eople

SIGURD HAREIDE 337

Cultivating Virtues on Scandi navian So il:

The Rise of a Christian Humanism and

Ecclesiastical Art in Twelfth-Century Denmark

kRISTIN B. AAVITSLAND 373

Body and Soul in Old Norse Culture

STEfkA G. ERIkSEN 393

Index 429

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Illustrations

Kjartan Hauglid

figure 4.1. Urnes Stave Church (Sogn og fjordane).

Decorated door-jamb reused in the n orth wall

of the twelfth-century church, c. 1070. .............................104

figure 4.2. St Peter, Vågå (Oppland). Bl ind arcade on
the west facade, reused from previous stave church.

Late eleventh or early twelfth centuri es. ............................113

figure 4.3. The castle at Caen. Voussoirs and other stones with sunken

stars from William the Conqueror’s p alace built in the 1060s. . .......114

figure 4.4. La Trinité, Caen. Detail of vo ussoirs in the tower arch, 1060s. .115

figure 4.5. La Trinité, Caen. Volute capi tal with sunken stars, 1060s. .....116

figure 4.6. Norman chapel, Durham Castle (County Durham).

Capitals decorated with sunken stars in the 1070s....................117

figure 4.7. Chepstow Castle (Monmout hshire).

Tympanum and voussoirs with sunke n stars on

the main portal to the castle, dated 1 067– c. 1090....................118

figure 4.8. St Nicholas, Bokenäs (Bohuslän).

Stones with sunken stars reused in the south chancel door.

Late eleventh or early twelfth centuries. ............................119

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viii ILLUSTRATIONS
figure 4.9. St Óláfr, Trondheim. Plinth decorated with
sunken stars on the foundations of the ruined church.
Late eleventh or early twelfth centuries. ............................120
figure 4.10. La Trinité, Caen. Arches with sunken stars
under the central tower, before restoration. 1060s. ..................121

figure 4.11. St Mary, Vestby (Akershus). fragments from
chancel arch. Late eleventh century ? . ..............................122

figure 4.12. Nærøy (Nord-Trøndelag). fragment from previous church,

reused in the choir wall. Late eleven th or early twelfth centuries. ......123

figure 4.13. The church of Alstahaug (N ordland). South chancel door.

Late eleventh or early twelfth centur ies. ............................124

figure 4.14. St Cnut at Tilrem, Brønnø y (Nordland). fragment from

portal or chancel arch. Late eleventh or early twelfth centuries. .......125

figure 4.15. Capital with sunken stars a nd volutes, possibly

from the church of St Nicholas in th e Royal Palace,

built by king Eysteinn (r. 1103–23). ...............................126

figure 4.16. fragment of a decorated cornice which belongs

to the same group of fragments as th e capital in fig. 4.8. .............127

figure 4.17. Chapel of St John, Trond heim Cathedral.

Scalloped capital with sunken stars. Mid-twelfth century..............128

Åslaug Ommundsen

figure 8.1. A bifolium from Donatus’s grammar discovered under the

floorboards of Lom stave church in 1973 (C 34738/B305/605). ......246

figure 8.2. A Hansa fragment of Alexander’s Doctrinale.

Lübeck, Archiv der Hansestadt Lüb eck, Bergenfahrer nr. 1409. .......248

Table 8.1. Liber Catonianus. .........................................252

figure 8.3. Aesop’s Fables versified. The Árni Magnússon Insitute for Icelandic

Studies, Reykjavík, Þjms. fragm. 103. ..............................255

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ILLUSTRATIONS ix
Mikael Males
figure 9.1. Theoretical and actual development of skaldic poetry. . .......300
Kristin B. Aavitsland

figure 12.1. Altar frontal and retable from Lisbjerg church
in eastern Jutland, c. 1135, Copenhag en, Nationalmuseet. ...........374

figure 12.2. Detail of figure 12.1: the Virgin and Child

enthroned, surrounded by female sain ts and personifications

of virtues at the frontal of the Lisbjer g altar..........................375

figure 12.3. Maiestas Domini with dono r figures. Repoussé relief

from Tamdrup Church, Copenhagen , National museet. ..............378

figure 12.4. Personifications of virtues. S offit of the chancel

arch in Gundsømagle church, Sealand , 1100–1125. .................380

figure 12.5. Detail of figure 12.1: the V irgin and Child en throned

in the gate of Civitas Hierusalem at th e frontal of the Lisbjerg altar.....386

figure 12.6. Detail of figure 12.1: part o f the retable arch of the

Lisbjerg altar with the inscription quoting St Jerome’s Epistle no. 60. ..387

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