Intellectual capital for communities: nations, regions, and cities PDF
Preview Intellectual capital for communities: nations, regions, and cities
Business/ Management E B Intellectual D O V U Intellectual Capital for Communities IN N S F S O O U Capital for NATIONS, REGIONS, and CITIES N R AHMED BOUNFOUR • LEIF EDVINSSON Edited by I “...a welcome and timely overview of a new and vibrant intellectual capital frontier. The chapters...are n Communities fresh and topical. This is required reading!” t —Karl-Erik Sveiby, Professor at Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, e Helsinki, Finland l l “Bounfour and Edvinsson’s extension of the burgeoning intellectual capital literature to communities/ e regions/nations is timely and very rewarding.” c —Baruch Lev, Philip Bardes Professor of Accounting and Finance, New York University t NATIONS, REGIONS, and CITIES u “In the 20th century, industrial society achieved remarkable growth through the dissemination of an a ‘integrated circuit,’ abbreviated to IC in every corner of industry. This book suggests that the knowledge- l based society in the 21st century will be enriched through the spread of another IC, that is, ‘intellectual capital’ in every corner of the society.” C —Teruyasu Murakami, Chief Counselor, Nomura Research Institute a p “...gives rise to invaluable new insights.” —Dominique Guellec, Chief Economist, European Patent Office i t a “...This book offers a timely and comprehensive perspective on what it takes to accumulate and use l intellectual capital, from the national level down to local communities, primary sites for knowledge- based growth and development.” f —Carl J. Dahlman, Program Manager, Knowledge for Development, World Bank Institute o r “This book extends the analysis and underlines the crucial importance of intellectual capital in our C economies at all levels, highlighting information and measurement challenges that have to be overcome.” o —Graham Vickery, Head, Information Economy Group, Organisation for Economic Cooperation m and Development m In Intellectual Capital for Communities, Editors Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson have brought together the best minds in intellectual capital throughout the world to focus on u a new and fertile area of research: measuring and managing the intellectual capital of n communities. This is a creative and cutting-edge area of research that has the potential i to change how public sector planning and development is done. Once there is a clear way t to identify where wealth is created in a given nation, region, or city, this process has the i e potential to reveal a huge knowledge repository in the public sector with a significant, but s idle, potential for collective wealth creation—the wealth of nations in waiting. Ahmed Bounfour is Associate Professor, University de Marne La Vallée, France. Leif Edvinsson is the World's First Holder of Professorship of Intellectual Capital, University of Lund, Sweden. ISBN 0-7506-7773-2 ì<(sk(p!=ghhhdi< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U AHMED BOUNFOUR • LEIF EDVINSSON Edited by books.elsevier.com Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AdvancePraiseforIntellectualCapitalforCommunities: .. . Nations,Regions,andCities .. . . . ‘‘Intellectualcapitalhasbecomethekeysourceofwealthandpowerinourpost- . . . industrialworld,asaconsequenceoftheknowledgerevolutionandaccelerated . . . globalization.Thisistruenotonlyforthemostadvancedsocietiesbutalsoforthe . . . poorestones.Thisbookoffersatimelyandcomprehensiveperspectiveonwhatittakes . . . toaccumulateanduseintellectualcapital,fromthenationleveldowntolocal . . . communities,primarysitesforknowledge-basedgrowthanddevelopment. .. . —CarlJ.Dahlman,ProgramManager,KnowledgeforDevelopment,WorldBank .. . Institute .. . . . ‘‘Thestudyofintellectualcapitalhasbecomeafieldofresearchinitself.Itusedtobe . . . restrictedtothebusinesssector:Thankstotheseriesofstudiescoordinatedby . . . BounfourandEdvinsson,itnowcoverscommunitiesandpublicinstitutions.Itwasa .. . necessarystep,asknowledgeisapublicgood,andthatstepgivesrisetoinvaluablenew .. . insights.’’ .. . —DominiqueGuellec,ChiefEconomist,EuropeanPatentOffice .. . . . ‘‘BounfourandEdvinsson’sextensionoftheburgeoningintellectualcapitalliterature . . . tocommunities/regions/nationsistimelyandveryrewarding.’’ . . . —BaruchLev,PhilipBardesProfessorofAccountingandFinance,NewYork .. . University .. . . . ‘‘Inthe20thcentury,industrialsocietyachievedremarkablegrowththroughthe . . . disseminationofan‘‘integratedcircuit,’’abbreviatedtoICineverycornerofindustry. . . . Thisbooksuggeststhattheknowledge-basedsocietyinthe21stcenturywillbe . . . enrichedthroughthespreadofanotherIC,thatis,‘‘intellectualcapital’’ineverycorner . . . ofthesociety.’’ . . . —TeruyasuMurakami,ChiefCounselor,NomuraResearchInstitute .. . . . ‘‘Withassetsofmanyfirmsbeingprimarilyintangibles—knowledgecompanies—the . . . questionariseswhetherregionsandnationsaresuccessfullypursuingsimilarpaths. . . . Theauthorshaverewardinglysetouttofindanswersonhowintellectualcapitalis . . . createdingeographicentitiesandhowitcanbemeasured.’’ . . . —JonSigurdson,Professor,ResearchPolicy,StockholmSchoolofEconomics .. . . . ‘‘...awelcomeandtimelyoverviewofanewandvibrantIntellectualCapital(IC) . . . frontier.ICstartedwithacorporatefocus,butmuchoftheexcitingworkisnowbeing . . . doneinandforthepublicsectoraswellasongovernmentalandnationallevels.The . . . chapters ...arefreshandtopical.Thisisrequiredreading!’’ . . . —Karl-ErikSveiby,ProfessoratSwedishSchoolofEconomicsandBusiness . . . Administration,Helsinki,Finland .. . . . ‘‘Thisbookextendstheanalysisandunderlinesthecrucialimportanceofintellectual . . . capitalinoureconomiesatalllevels,highlightinginformationandmeasurement . . . challengesthathavetobeovercome.’’ . . . —GrahamVickery,HeadInformationEconomyGroup,OECD . . Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page ii Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intellectual Capital for Communities .. . . . . . . Nations,Regions,andCities .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edited by .. . . . . . . Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMSTERDAM . BOSTON . HEIDELBERG . LONDON .. . NEWYORK . OXFORD . PARIS . SANDIEGO .. . . SANFRANCISCO . SINGAPORE . SYDNEY . TOKYO .. Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page iv ElsevierButterworth–Heinemann 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK #AhmedBounfourandLeifEdvinsson,2005. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone:(þ44)1865843830,fax:(þ44)1865853333, e-mail:permissions@elsevier.com.uk.Youmayalsocompleteyourrequeston-linevia theElsevierhomepage(http://elsevier.com),byselecting‘‘CustomerSupport’’andthen ‘‘ObtainingPermissions.’’ Recognizingtheimportanceofpreservingwhathasbeenwritten,Elsevierprintsitsbooks onacid-freepaperwheneverpossible. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Applicationsubmitted BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN:0-7506-7773-2 ForinformationonallElsevierButterworth-Heinemannpublications visitourWebsiteatwww.books.elsevier.com 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of Contents .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Contributors ix .. . Introduction,by Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson xi .. . . . . . Part One Modeling and Contextualizing Intellectual Capital for .. . . Communities 1 . . . . . . . Chapter 1 ModelingIntangibles: Transaction RegimesVersus Community . . . Regimes .. . Ahmed Bounfour 3 .. . . . Chapter 2 RegionalIntellectualCapitalinWaiting:AStrategicIntellectual .. . . Capital Quest . . . Leif Edvinsson 19 . . . . . . . Part Two Intellectual Capital for Nations 35 . . . . . . . Chapter 3 Estimatingthe Level ofInvestmentinKnowledge Acrossthe . . . OECD Countries .. . Mosahid Khan 37 .. . . . Chapter 4 Knowledge Economies:A Global Perspective .. . . Jean-Eric Aubert 61 . . . . . Chapter 5 Investing inIntangibles: Isa Trillion Dollars Missing Fromthe .. . Gross Domestic Product? .. . LeonardNakamura 71 .. . . . . . . . v Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page vi vi TableofContents . Chapter6 Intangiblesand Intellectual Capital inthe EuropeanInvestment . . . Bank ProjectAppraisal . . . Jean-Jacques Mertens and Jacques Van der Meer 87 . . . . .. Chapter7 Assessing Performance of European Innovations Systems:An . .. IntellectualCapital Indexes Perspective . .. Ahmed Bounfour 97 . . . . . Chapter8 National Intellectual Capital Index: The Benchmarking of Arab . . .. Countries . .. Nick Bontis 113 . . . .. Chapter9 The IntellectualCapital of the State ofIsrael . . . Edna Pasher and Sigal Shachar 139 . . . . .. Chapter10 RethinkingLeadershipintheKnowledgeSociety,LearningFrom . .. Others: How to Integrate Intellectualand SocialCapital and . .. Establisha New Balance ofValue andValues . .. Bernhard Von Mutius 151 . . . . . Chapter11 Japan and Other East Asian Economies Under the Knowledge- . . .. Based Economy . .. Seiichi Masuyama 165 . . . . . .. Part Three Intellectual Capital for Regions 195 . . . . . .. Chapter12 ValueCreationEfficiencyatNationalandRegionalLevels:Case . .. Study—Croatiaand theEuropean Union . .. Ante Pulic 197 . . . . . Chapter13 AEuropeanRegional Path to theKnowledge Economy: . . .. Challengesand Opportunities . .. Dimitri Corpakis 213 . . . .. Chapter14 IntellectualCapital Creation inRegions: AKnowledge System . . . Approach . . . Anssi Smedlundand Aino Po¨yho¨nen 227 . . . . .. Chapter15 Ragusa or How to MeasureIgnorance: The Ignorance Meter . .. Klaus North and Stefanie Kares 253 . . . .. Chapter16 Canthe State Stimulate theCreation ofRegional Networks? . . . Experiences From theVirtual Marketplace Bavaria Initiative . . .. Hans-Joachim Heusler and Hans Schedl 265 . . . .. Chapter17 The Region’sCompetenceand Human Capital:Lessons From . .. theCollaboration Between Three European Regions on . . . CompetenceMappingand IntellectualCapital Management . . . LarsKarlsson andPaoloMartinez 275 . . . . . . . . Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page vii TableofContents vii Part Four Intellectual Capital for Cities and Local .. . . Communities 297 . . . . . . . Chapter 18 Learning-by-Playing: Bridging theKnowing-Doing Gap in .. . UrbanCommunities .. . Albert A. Angehrn 299 .. . . . . Chapter 19 Cities’ Intellectual Capital Benchmarking System(CICBS): A . . . Methodology and a Framework forMeasuring and Managing . . . IntellectualCapitalofCities:APracticalApplicationintheCity .. . ofMataro´ .. . Jose´ Marı´aViedma Marti 317 .. . . . . Chapter 20 IntellectualCapital forCommunities: Research and Policy . . . Agenda . . . Ahmed Bounfour 337 .. . . . Index 341 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page viii Bonfour/IntellecutalCapital FinalProof 25.11.2004 12:35pm page ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Contributors .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AlbertA.Angehrn(pp.299–316),INSEAD,TheEuropeanInstituteofBusiness .. . Administration,Fontainebleau,France. .. . . . Jean-EricAubert(pp.61–69),WorldBankInstitute,WorldBankParisOffice,France. .. . . . NickBontis(pp.113–138),DeGrooteBusinessSchool,McMasterUniversity, . . . Hamilton,Ontario,Canada. . . . . AhmedBounfour(pp.3–18,97–112,337–339),UniversityofMarneLaVallee, .. . France. .. . . . DimitriCorpakis(pp.213–225),HeadofSector,EuropeanCommissionDGResearch, .. . Brussels,Belgium. .. . . . LeifEdvinsson(pp.19–34),LundUniversity,Sweden. .. . . . Hans-JoachimHeusler(pp.265–274),BayerischesStaatsministeriumfu¨rWirtschaft, . . . Munich,Germany. . . . . StefanieKares(pp.253–264),UniversityofAppliedSciences,Wiesbaden,Germany. .. . . . LarsKarlsson(pp.275–295),DepartmentofEducation,LundUniversity,Sweden. .. . . . MosahidKhan(pp.37–59),EconomicAnalysisandStatisticalDivision,Directorate .. . forScience,Technology,andIndustry,OECD,Paris,France. .. . . . Jose´ Mar´ıaViedmaMarti(pp.317–335),PolytechnicUniversityofCataloniaand . . . PresidentofIntellectualCapitalManagementSystems,Barcelona,Spain. . . . . PaoloMartinez(pp.275–295),FirenzeTechnology,ChamberofCommerceof .. . . Florence,Italy. . . . . SeiichiMasuyama(pp.165–194),Professor,ResearchInstituteforIndustryand .. . Economics,ChubaUniversity,Japan. .. . . ix
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