Table Of Content

AQ!HQ!E PElKH POyECC el 80286/ 0386/ 6H6nHOTEKA CHCTEMHOrO npOrPAMMHCTA . W'eCTOM TOM .> . , A.B. <I>POJIOB, r.B. <I>POJIOB 3A~H~EHHbIR PEXHM npOQECCOPOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 TIpaK1'IIlIeCKOe PyxOBOACTBO sanramearroro no HcnOJlb30BaHHIO peXHMa ~ 1 . ,/ " ~ ",,:, MOCKBA • "AMMor-MHc!)H" " 1993 /" ",.. .._........ _ ._•• .• _~.__•.•._ •• _._~,._",-..,_._.~;.......,... _~., , ...._."•.• v .._._~,,~ ,'.n ••••._" ...... '"'--'."'''-'-''.~''...... '~~.><. "'-_.,~ ~, BH&;lIHO'J;SKA ~K~2.9'13 CHCTEMHOro npOI'PAMMHCTA "I ,"I' BblnyCKBeTCli c 1991 roAll 'f;' BBEAEHHE r.e, Kaara Dpe.llCT8Bm1eT c06oii: sseneaae B nporpaseorposaaae .lIJUI ~eHHoro pe­ tPp3oJaIO~Be' HAH.BH.i• \tP POpJelO~BH M n~u.eeeoPOB Intel 80286-. ·80386. IHMa 1IIlIp0KO pacnpocrpaaeaaax nponeccopos Intel 80286/80386/80486. B OTJIH­ lIJ91 80486. np8lCTH'leCICoe PYICOBOACTBO, no RCnOJIh3OBaBIIIQ ~ 'lHe OT sapy6exm.DC llBTOpOB aH&JIOI'H'DfhIX KHBf. lIepeBe.lleHHhIX aa pyceKHii K31>1K, ~HlIJ,eHHoro peJmMa.- M;: "D,lfAJIOr.,MHcI>W', 1993.­ MhI CKOHll,eHTpIlpOBlIJIH BHHMaHHe aa rrpaKTHqecKOii: cropoae HCnOJIb30BllUWl 3lIlIJ;H­ 240 c. - (DHMKOTeKa caCTeMHoro nporpaMMRCTa; T. 6>, meHBoro peJlOlMa pa6on.l nponeccopos, B KHHre IIpHBe.lleHO 60JIbWoe KO~ecTBO IIpOrpaMM, COCTaBJIeHHhIX aa Sl3bllWX CH H acceM6JIepa, H BbI cpasy cxoaere npose­ ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6> YqefjHo-cnpallOqHoe noc;o6Me. HMeeT npalt'rMtteCKyIb' HllnpallJlll~. B PHTb 1I0Jl)"leHHbIe 3uaHHSI aa IIpaKTD:e. Bee oIIHcaHHbIe nporpasoes saIIHcaHhl aa .1\11­ 1OIHJ'e onMtaHbI OCo6eHHOC'IH 3lUIV4111,!HHOro pelltJ04.pa6orw npou.~, cxere, KOTOPYlO MOlfCHO KyllHTb .lIOIIOJIHHTeJIbHO. Ilporpasoes nonroroaneasr B cpene npou,eAYpa nepeltJlJOqetiKll _ 3IUU~1II,6tI11..d' pelItMN ~ 'lIl)SBpaT& .. pe&IIIoHIlIA Borland C 3.0, HO MOlKl\O BOCII0JIb30BllTbCSI H Borland C 2.0 HJlH Borland C 3.1: pe...... nJUlll6J'llKW nporpaMMW. AeNOHC'I'PHPY1OUJ,H8 HcnOJU4OBBKMe A*,,"~ • IIpHBe.lleHHbIe npHMepbI HeTpY.llHO ananraposars .lIJUI TPaHCJIsrropa Microsoft Quick C. lII,iHHOro pellUlMB H MYJl1>TM3IlAllQHOQ'b., OnMCaHB. MepapxHll cpclACTB AM ..~ Hawa KHHrll He 1I0XOlll:a aa CnpaBOqHHK 110 rrpoueccopax i80286 H i80386 - 1I0.llO­ 6!NoTT" , ISB hA. JUVMCIPIlli.H Hl)OPNM pl.e JDKO_Se-9.K Bc r'elAHC.!TtHep0WCT MIt. _HHHPTTYepBcJll1je>AHcBwIi nMpBeWpH..llala~H oMn1e PBaIUOMS -' 6H08: JIBTepaTYpbI H3.l1aHO .lIOCTaTOqHO H OHa .lIOCTYlIHa. K TOMY lII:e .lIJUI .cOCTaBJIeHml ,I OHHoA CHcte_ WINDOWS ' " ' pa60Tocnoc06HhIX nporpasea 3aIllHDleHHoro pelfCHMa He.llOCT8TOqHO BlIlI.l\eTb TOJIbKO 'J _cIloPMaUHeB 0 pafiore nponeccopa, HYXHbI eme 3HaHHSI aexoropax armaparaux 1404070900-005 Be306w1u. BBK ~1.973 'oc06eHHOCTeB nepcoaansaoro KOMlIbIOTepa H oco6eHHoCTeH HCIIOJIb3yeMbiX onepana­ 170(03)-93 OHHhIX CHCTeM. 1I03TOMY MbI He CTpeMHJlHCb orracars TOHKOCTH pa60TbI scex KOMaH.l\ " nponeccopa B 3aDlHDleHHOM pelll:HMe - Bci! 3TO eCTb B cnpasonaaxax. MbI IIpHBe.lleM caeaeaas, xoropae 1I03BOJISIT cpaay IIPHCTYIIHTb K COCTaBlIeHHIO co6CTBeHHbIX npor­ Y'Ie6Ho-cnpallO"lHOll H3jUlHHe r paMM, pa60TaIODlHX B 3aDlHDleHHOM pelll:HMe, B qaCTUOCTH .lIpaihlepOB anrraparypu H C1>po.1IOB 'MeKcall)ij) BSlllecJlaBOBUlI MyJIbTH33,l¥l'lHbIX MOHBTOpOB, nporpasos, aKTHBHO pa60TaIODlHX C 60JIbIIlHMH MaceH­ cI>po)IOB rpHropHii BSlllec./laBOBKlI BllMH ,lIllHHhlX. 3a OCHOBy BbI MOXereB351Tb npHMepbI nporpasor H3 KHHm. 3a~lIJ,eHllVA pe~HM npou.eeoopos Jl,JN TeX, KTO eme He 3HaKOM C 3amHDleHHbIM pelKHMOM pa60Thl, cxaxex, lITO 3TOT Intel 80286...80386, 80486. A,I peJlOlM SlBmleTCSI OCHOBHbIM H eCTeCTBeHHbIM peXHMOM pa60Thl rrponeccopos i80286, npaKTHlIeCKoe pyKOBOACTBO i80386 H i80486. TOJIbKO B 3amHmeHHoM pexaxe nOJIHOCTbIO peanH3yIOTCSI see B03­ no HCDOJIb30Ba1Ul1O 3aIIUlw;eHH~ro peJltHMa )~i MOlfCHOCTH, 3&JI0~HHbIe B apXHTeKTYPY npoueccopos. 3aDlHDleHHblH pelUlM pa60Tbi ~. '.1 HCIIOJIb3YeTCSI BO MHomx nporpaMMHbIX rrponyxrax, TaKHX, KaK onepauaoaaue CHC­ TeMhl UNIX, XENIX, OS/2. PC-MOS, QNX, Desk View, CeTeBbIX onepauaoaaux CRCTeMaX NOVELL, B onepauaoaaoa CHCTeMe Microsoft WINDOWS, B' .lIpaUBepax MaKeT O.A. Kys"NHHa80A ' Q6.nolKKa H.B. AMHTPHeBOA pacmapeaaoa naMlITH EMM386 H QEMM, B CYB.n. ORACLE. Xopomo aasecraas Koppenop B.C. KYCTOB CHCTeMa pa3pa60TKH nporpaseraoro 06eCneqeHHSI Borland C raxxe MOlKeT patiorars nOAllHcaHO B neqaTJo 20.09.93. ~pMaT 6Ox84/16. I;Ie'lllTb o4lceTMali• B 3llDlHlIleHHOM pelKHMe, npa 3TOM ee npOH3B0.llHTeJIbHOCTb 3aMeTHO B03paCT8er. Yen. neq.lI. 13.95. Yq.-HSA. JI,. 11.65. THpalK 20000 3K3. 3&1(83 95". Ilepcnexrasuas onepauaoaaas CHCTeMa Microsoft WINDOWS NT TaKxe HCIIOJIb3yeT AKuHottepttoe 06l11,ecT80 "AHAJlor-MHclJH" 3aDlHDleHHbIH pelKHM pafioru npoueccopa, 115409. Mocna" Yll. MocKaopeqJoe. 31. Kop,,",2 , . ' B aacrosmee BpeMSI B 06JIacTH nporpaseeroro 06ecneqeHHlf npOCJIelKHBlleTCSI TeH­ nO,ll()JlloCKHA ~MJUWI "Iexo.cKOrO flOJIHI'Pll~H'IecKOro .lIeHllHlI OpHeHTaUHH aa 060JIOQKy Microsoft WINDOWS, nOJIb3YIOlIlYIOCSI OrpOMHOH nonyJISlpHOCTbIO BO BceM MHpe. O.llHaKO He ace 3HaIOT, lITO Microsoft WINDOWS ­ koMClHHllTa " 142100, r, UO,llOJlbCK. MocKOaCllIli 06n.•YJI. KHpoBB. 15 3TO He TOJIbKO npexpacaas rpacllHKa, np0.llYMaHHbIH .lIH3aHH H Y.llOOCTBO B pafiore. Bee nporpaMMbI, pa3pa6aTblBlleMbIe }{.IISI WINDOWS, pa60TaIOT B 3alIlHDleHHoM pexHMe, H OHH HCnOJIb3YIOT BCIO MOIIlb cospexeaasex npoueccopoa H see B03MOlKHOCTH KOM­ @ A.B. clJpClJIOB. r.a, c;l)pOJJOlI~ 1993 IIbIOTepa (B OTJIHQHe OT nporpasos, OpHeHTHpOBllHHbIX TOJIbKO aa MS-DOS). ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6) '@ OPHrMH&JI-MalteT. ~pMJIeHHe o6JIOlKllH. ISBN 5-86404-004-5 AO ",[(HAJlOr-MH~H", 1993 . "AHAlTOr-MHtlJw 1 4 38UlHUliJHHhlH P8)KHI.f npOlJ8CCOpOB Int81 80286/80386/80486 BB8,Q8HH8 5 IIo.noMY ecJIB BhI W18HHpYeTe cocraaasrs nporpaMMhl AJIlI WINDOWS, ,BaM npaKTH'IecKOM HCn0JIb30BaHHB 38lllH1lleHHoro pclKHMa B KOMnblOTCpe'IBM AT H APY­ XOAHMO 3HaTb oco6eHHOCTH' pa60Thl rrponeccopa B ~eHHoM pe:lllllMe. ~ mx KOMDblOTCpaX, BhlDllJIHeHHhIX aa 6a3e nponeccopos i80286, i80386, i80486. ecJIH BbI 6YAere pa3pa6aT&IBaTb ,lij)aiIBephi HJIH ,lij)yrBe nPorpllMMlll, pa6oTa~~ Bmopax Z/Ul6a KHHrH COAeplXH'r npocroa npaxep nporpaMMhI, nepeuoAlllIl,ei npo­ annapaTYpoH, JIH60 ecJIH Bl\mH nporpaMMhI 6yAYT 06pa6aTblB8Tb OOm.mue ' neccop i80286 B 38mmn;eHHhli pelKHM H B03BHam.alOlD,Hi ero 06paTHo. Ha npllMepe AaHHhIX (nopJl,A1Ul HecXOJIbDIX Mera6aAT HJIH Ante HecXOJIbKHX AecsrnOB Me STOB: nporpaMMhI BhI CMOlKere nOJly'lHTb DpCACTB8JleHBe 0 rox, UK BIlmOJlHlllOTClI Hama KIfHI'a MOlKeT CTBTb AJIlI BaC nepBhIM maraM K nporpatolYHPOBaHBlO A/UI npOll,~pbl IlXOAB nponeccopa B ~eHHllli pellOlM pa60Thl H B03BpaTll B peans­ TH38A8'IHhIX onepanaoamsx CHCTeM, TIlKIIX, xax WINDOWS, OS/2 HJIH UNIX. HhIii: pe:KHM pa60Tbl. HaH60J1ee O'leBMAHhI npeHMYmeCTB8 381llH1ll~HHOro pelKllMa AJllI pememu Tpemss-enaea nOCBlIIII,eHa npephlBaHBlIM H HCXJIIO'IeHHllM B 3llIllHII{eHBoM pesos­ CB.ll38HHhlXC 06pa6oTx0i 60JIbllIBX MaCCHBOB ~' Hanpasrep, AJllI oopal Me. BhI noiMere pa3HBllY MelltAY MexaHB3MaMH npephlBaHBi peansaoro H 38IIJ,HII1,eH­ rpactJlAecKIIX ABHHhlX, nOJ!Y'leHHhIX co csaaepa, npa 1t0JIH'lecrBe ~ aoro PCllOlNOB, aa 1t0RlCpeTHOM npaaepe npoI'paMMhl HayqHTecb 06pa6aTblB8Tb anna­ paBHoM 256, MOZeT nOTpe60Ba11oC1I HecKOJIbKO ,tteClITltOB Mera6iiiT onepaTHBl:loA', paraue H rrporpasoeasre npephlBaHHlI, a Taae HCXJIIO'IeHHll B 38mmn;eHBoM pelKHMe. MlITH. MexaHH3M TIlK H83bI1laeMOH BHpTY8JIbHoA naMlITH, peami30BllHBhli B ByAYTpaccxorpeau sonpoca HHHUH8JlH~ KOBTpOJIJIepa npephlB8lUlH A/UI pa60Thl copax i80386 H i80486 (H paOOraIOIUHii 'l'OJIbKO B 38iuumeHHoM pexaae), n' B 38IIJ,HII1,eHBOM pelKHMe. npeAOCTllBHTb nporpaMMaM npaxrasecaa HeorpaHH'IeHHhIii: Ooo.eM BHPTYliJ1bHQA '" 'lemaepmaJI lJIaiJa COAeplKHT CBCAeHHlI 06 HCnOJlb30BaHHH MyJlbTH38A8'IHhIX B03­ paTHIlHoii: naxsra, peaJUl30BaHHOii: CHCnOJlb30BllKHeM Marmrmoto ABCKa. ' MOlKHOCTeH, peanasosaamsx a'npoueccope i80286 annaparao, Mhi npHlJe):\eM npHMep AalKe ecJIH' BhI COCTallJUleTe nporpaMMhl, opaesrapoeaaaae TOJlbKO H8 MS­ npocroro MYJIbTH38Al1'1HOro MOHHTopa H aa ero npaxepe nOKa:xeM, KaK MOlKHO opra­ BaM Bce paBHO RPHAi!Tcll cronxayrsca C 3aID,HmeHHhIM pellCHMOM pa60Th1 npc HH30BaTb pa3AeJJeHHe nponeccopaoro speMeHB MelltAY OAHOBpeMeHHO BhlnOJlHlllOID,H­ 3TO CBlI38HO C TeM, 'ITO A/UI YBeJIlAeHHlI AOCTYDHOro nporpaMMaM, om.eMa ~plt: MUClI 38A8'18MU. KpOMe roro, Mhi paCCMOTpHM BOnpOCHI CHliXPOHH38IUlH BhIDOJlBeHHll Hoi nllMJlTH 'l8CTO HCnOJIb3ywTClI Apa~Bephi pacnrapeaaos naMllTH EMM38~, 3BAa'l H HCD0Jlb30BaHHe ceMactJopoB. QEMM. EcJm YCTBHOBJIeH OAHH H3 3THX ApaHBepOB, npoueccop pa60TlleT YlICC IIstn,.aJI lJlaaa nocasmeaa oco6eHHOCTlIM nponeccopoa i80386 H i80486. Mhi pac­ PeaJIbHOM pelKHMe, ~ B TaK Ua3h1BaeMOM pelKHMe "BHPTYIlJIbHOro nponeccopa 81 CKazeM 06 YHHK8lIbHOii cxexe rrpeodpasosaaxs BApecOB. n03BOJI.llIOmei nporpa-aM (B KOTOphli OH nOD8A8eT H3 38lllH1lleHHoro pe:KHMa). EcJm sama nporpaMMa (. aapecosars npaxrasecxx HeorpaHH'IeHHhlH Ooo.eM naMlITH. BYAYT paccxorpeaa oco­ H83Ha'leHHUAJllI pa60Th1BMS"DOS) sanymeaaBcpene WINDOWS Bpe'IUIMCJ !ieHHOCTH 06pa60TKH npepblBaHlfH H MYJlbTH38A8l1HOCTH, a TaKlICe pe:KHM BHPTY8JlbHO­ Enhanced M~de", OHa TIlKlICe 6YAeT BhlnOJlJUlTbClI npoueccopoa B pellOlMe Ole: ro npoueccopa 8086. 8.nbHOro nponeccopa 8086". B iuecmoi; enaee ODHC8Ha aepapxas cpencra, AocrynHhlx 06h1'IHhIM DOS-npor­ ECJIH npa p83pa60TKe nporpaMMhI, OpHeHTHpoBaHHOH aa MS-DOS, He npBJill paNNaM A/UI pa60Th1 B 38lI1,HmeHHOM pelKHMe. BO BHHMaHBe B03MOlKHOCTb pa60Thl aa "BHPTY8JIbHOM nponeccope", 0H8 MoiKeT ' B".noi rnaae ODHC8HhI CPCACTBB BIOS, xoropue nporpaxaa MOllteT HCD0JIb30BaTb 3811oC1I HecoBMeCTHMOH CWINDOWS HJIH APabepaMH EMM386 H QEMM. ~ nepeJUlIO'IeHBlI B 381llH1lli!HHhlH pellCHM H AJllI aocryna K pacmapeaaoa naMllTH, TauM 06pa30M, pa3pa6aThlBall npcrpasesy AJllI MS-DOS, BaM CJIeAYeT npo HHTepctJeAchi YCPI H DPMI, a T/tKlIte pacmHpurenH DOS AJlll pa60Tb1 B 3amam.eHHoM BOnpOCHI COBMeCTHMOCTH C ApaiBepaMH pacnrapeaaoa naMlITH H 060.110; pe:KHMe - DOS-3KCTeHAephi. ' WINDOWS. A AJllI 3TOro BhI AOJllKHhI 3H8Tb oc06eHHOCTH 38lllHmeHHoro pe HHTepctJeHc YCPI (Yirtual Control Programm Interface) 06J1erqaeT COCTaBJIeHBe pclKHM8 JJHPTY8JIbHOro nponeccopa 8086. nporpasee, HCnOJIb3YlOIllHX 38lllH1lleHHhlA pellCHM pa60Thl nponeccopos. 3TOT HBTep­ Kpoxe 06ecne'leHHll KOppeKTHOH pa60Tb1 B BHpTY8JlbHOM peIHMe npou, ctJeHC AocryneH B TeX l;JIY'lallx, KOrAS B KOMDblOTepe YCTBHOBJIeH npoueecop i80386 3H8HBe ocotieaaccrea 38lllHmeHHoro PClKH~ n03BOJIHT BaM nOJlHO' H 34J4lextf HJIH i80486 H acnonssyercs Apabep p8CmRpCHHOH naMlITH, aH8JlOrHlIHhIii: EMM386 HCnOJlb30BaTb TIlKoi pecypc KOMDblOTCpa, UK pacmapeaaas orreperaaaas na HJIH QEMM. o HHTepctJeAc DPMI npCACTBBJllleT co6oH HHTepctJeil:c 60Jlee BhlCOKOro yposaa, qeM coiJepxaHuu ICHUlU YCPI. 3ror HBTepctJeAcAocryneH B CPCAe WINDOWS BepCHH 3.0 HJIH 3.1, pa60T810­ B nepeou ZlUUJe KHHm MhInpHBOAHM OCHOBHhle Te0pCTHqecKHe CBeACHHlI 0 meii: B pclKHMe "386 Enhanced Mode". npoueccopa B 38mmn;eHHoM pe:KHMe. npH .nOM MhI He npe1eHAYeM Ha nOJIHOT)', Ced"MaJI z.JIaaa nOCBlIm.eHa onepall,HOHHoii: CHCTeMe Microsoft WINDOWS. 3T1l , C8HBlI B03MOlKHOCTei npOlleccopa. Ha 3TOM .nane uama lleJ1b - AaTb MHHHMyM onepaUHoHHall CHCTeM8 n03BOJIlIeT HCnOJlb30BaTb He TOJIbKO npOI-paMMhI, pa'3paOOraH­ HRH, Hco6xoABMhIX AJlll roro, qro6h1 npHcrynHTb K COCTllBJICHHIO ncpBhIX npo: Hhle CneUH8J1bHO AJllI Hee, HO H 06b1'1Hh1e DOS-nporpaMMhI. IIpa pa60re WINDOWS p'1aH6H0KTHa lHO IAllHPXy mII e3 8KIlHlHHmm.e,H BH OKMO rpoeplhltiHXM OeD. HBC 8cHnaH CpKae6 0JTlHaT BeCpaeXT YKpOhiM eaCHTAb BC C3haIlJDIK,HHw .He:aHB cOi~ :'" B pacmupeHHoM pellCHMe "386 Enhanced Mode" DOS-nporpaMMhI nonyqalOT AonOJl­ HHTeJIbHhle 1I03MOlKHOCTH. OHH MOryT nepeKJIKJ'IaTbCll B 38lllHmeHHhlH pelKHM H 06­ lKHMe H DpHBeAeHhI ctJoPMaTbi BCex perHCTpOB. Mhi lICe CKOHll,eBTpHpyeM BIIHM: paTHO (B pellCHM BHPTY8JlbHOro npoueccopa 8086), MOryT06MeHHBaTbClI HHctJopMa­ "AHA.nOr-MHtPH" 3B~H~iiHHblH PSJKHAI npOI.4SCCOpOB InfsI80286/80386/80486 (Ilea C nporpaMMaMH WINDOWS C nOMO~1O MexaHH3Ma CLIPBOARD (C1'llHAApT­ Fnaea J (oro AJUI nporpaxa WINDOWS MexaHH3Ma o6MeH8 HHIlx>PMa~ea). OCOBEHHOCTH 3AIIJ;HII(EHlIOrO MbI paccxorpaa raxxe aexoropsre sonpoca COBMecTHO~ pa60TIll pe3H,l{eHTHhIX rporpasoe DOS H ~paiiBepoB DOS C OnepaUHOHHOa cHCTeMoH WINDOWS. PE)I(HMA llPO:QECCOPA i8028.6 Hefionsmoe 38MeqaHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO nepeopaemauaa nporpaxa "BU6JIHoreKH HCTeMHoro nporpasoracra" aa Borland C. llpei:!~YmHe TOMB conepxarra npHMepbl rporpasos, nonroroaneamae ~S1 Microsoft Quick C HJIH Microsoft C 6.0. H8l1HH8S1 C llOAABJISIIOx«ee 60J1bmUHCTBO BJl8J\eJIblleB nepcoHaJIbHblX ICOMIlbIOTePOB. COBMecTH­ rerneproro TOMB MbI pemana H3MeHHTb nnanpopxy H paCCTaTbCSI C TpaHCJISITopaMH NbiX C IBM PC, HcnOJlb3YlOT onepaIUIOHHYIO cHCTeN)'. Microsoft MS-DOS HJIH aaano­ PHPMbI Microsoft. 3TO Bbl3BaHO B OCHOBHOM ~YMSI npHqHHaMH. Ilepsas HOCHT, ecJIH mHYIO ({8M PC DOS HJIH DIgital Research DR DOS). Bee 3TH OlJepallHoHHble esc­ 'aK MOlKHO Bblpa3HTbCSI, TaKTHqeCKHH xapaxrep, a sropas - crpareraxecxaa.: reNlll U3Ha'UlJlbHO pa3pa6aTbl1laJJHCb ~ MHXponpolleceopa epHpMW .n~ i8086 HJJB eroSonee ~emesoro aaanora 18088. HMeHHo TaKHeMIU:ponpOlleccOPbl 61>lJ1u YCTaHo­ • llOJlHTHKa Borland aa pOCCHHCKOM psraxe npasena K TOMy, lITO CTOHMOCTb H3­ B./leHblB nepsax nepcoHaJlbHblJCItOMlJblOTepax CpHP!o(bI IBM - IBM PC H IBM XT. ~eJIHH 3TOH <pHPMbI B py6J1S1x 3HaqHTeJIbHO HHlKe CTOHMOCTH aH8JlOI1f'lHlllX Ilponeccopu i8086 B 18088 OTHOCSITCSI.K 16~pa3PSlilH1>lM npoueccopaa. MaxcH­ npoayxros <pHPMbl Microsoft. 3TO cnocoecrsyer HX 60Jlee mHpOKOMY pacnpo­ ~HblA om.eM 8J\pecyeMoA BMH onepaTHBHOO naMSITH COCTaBJISleT,1 M'6ah, sro on­ cTj)aHeHHIO aa pblHKe. peAeJISleTcll HCnOJlb30BaHUeM 20-pa3pSl~Hoii: 8J\pecaUHH lJaNllTH. • B aacrosmee BpeMSI 60JlbmHHCTBo rrepeaosax nporpaseaacros nepexonar OT . BbI saaere, qro p83pa60TtIHXH 4JJfPMbl IBM H3 scero Mera611HTHoro aapecaoro Txje) ~TpHa~HHCOJHISHITOOrpoO nB po~Srp1a soomr,aepKoTaHaOa-aOsp HKe HoTmH,epKOTBHaOH-HObplXH eHS1T3Hb1pKOOBB aHBHoorMlayn. dH a38 lpUs1rJa1­ a "BIJopoeC ~1'pa HBCITOBSll OUT aBleJJlJIHa 'p~aITIY POhni.e paTHBHOH lJaMJlTH. 640 K6aiiT, sapesepsaposaa 0CTllJIb­ Hau60Jlee npoxayro n03HUHIO, B qaCTHOCTH, 6J1aro~apSl ee nOCJle~HeMY H~e­ HNeHHo H8 TaKylO KOHepHrypa~ anpecaoro IJpOCTpaHCTBa H paCC'tDITiula onepa­ JlBIO - Borland C++ 3.1. ee qHOHH811 CHCTeMa MS-DOS (H aH8JlOm). l103TO!O(y NaKCHMaJIbHWi'pasxep onepa­ Qro6b1 He 6b1Tb roJlOCJIOBHblMH no nOBO~y uea, npHBe~eM lleHhl aa CHCTeMbl pas­ :THBHOH lJaMSITH, ~ocryIIHOH nporpaMMaM, pa60TalOII(HM IJO~ ynpailJIeHHeM MS-DOS, la60TKH nporpasoraoro o6ecneqeHHSI no npeacxyparrry HHHOBa~OHHOro uearpa 06bJl1HO cocraaaser 500 ": 620 K6aAT, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT sepcaa onepaJUJoHHoi cac­ Tlepcrrexraaaue TeXHOJlOI'HH" OT 24 asrycra 1992. TCNIll H ee HaCTj)OHKH, OT rana KOMlIblOTepa, OT KOHepurypa~H ~paHBepOB H pesane­ HTHIllX nporpaso«. H3iJeJlUe Ilena, py6. Ilo Mepe BHe~peHHII nepcOH8JlbHblX KOMIJbIOTePOB B pa3JJHQHble eepePbl .QeJlTeJIbHO­ Microsoft C/C++ 7.0 126900 CTH qeJIOBeKa 6hJCTPO B03paCT8JlH CJI0~HOC'Mt nPorpaMMHoro 06ecneQeHHII Ii Tpe(iOBa­ Microsoft QuickC for WINDOWS .51 150 HWI K annapnype rrepcoaaasaoro xosmsiorepa. Cxopo CTllJIO S1CHO, sro ~S1' ycnem­ Borland C++ & Appl. Frameworks 3.0 24000 aero penreaas MHOI'HX 38,/laq o6'beMa lJaMlITH B 640 K6alIT'lIBHO senocraronao. Borland C++ 3.0 17 100 Cne.llYIOmaSl YAAqu8ll'MO~em. nponeccopa 4JUPNhI lntel - 16-pa3P~Hblii npoueccop i80286 - npH~HnHaJJbHO OTJlHQaeTcllOT 18086. 3TOT npoueccop MOlKeT pa60TaTb B ~.I:,: KOMMeHTapHH HMHlliHH. ~BYX pelKHMaX - peanbHOM U ~eHHOM. IJTO JKe KacaeTCSI om.eKTHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHoro nporpaseeapoaaaas.tro 6e3 npe­ i~ B peanbHOM pelKHMe nponeccop 180286 lIBJIJleTCll IJpaxTHqecKH IJOJIBblN aaanorox IBeJIHqeHHSI MOlKHO CKa3aTb, qTO HMeHHO 6J1aro~apSl esry <pHpMa Borland saaana JIB­ ill086, HO HMeeT 60JJbwee 6blCTPO~eKCTBue. B peaJJbHblK pelKHM npoueceop nepeKJIIO­ lHpYlOmee MeCTO B o6J1acTH nporpasomoro o6ecneqeHHSI.. qaetcSlIJOCJIearmaparnero c6poca HJJH nocne BKJJlOqeHH1I nHTaHHII KOMIJbIOTepa. , l103TOMy Mbl nparnauraex qHTaTeJleil "BH6J11wTeKH cacrexaoro rrporpaaxacra" .. PeanbHblH PflKHM OOecneqHBaer IIOJlHYIO COBMecTHMDC.Tb npoueccopa 180286 C :AeJIaTb nepaua mar B HanpaBJIeHHH 06'beKTHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHoH TeXHOJlOrHH - oc­ nporpaMMHblM 06ecneQeHUeM, nO~I'OTOBJIeHHblM ,lImI i8086. lIo3TOMY KOMnbIOTep, IOHTb cacrexy nporpaMMHpOBaHHSI Borland C. B A8JlbHeilmeM Mbl nJIaHHpyeM B aa­ IBMAT (H ero aJlaJlonr). B KOTOpOM YCTaHOBJIeH npoaeccop 180286, cnocodea 6e3 nHX xaarax aKTHBHO nporraraunaposars om,eKTHo-opHeHTHpOBaHHOe nporpasesapo­ 'lPYWI pa60TaTb C onepaUUOllHoil CHCTeMOA MS-DOS Ii IJporpaWNaMH, pa3pa60TaH­ iaaae Ha' S13blKe C++. HbIM paaee ~S1 npeueccopa i8086. ' ABTOpbl BblpaJKalOT 6J1aro~apHOCTb COTPYAHHKy AO ")l,HAJIOr-MHcDW' MaKcHMY 0AHaxo DOJIHOCTblO BOSNOlKHOcm i80286 peaJJH3YlOTCII B TaK Ha3hlB8eMOM 38­ :::HHeBy aa ueaasre peKOMeHAa~HH no cO~epJKaHHIO KHHI'H " 38 CymeCTBeHHYIO no­ IItHIUfHHOM. pelKHNe, B 1\:000pblil npoueccop MOlKeT rrepecmosarscaaa pea.1IbHOl'O pe­ Wmb, OKa3aHHYlO npa patiore nan pa3~eJIOM, nocBSlmeHHblM DOS-3KCTe~epaM. Mbl .lKBM8 CnCUH8JlbHOH KOMBH,!\OH. 'aKJKe 6J1aroAapHM scex COTPY~HHKOB AO ")l,HAJIOr-MHcDH", npHHHMaBlliHX ysac­ , ,B 38lUHlIJ~HHON' pelKHNe nponeccop i80286 nO}lHOCTbIO npeo(ipalKaeTClI. HClJom.­ 'He B nonrorosxe KHHI'HK H3AaHHIO, syll cosepmeaao HHOA Mero~ 8J\pecaUHH naMlITH, nponeccop i80286 pacmapser aape­ "AHAIIOr-MHtPw s 36WHWiiHHblH peXHM npOL/8CCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 OC06eHHOCTH 3BuPlW9HHOro pe1K#fMB npoL/er;COpB /80286 9 :Hoe npocrpaacrso ,110 16 M6aih. Ilpoueccop i80286 B 3II1WIUl,eHHOM pelKHMe HMeer HOM peEHMe (386 Enhanced Mode) nporpasoaa MOlKeT pacnopsxarscs HeCKOJlbll;HMH 1ICTP0eHHylO nOMeplKKy MynbTH3IIAa'lHhlx onepanaomnsx CHCTeM, 3HallHTeJlbHo)'C­ AecllTKa~ Mera6aAT BHPTYaJIbHOH onepaTHBHOH naMlITK, Aalll:e ecna B KOMnblOTepe WplllOUl,ylO H ynpoUl,8IOUJ,y1O npouecc rrepexmoeeaaa 3llA8l1. 3Ta nOMepJKica llKTHBHO ycraaoaneao TOJlbKO 3 - 4 M6aiTa <pH3H'IecKOH oneparasaoa naMlITH. acnonssyerca scexe MynbTH3lIAallHhlMH onepallHoHHhlMH cHcreMaMH H 06o,rJo.ue.BMH, KOHe'IHo, BHPTYanbHall naMlITbpa60TaeT MeAJIeHHee, 'IeM <pH3H'IecKall, HO, BO­ pa3pa601'8HHhlMH.lIJIlI KOMDblOTepa IBM PC/AT. nepBhlX, 100 M6aHT BlfllTYllJIbHoii naMlITH 06oA,AyTClI BaM HeH3MepHMO nemeane, qeM KpOMe pacnrapeaas anpecaoro npocrpascrsa, HOBhlH MeTOA anpecanaa naMliTH fOOM6aAT <pH3H'IecKOH naMliTH, a BO-BTOphlX, npoueccopsr 180386 H 180486 HCnOJlI>­ 1l03BOnlleT H30JlHP0BaTb aapecaue npocrpaacrsa OTAeJIbHhlX 3lIA8l1 APyr OT APyra. 3y1OT Cn~lIJlbHhle anrraparuue cpencrsa, ycxopsiomae pa60Ty nO~HcreM!>I BHpTy­ OpH 3ToM npaxnaaaas nporpasoaa, pa60TalOUl,811 B cpene onepannoaaoa CHCTeMhl., f1CnoJlb3YIOUl,eH 3alWlUl,eHH~H pelKHM, He MOlKeT CJIyqaHHO MH HaMepeHHO paapy­ lIJIWKpIooAa ena MTOliTI'OH, . TOJIbKO MexaHH3M crpaHHlIHoH BHpTyaJIbHOH naMlITH MOlKeT o6ecne­ IIIHTb ~ocrHocrb C8MOK onepauaoanoa CHCTeMhI. ' qllTb npHlUlllAHhle rrporpasocs OTHOCHTeJlbHO 6h1crpOH oneparasnoa naMlITbIO, pas­ ,if] BCnOMHHTe, CKOJlbKO pas BaM npHXOAH.IIOCb nepesarpyxars onepauacsayio CHCT¢­ MCP KOTOpoii 60Jlbme pasxepa <pH3HQeCKOH naMlITH, ycraaosneaaoa B KOMnblOTepe. My MS-DOS B npouecce OTJIaAKH pesaaeamux <As H lie TonbKO peal\AeHTHhlx!) npo­ nOMllMp crpaHH'IHOH BHPTYaJIbHOH naMlITH B npoueccopax i80386 H i80486 pea­ rpaMM. Tal' ltaK B peansaca pelKHMe sanra nporpaseaa MOlKeT BhlnOJlHlITb 3IIDHCb "nH30BaH TalC: Ha3h1BaeMhlii pellCHM BHPTYaJIbHOro npoueccopa i8086 HJlH npocro BHp­ ~aHHhlX no nt06h1M anpeeaa B npeneaax nepsoro Mera6aiha, eH HHlIero He CTOHT sa­ tyanbl{JllB. pe:IICHN. 3TOT pelKHM peanaayercs B paxsax 3IIUl,HllleHHoro pelII:HMa (npo­ rracars 'ITO-HH6YAb B 06nacTb naMlITH, npHHaAJIelKallleH onepanaonaoa CHCTeMe MS­ '}1 'ueccop NOlll:eT'nepeKJIlOlIHTbClI B BHPTyaJIbHhlH pellCHM TOJlbKO H3 381W1Ul,S~HDro pe­ DOS, MH acrroprars aexropayio 1'86J1HIlY npephlBaHHH. lII:HMa). B BHPTYaJIbHOM pelKHMe npoueccop cnocofiea BblnOJlHlITb nporpaseea, cocra­ B 3IIlWIllleHHOM pelll:HMe rrporpasesa MOlll:eT 3aDHCblBBTb AaHHhle TOJlbKO B re 06na­ BJleHHhIC AJllI npoueccopa i8086, aaxonscs B 3IIUl,HllleHHOM pelKHMe H acnonsaya an­ :'I'H naMlITH, xoropue BhlAeJIeHbI eH onepauaoanoa CHCTeMOH. 3TO CRnbHOnoasmraer naparaue cpencrsa 3II~Ul,eHHoro pelll:HMa: MYJlbTtl3lIAallHOCTb, H30JlllpOBaH~e aapec­ f1aAelll:Hocrb pa60Thi MynbTH3aAallHblX H, B sacraocra, MYJlbTHnOJlb30BaTeJIbCKHX one­ 'HhIXnpocrpaHCTB OTAeJIbHhlX 3llAAlI npyr OTAPyra, crpaaanaas BHPTYaJIbHall naMlITb. pauaoaaux CHCTeM. B nocneaaex cnysae H30nHpOBaHHe aapecaux npoerpaaera 311­ HaJIH'lHe BHPTY8JlbHOro pelKHM;a 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO 06J1erqlteT npoexraposaaae onepa­ ~all, npHH8AJIelKa~x OTAeJIbHhIM nOJlb30BaTeJIlIM, B xopomo cnpoexrapoaaaaoa IlHOBHhlX CHCTeM, cnoc06Hhlx BhlnOJlHlITb onaoapexeaao B MYJlbTH3l1,llllQHOM' pelKHMe MYJlbTHnOJlb30BaTeJIbCKOH onepauaonaoa cacrexe nOJlHOCTblO HCKnIO'I8eT 1'8KylO CM­ aecK!'JlbKO nporpasee, OpHeHTHpOBaHHhlX Ha onepanaonnyro CHCTeMy MS-DOS. ryauaro, KorAa nocne sanycxa OAHHM nOJlb30BaTeJIeM HeAOCTaTOllHO OTnalKcHHoK B03MOlII:HOCTb oAHoBpeMeHHoH pa60Tbl HecKOJlbKHX nporpaMM, npenaaaaauemnax .lIJIlI 1lP0rpaMMhI npHxOAHTClI nepesanycxars BCIO CHCTeMy. MS-DOS, peaxaaosaaa, aanpaaep, B onepauaoaaux cacreuax WINDOWS BepcHH Boofinie rosops, no CBOHM B03MOlKHocrllM npoueccop i80286 B 3II~llleHHOM pe­ 3.0 H3.1 (B pacmapennoa pelKHMe H TOJlbKO npa HaJIHqHH nponeccopos i80386, IICHMe 60nbme nOXOlK aa uearpansaue npoueccopu 60JlblliHX H MHHH-3BM, lIeM aa 180486), OS/2 sepcaa 2.0, Desk View 386. MHKponpolleccophl, HCnOJlb30BaBlliHeClI B nepsux MOAeJIlIX nepconansasrx KOMDbIO­ " nepe'IHCJlHTd KpaTKO OCHOBHhle npeaxyinecrsa, xoropue nonyxaer nporpaxxa, repos, n03TOMY i80286 (a TaKlICe CJIeAYIOUl,He MOAeJIH - i80386 H i80486) 06h1'IHo Pa60TlllOIlUill B 38Ul,HUl,eHHOM pelKHMe npoueccopa: ..;.: f1a3b1BBIOT He MHKponpOlleccopaMH, a npoueccopasor. :'~ • . B03NOlll:Hocrb HenOCpeACTBeHHOH IlApeC811HH naMlITH 311 npeAenaMH' nepsoro B CJIeAYlOlllHX MOAeJllIX npoueccopos <pHpMhI Intel - i80386 H i80486 - nOMHMO Mera6aii1'8; pacmapeaaa anpecaoro npocrpascrsa AO YMonoMpallHTeJIbHOA BeJIHlIHHhI B 4 I'6am • .lIJIlI nponecopos i80386 H i8J486 peanasoaaa MeX8HH3M crpaHll'lHOi BHpTy­ peanasoaaaa xoauernras crpaHHlIHoH BHpryaJIbHOH naMlITH. Bc~ 3TO B03MOlKHO TOJIb­ aJIbHOH naMlITH, n03BOJllllOUl,HH nporpaMMaM patiorars C naMlITblO, pasxep W B 38~llleHHOM pelKHMe., KOTOPOH MOlll:eT 6h1Tb MHOro 60JlbWe <PH3HqecKOH oneparasaoa naMlITH, ycra­ He BAaBallCb B nerana (HX MbI paCCMOTpHM n03l1Ce) , MOllCHO CKa3aTb, 'ITO Mexa­ HOBJIeHHOH B KOMnbIOTepe; ~H3M CTPaHHlIHOH BHpTyaJIbHOH naMlITH n03BOJllleT pa3MecTHTb lIaCTb OnepaTHBHOH • annaparnaa nOAAeplKKa NYJlbTH31lAa'lHOCTH n03BOJllleT C03AaBaTb Ha ocHoBe laMlITH Ha AHcKe. B HaCTOllUl,ee BpeMlI crOHMOCTb OnepaTHBHOH naMlITH. T8KOBa, 'ITO npolleccopoB, pa60Ta1OU1Hx B 3aUl,HUl,eHHOM pelKHMe BbicoKOnpOH3BQAHTeJIb­ JeAKO MOllCHO BCTpeTHTb nepcOHaJIbHble KOMnblOTephl, OCHaUl,eHHbIe 60Jlee lIeM 16 Hhle MYJlbTH38AA'IHhle H MYJlbTHnOJlb30BBTeJIbCKHe cHcreMhI; M6aHTaMH onepaTHBHoH naMlITH. 06h1l1HO lKe B HaJIHlIHH ee HMeeTClI Bcero 3­ • 3Ql<PeKTHBHall pa60Ta HecKOJlbKHX nporpaMM, COCTaBJIeHHhlX AJllI MS-DOS, 4 M6aHTa. Ho ecnH Balli KOMnblOTep HMeeTAHCK 60JlbmOrO pa3Mepa, Bbi Mo.ere 311­ OCHOBaHH811 Ra HCnOJlb30BaHHH BHpTyaJIbHOro pelKHMa pa60Tb1 DpOlleci:opa. ~eHCTBOBaTb lIaCTb AHcKa AJllI c03AaHHlI BHpryaJIbHOM onepaTHBHOH naMliTH. npH JTOM pa3Mep OnepaTHBHOH naMlITH (BHpTyaJIbHOH), npeAOCTaBJIlleMOH nporpaMMaM, )if3YQeHHC 3IIUl,HUl,eHHoro pelll:HMa Mhi HallHeM C onHC8HHlI MeTOAa 1lApeC811HH )rpaHHlIeH pa3Be liTO JlHllib pa3MepOM CB060AHOro npocrpaHCTBa Ha AHCKe. naMllTH, KOpeHHhlM 06pa30M oTJiH'IaIQU1erocll OT npHBhlQHoro AlllI BaC MeTOAa HanpHMep, npH pa60Te B cpeAe onepallHOHHOH CHCTeMbi WINDOWS BepcHH 3.0 H .:<ceI'MeHT:cNeUl,eHHe> peanbHoro pelKHMa. OAHaKo BHallaJIe HanOMHHM, Kalt MpecyeT­ 1.1 Ha KOMnbIOTepaX, OCHaUl,eHHblX npolleccopaMH i80386 RnH i80486, Il paclliHpeH­ ell naMlITb B peanbHoM pelKHMe. "AHAI7or-MHtPH" 10 311U4HU48HHbliI pe)I(MM npOll,BCCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 Oco6eHHOCTH 3a/l4H/l4eHHOrO pe:KHMa npoueccope ;80286 11 A,IlpecaU,IUI naMIlTM II peaJlbHOM peXMMe Hanpaxep, nycrs y Hac ecrs norasec­ 20 "03p""'OB KHM anpec 1234h:0123h. Cerxearaas KO­ BhJ, aasepaoe, saaere, 'ITO AJIIl pa60Tbl C DaMllTblO HCnOJIh3YlOTCll ~e mHHH : 18~"1l0B MnOHeHTa paaaa 1234h, KOMnOHeHTa OHHa. aapeca H WHHa MHHIIIX. <I>H3H,'1ecKH naMllTb YCTpOeHa TllItHM 06pa30M, 'ITO BO­ ~ I CMelUeHHlI - 0123h. BbllIHCJlHM !p1l311llec­ IMOXHa ~pecall,Hll ICaK 16-6HTOBblX CJI0B, rax R OTAeJJbHIIIX 6aiiTOB naMllTH. KI?OMe + GerH9HT 0000 I ICHM aapec, COOTBeTCTBYlOlUHM aamexy 'oro, npoueccopa i80386 H i80486 MOryT 8,ApecOBaTb 32-6HTOBllle CJI0Ba naMllTH. ~I ~9~~Me aoranecsoxy anpecy: B JlI060M CJIYlIae TaK Ha3b1BaeMbiM !pH3HlIeCxHH aapec nepeaaercs H3 nponeccopa B \ laMllTb no WHHe aapeca, lIIHpHHa WHHbI aapeca onpeaenser MaltCHM8JIbHblH Ooo.eM • 16 pa3pSlAoa ~ • pacunrpaex AO 20 6HT cerxearayso KOMnoHeHTY, norracsrsas cnpasa 4 ~H3H'1ecICOii: naMllTH, HenocpeACTBeHHO ~pecyeMoii: nponeccopwoxe.e Haa pRC. 1 nO&a38­ aynessrx 6HTa, nonyllaeM lIHCJlO ra cxeaa B38HMOAeHcTBIllI rrpoueccopa H naMllTH sepea mHHH H AaHHIIIX. 12340h; CIlM.1IM--'lllJlpeC "'-. • pacurapaev AD 20 6HT KOMnOHeH­ ry CMelUeHHSI, nonacueas CJIeBa 4 WMHOSApeca Puc. 2. Aopec~u" naM"mu e peansuos: pexuue HyJIeBbiX 6HTa, nonysaex lIHCJIO 00123h; • AJl5I nOJIYlleHHSI !pH3HlIecKoro .anpeca CKJI~b1BaeM nonyxeaaue '1HCJIa: 12340h + 00123h = 12453h. UlMHa· ..._ OAHOMy !pH3H'IecKOMY aapecy MOlKeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HecKOJIbKO JIOm'leCKHX. ~ Hanpaxep, !pH3H'1ecKOMy anpecy 12453h COOTBeTCTByeT JIOmlleCKHM 1245h:0003h. <I>aKTHlIeCKH B cxexe anpecauaa naMSITH peansaoro pelKHMa SCSI naMlITb KaK 6b1 Puc. J. Illuna aopeca U ",UHa OOHHblX 1: pa36HBaeTClI Ha CerMeHTbI. <I>H3HlIecKHM anpec aasana ceraeara (6a30BblH anpec cer­ Hanpaxep, xoxmaorep IBM XT OCHam:eH 20-pa3PMHOH WHHOA aapeca H 16-pa3­ MeHTa) pasea paCWHpeHHOM AO 20 6HT Cel'MeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTe anpeca (pacmapeaae IllAHOM WHHOii: AaHHblX. 3TO oaaasaer, xro axeercs B03MOJICHOCTb anpecosarscs IC BblnOJlHlIeTCSI AOnHCblBaHHeM cnpasa 4 HYJleBbiX 6HT). . !l6 6aiiTaM naMlITH, T. e. K 1 M6aMT}' naMlITH. TIpHlIeM B03MOJKHO anpecosarscs K Cel'MeHTbI MOryT Ha'lHHaTbCsI TOJIbKO C !pH3HlIecKoro anpeca, KOTOpblH xparen 16 iaHTaM H CJI0BaM pasxepox B 16 6nT. 6aHTaM. TI03TOMY OH MOlKeT aasaaarsca TOJlbKO C rpamnus naparpatpa, KOMDOHeHTa TaK ICalC anpeca npHHlITO aanacuaars B meqH3AIUlTeplflDloA epopMe, TO Mbi MoxeM CMelUeHHlI rrpa TaKOH cxexe anpecauaa S1BJISleTCSI cxemeaaex BHyTpH cerraeara naua­ ianacars AHana30H !pH3HlIeCICHX anpecos AJIlI 20-pa3pllAHOH mHHbI aapeca CJleAYIO­ TH. A caM ceneear naMlITH SaAaeTCSI CerMeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTOH (pHC. 3) JJ;HM 06pa30M: .., CDMSM'ISCIUIA ~p.c '0000h <= [~H3H~ecKHM aApec] <= FFFFFh ." 00000 • TaKHM 06pa30M, AJIll npeACTaBJIeHHlI !pH3HlIecKoro aapeca B KototDbIOTepax 000'0 eer"eNT"blA !:lAPSC-0002 BM PC H IBM XT acnonsayercs ,l\1laAllaTb ABOHlIHblX HJJH nllTb mecraanuarepauasrx 00020 (\: 01• .,...... -0828 la3pllAoB. 00030 O,!tHaKO see peracrpu nponeccopa i8086 lIBJ1l1lOTCll 16-pa3PMHblMH. B03HHitaeT ooo~o Paa"ep cer"ElNTII-64 K Ip06J1eMa npeACTaBJIeHHll 20-pa3pllAHoro !pH3HlIecKOro anpeca naMlInI npa QOMOmH I ooo~. I 00050 :oAepxHMorO 16-pa3PMHblx pemcTpoB. . Anll paapeureaaa 3TOA np06J1eMbi acnonsayerca AByxKoMnOHeHTHbiM. JlOrH'IecKHM ~' ~pec. JIom'leCKHM anpec COCTOHT 113 16-pa3pllAHblX ICOMDOHeHT:ICOMnOHeHTbl cerxe­ / 10020 nDrw...ac.DMYa,p,pecy ITa naMlITH H KOMnOHeHTbI CMelUeHllll BHyTpH cerxerrra. 10040 0802:0028 COOT••TCT&yIIT Anll nonyseaas 20-pa3pltAHoro !p1l311'leCKoro aapeca IC CerMeHTHOM ICOMnOHeHTe FFFFF • M'3W".CQIIA 800 ... rpanacsreaercs cnpasa qeTbipe HYJleBbiX 611Ta (AJIll pacrmrpeaas AO 20 pa3PMOB), Puc. 3. Coomeemcmeue /lOZU~eCKOZO aopeca ()(){)2h:()()28h t}JU3U'IecKOMY aopecy ()(){)48h laTeM rronyxeaaoe '1HCJlO cxnamaaaercs C KOMnoHeHTOH cMe~eHHlI (pRC. 2). Ilepea :JJOlKeHlleM K KOMnOHeHTe CMem:eHHll cnesa norracuaaercs sersrpe HYJleBw.6HTll JIomllecKHH anpec AOJllKeH HaXOAHTbClI B CJIeAYlOlUHX rrpenenax: TaK lKe AJIll' pacurapeaas AO 20 paspsnos). 0000h:0000h <= [nOrH~ecKHH aApec] <= FFFFh:000Fh JIomqeCKllM aapec npaasro aarracsrsars B 4>oPMe <ceraearicaemeaae>. 'AHAlJor-MHtPW 2 3a~HitiJHHblif pSJKHM npOL/SCCOPOB tntet 802tJ6/80386/80486 Oco6eHHOCTH 3a~H~eHHoro pe}/(HMa npoueccoos ;80286 13 3t\eCb ecrs omra TOHKOCTb. JIorn'leCKHH aapec FFFFh:OOOFh COOTBeTCTByeT MaKCH-­ AMleCaU.HlI n3MlITH B 38I1J.HlIJ.eHHOM peJKHMe l8JIbHO B03MOll:HOMY <pH3H'IeCKOMY aapecy FFFFFh. Ho, acnonsays 16-pa3PllJlHble OCHoBHaSi TPyt\HOCTb, C KOTOpOH CT8JIKHBaeTClI nporpasoracr, H3Y'lalOIJ:tHH 3a­ lernCTpbl npoueccopa, BbI MOllCeTe 3at\aTb H 60Jlbillee 3Ha<ieHHe t\J11I norasecxoro an­ mHmeHHblH pellCHM. - 31'0 CJIOllCHalI cxesra npe06pa30BaHHII aapecos, IT031'0MY Mbi ieca, aanpassep FFFFh:0010h. lITO npOH30Hp,e-r B 3TOM cnyxae? yt\eJIHM MHoro BHHMaHHlI TOMy, KaK B 3TOM pelKHMe npoacxoaar anpecauas naMIITH. ECJIH B KOMnblOTepe YCTaHOBJIeHbI nponeccopa i8086 HJlH i8088, npOH36Ht\eT ne­ . }1,JI1i 06JIeI"leHHII BocnpHIITHII Mbi BHa'l8JIe onYCTHM aexoropue t\eT8JIH, OTJIOllCHB aa tenOJlHeHHe anpeca. OHO 6YAeT npoHI'HOpHpOBllHO npOl.\eCCOpOM. B pesyasrare JlOrH­ "' BpeMjl HX noxaoe onacaaae. recsoxy aapecy FFFFh:0010h 6yt\eT COOTBeTCT80BllTb <pH3H'IeCKHH aapec OOOOOh. ECJIH lICe HcnOJlb3YlOTClI nponeccopu i80286, i80386 HJlH i80486, <pH3H'IeCKalI WH­ npe06pa30B3HKe anpecos B 38I1J.KlIJ.eHHOM peJKKMe ra aapeca mape 20 GHT. }1,JI1I npoueccopa i80286 urana anpeca HMeeT IIIHpHHy 24 6H­ B 38ll.\HmeHHOM peJKHMe. T8K JKe KaK H B peansaox, cyIJ:teCTBylOT nOHlITHlI JIOI'H'Ie­ a, a t\J11I nponeccopoa i80386 H i80486 - 32 6HT/i. ITPH pafiore B' peanbHoM pellCHMe CKOfO H <pH3H'IeCKoro aapeca. JIofH'IeCKHH aapec B 3aIJ:tHIJ:teHHOM peJKHMe (aaorna IcnOJlb3YlOTClI MJla.lIWHe 20 aapecmsx JlHHHH- OT AO no A19, OCT8JIbHble anpecaue IHHHH annaparypa xoxnssorepa 6J1oKHpyeT. HCnOJlb3YeTCSI repuaa "BHpry8JIbHblH anpec") COCTOHT H3 t\BYX 16-pa3plIt\HblX KOM'­ nOHeHT - cenexropa H CMeIJ:teHHII. Cenexrop aanacsrsaercs B re xe cerxearasre pera­ ECTb B03MOllCHOCTb CHlITb OJlOKHpOBKy C aapecaoa JlHHHH A20. ITPH 3TOM B peans­ 10M pe:lltHMe nOIIBJllIeTCII eme OAHH "JlbroTHblil" cerxenr naMlITH, JlellCaIJ:tHH ,Bblwe crpu, lITO H CerMeHTHblH aapec B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe. Ot\H8KO npe06p830B8HHe JIOI'H­ xecxoro anpeca B <pH3HllecKHH BblnOJIHlIeTCII He npocrax CJIOllCeHHeM CO Ct\BHroM, a 'PaHHl.\bI rrepsoro Mem6aiiTa. 3TOT CerMeHT Ha3b1BlleTClI 06J1aCTblO crapurea naMIITH .High Memory Area). Em t\Hana30H JlOrH'IeCKHX aApeCOB - OT FFFFh:0010h no npa nOMOIJ:tH cneu.H8JIbHblX Ta6JIHl.\ npe06pa30BaHHII anpecos. "FFFh:FFFFh. Paaxep 06J1aCTH crapmea naMIITH - 64 K6aiiTa 6e3 16 6aHT. B rrepaox npH6JIHlKeHHH MOJKHO C'IHTaTb, 'ITO t\J11I nponeccopa i80286 CeJIeKTOp Onepauaoaaas CHCTeMa MS-DOS yxeer HCnOJlb30BaTb crapuryio 06J1acTb naMII'l1t, IIBJlJleTCSI RHt\eKcoM B TaMHl.\e, cOAeplKameH 6a30Bble 24-pa3plIt\Hble <pH3H'IeCKHe aA­ peca CerMeHTOB. B npouecce npe06pa30BaHHlI norauecxoro anpeca B' <pH3H'IecKHH sacnonaras TaM CBoe IIt\PO. ,Ll,Jl1I sroro He06xot\HMO nOt\KJlIO'IHTb t\paiiBep -IIMEM.SYS H nOMecTHTb B <PaM CONFIG.SYS CTpOKy: npoueccop npatiaanser K 6a30BoMY 24-pa3plIt\HoMY anpecy 16-pa3plIt\Hoe CMeIJ:teHHe, T. e. BTOpylO KOMnoHeHTy JlOI'H'IeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 4). )OS=HIGH Apxarexrypa npoueccopos cepaa i80XXX, pa60TaIOIJ:tHX B pe8JIbHOM pellCHMe, 4DaoI3M...QU48 aApee rpennonaraer xpaaeaae CerMeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTbI anpeca B CerMeHTHbiX peracrpax: 16 16 -------, 000000 CS - CerMeHT xoaa; DS - cerxerrr t\aHHblX; ES - t\onOJlHHTenbHblil cerxesr t\aHHblX; SS - cerxear CTeKa. ". KOMnOHeHTa CMemeHHII MOllCeT HaXOt\HTbClI B peracrpax BX, BP, SI, Dl, IP. 3aAaBaSI npoaseoasaae 3Ha'leHHII CerMeHTHOil KOMnOHeHTbI H KOMnOHeHTbI CMe­ l.\eHHSI JlI06alI nporpaxxa MOlKeT aApeCOBaTbClI K JlI060MY ysacrxy naMIITH KOMnblO­ , 'FFFFFF repa, B qaCTHOCTH, JlI06alI nporpasosa MOll:eT npeanaxepenno HJlH H3-3a oWH6KH Ja3pYIIIHTb 06J1aCTH aaaasrx, npaaannexamae Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMe. Puc. 4. Ynp0/<ieHHtnl CXCMa npeoopasoeanu» J!OlU"CCICOZO abpeca a q,U3U'/CCICUU BblJlenHM t\Ba OCHOBHblX Het\OCTaTKa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH peansnoro pelKHMa: II 3a/<iU/<iCHHOM pexuxe Taxas cxexa <PoP~HPOIlaHHII <pH3H'IeCKoro anpeca n03BOJllIeT HenOCpet\CTBeHHO • orpaaaseanoe anpecnoe npQfTPaHCTBO <Ao 1 M6aHTa H npasrepno 64 K6ailTa crapmea 06J1aCTII naMIITH t\J11I npoueccopos i80286, i80386 H i80486); aapecoaars 16 M6aHT n8MlITH C nOMOIJ:tblO 16-pa3PllJlHblX j(OMnOHeHT norasecxoro • cB06ot\HblH nocryn Jl106b1x nporpaxx K JlI06b1M 06J1aCTIIM t\a.HHblX, 'ITO npenc­ aAP~· TaBJIlIeT nOTeHl.\H8JIbHYIO onaCHOCTb t\J11I l.\eJlOCTHOCTH Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMbi. 3aMeTbre, 'ITO CeJleKTOp - 3TO He CerMeHTHblH aapec. 3TO HHt\eKc, C nOMOIJ:tblO KO­ TOPOro npoueccop H3BJ1eKaeT H3 cnel.\H8JIbHOH Ta6J1Hl.\b1 24-pa3plIt\HblH 6a30BblH an­ 3THX Het\OCTaTKOB nOJlHOCTbIO JlHWeHa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH, xoropas acnons­ pee cerxeara. B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe Mbi HMeeM t\eJlo C CerMeHTHbiM aapecox H CMeIJ:te­ lyeTClI B 3amHmeHHOM pellCHMe. . HHeM, a B 3aID;Hll.\eHHOM - C CeJIeKTOpOM H CMeIJ:teHHeM. Ha caMOM t\ene He see 16 6HT cenexropa HcnoJlb3YlOTClI t\J11I HHt\eKCal.\HH no Ta6­ JlHu.e 6a30Bblx anpecos, B xaxecree HHt\eKca BblCTYnalOT crapnrae 1;3 6MT. )l,Ba MJlaA­ ) "AHAJlOr-MHtPw 14 3a~H~eHHbliii pe)f(HM npOL/eCCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 OC06eHHOCTH 3S/J4H/J49HHOro pe)f(HMS npOl./9CCOPS 180286 15 - IlIHX 6HTa (6HT 0 H 6HT 1) HcnOJlb3YlOTCli CHCTeMOH 3aIl.lHTbI naMlITH, 0 qeM Mbi nOA­ P06HO noroaopaa B CJIeAYIOlI\eM paaaene. 6HT 2 n03BOJllleT Bbl6HpaTb AJIli npeofipa­ 30BaHHlI azipeca OAHH H3 ABYX THnOB Ta6J1Hl\ npe06pa30BaHHlI anpecos. 16 3 2 1 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11 A < > HMA8ICG TI RPl Puc. 5. nom,,,,1l <pOf/Mam cenexmopa aiJpeca Ha pHC. 5 ABa MJlaAIlIHX 6HTa 0603HaqeHbI KaK RPL (Requested Privilege Level). 3TO none sanaercs 3anpOIlIeHHbIM nporpasoaoa ypoeneu npaaaneraa, H ero Mbi 6y­ AeM 06cY)l(AaTb n03)1(e. Ilone TI (Table Indicator) COCTOHT H3 OAHOro 6HTa. EcJIH Puc. 6. YmO'<Hifuuast CJCt!MQ npt!06pa:KXlaUUSl aiJpecoo 3TOT 6HT pases HyJlIO, AJISI npeo6pa30BHHHSI anpeca acnonssyercs TaK naasrsaexras rJI06aJIbHaSi Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB GDT (Global Descriptor Table), B npOTHBHOM cnysae - noxansaas Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB LOT (Local Descriptor Table). )J.eTaJlbHoe onacaaae CXeM6I npe06pa30BaHHJI anpecos Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB - 3TO npOCTO Ta6J1HQa npeofipaaoeaaas aApeCOB, conepxa­ Teneps nepe~CM K 60JIee crporoxy onHcaHHIO cxeMbi npe06pa30BaHHlI aapecos B uias 6a30BbIe 24-pa3pllAHble <pH3HqecKHe aapeca CerMeHTOB H aexoropyio npyryro ~CHHOM pelll:HMe. HH<p0pMaQHIO. To ecrs KalK,l\bIH 3J1e'MeHT Ta6J1Hl\bI necxpxrrropos (necxpanrop) cone­ Pemcrp GOTR, yxa3b1Ba1OIIlHA pacnoaoxeaae B <pH3K'1eCxoii naMlITH H pasxep plKHT 24-pa3pll,l\HbIH 6a30BbIH anpec cersrenra H apyryro HH<p0pMal\HIO, onacaaa­ rJI06aJII>HOil: m6JIH~ .o,ecXpHlIT()POB GOT, lIBJIlIeTClI KJllOqeBblM B cxeae a,l\pecaUHH IOlI\YIO CerMeHT. 3alllHmcHHoro pelll:HMa. Ta6J1HQa GOT - e,l\HHCTBeHHaSi B CHCTeMe. 06bIqHO B HeH HaXO,l\SlTCSI onHcaHHSI ce­ IQ)o p""81" p .......CT'J)a GDTR I I rMeHTOB Onepal\HOHHOH CHCTeMbI. Ta6J1HQ LOT MOlKeT 6bITb MHoro. 3TH Ta6J1Hl\b1 CO­ 6a.O''''~ ."'"O" GOT Pi_eo> t.$T. 1 aepxar onHcaHHSI CerMeHTOB nporpaxx, pa60TalOlI\HX non ynpaanenaea onepauaoa­ E 24it..,.. • l 18 MY- »' HOH <:HcTeMbI, T. e. OT,l\eJlbHbIX aanax. B KalKAbIH AaHHbIH MOMeHT BpeMeHH npoueccop Puc. 7. tlJopMam peeucmpa GDTR npo~eccopa ;&0286 MOlKeT HCnOJlb30BaTb TOJlbKO OAHy Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT. npOQeCCOP HMeeT ABa peracrpa, npenaaanaveanux AJIli aapecanaa acnonssyesnsx PeI'HCrp GOTR (pHC. 7) HMeCT AJIHHY 5 6am. Crapnrae 3 6aiiTa co.o,epuT 24-pas­ B HaCTOSllI\HH MOMeHT Ta6J1HQ GOT H LOT. Peracrp GOTR onacsrsaer pacnonoxe­ pJIJIHbIH <PHSHqecKHA anpec TaMHUhI GOT, MJIlI,I\IIIHe 2 6ama - AJIHHY m6Jm~ GOT, HHe H paaxep Ta6JlHQbI GOT, a peracrp LOTR cOAeplKHT CCbIJIKY aa HcnoJlb3YIOlI\Y­ YMeHIdDeHHYIO aa l. ,/l,JnnJa GQT, YMeHbmeHH811 H8~, H83b1BaeTClI npe.o,eJIOM IOCSI B HaCTOSllI\ee BpeMSI Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT. m6Juuv,r GOT (GOT limit). ORa HCnOJI~eTClI AJIlI npoBepKH npaBHmoH()CTH sanaaa­ Ha pHC. 6 noxasana YTOqHeHHaSi cxexa npeoepaaoaauas aapecos B 3alI\Hlli,eHHOM eMbIX nporpaMMOil: CeJIeXTOpoB. Ilene HH,lI;eKca cenexropa .o,OJIlJ[Ho·co.o,epllCan. CCWIKH pelKHMe. lh pacyaxa BHAHO, 'ITO peracrpu npoueccopa GOTR H LOTR onpenensior TOJIbKO aa cymecrayiontae 3JIeMOHTbl m6J1HQh1 GOT, B IIpOTHBHOM CJIy'Ule npoHsoil:­ pacnonoxeaae B naMSITH Ta6J1Hl\ COOTBeTCTBeHHO GOT H LOT. Ta6J1HQbI GOT H .o,CT npeplllBllHHe. 3HAll pasxep GOT, npoueccop 6JIOKHpYCTHcnMb30BaHBe Ce.lIeKTO­ LOT conepxar necxparrropu, onacusaroume CerMeHTbI naxsrra, B 3THX necxparrro­ pOB co 3R8qeHHlIMH nOJIJI BHAeKca, BblXO)J,llIQHMH sa paMKB paspemeaaax, AHanOI'H'l­ pax nOMHMO ,l\pyroH HH<popMaQHH (saurrpaxoaamtas 06J1aCTb) conepxarcs 24-pa3pll­ Hhlil: MexaHBsM HCnOJIb3YeTClI H AJIlI nposepxa cenexropos, CCbl.lIalOlI\BXClI aa LOT. AHbIH 6a30BbIH a,l\pec cerxeura, " Ilepea nepexoAoM B 3alI\HlI\CHHblil: pelll:HM nporpasoea AOJIlIl:~8 C03A8T1> B Onep8TH­ Crapnrae 13 6HTOB CeJIeKTOpa (HHAeKc) BbI6HpalOT 3J1eMeHT H3 Ta6J1Hl\b1 GOT WlH BHOt naMlITH m6nHllY GOT H sarpy3HT1> peracrp GOTR npH nOMOlI\H CneIUlllJlbHoil: LOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTOllHHlI 6HTa TI cenexropa. KONaHAH LOOT (CIIHTllItCKC TpaHcnJITOpa Turbo" Assembler, pelll:HM IDEAL>: H3BJ1eqeHHbIH H3 Ta6J1HQbl necsparrropos 6a30BbIH anpec cerxeara cxaanasaercs 19dt [QWORO gdt_ptrl npoueccopov AJIli nonyxeaas 24-pa3pSl,l\Horo <pH3HqeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 6). Ilepea BbI,l\aqeil: XOMaHJlbl LOOT gdt..ptr Re06x()J\HMo nqWOTOBHTI> 06JIaCTb naMll­ CeJleKTOp OOOOh aapecyer caMbIH nepnsra necxparrrop B rJl06aJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e nee­ ee TH C &ApeCOM gdt..ptr. 3aUHeaB B Hec 41HSHqecKHH anpec mMHIUi GDT H pasxep, xpanropos GOT. Ilone RPL AJIli aroro AeCKpHTITOpa paBHO 0, none TI TaK)I(e paBHO y!tieRl>meRHblH aa I (Ope,tle.II): O. CeJleKTOp 0OO8h YKa3bIBaeT na BTOPOH 3J1eMeHT ia6J1Hl\b1 GOT, a CeJleKTOp 0014h YKa3b1BaeT na TpeTHH necxpanrop B JlOKaJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e necxparrropos LOT, T. K. gdt_ptr dw GOT_LIMIT npe~en TaOnH~ GOT base 10 dw ? MnaAWee cnOBO Oa30Boro aApeca GOT none TI B HeM paBHO l. base::::hi dw ? CTapwee cnOBO Oa30Boro a~peca GOT "AHAIIOr-IIHt1JH" 16 3S/J4H/J4iiHHblHPS}/(HM npoueccopo« Intsl 80286/80388/80486. Oc06SHHOCTH SS/J4H/J4BHHOro PS}/(HMS npoueccope /80286 17.\ HecMOTPSI lUI TO qTO pasxep peracrpa GOTR COCTaBJISIeT 5 6aih, B xasecrse one­ Ip IDPL 1'1'.lc IRI" I I1oI1GAO"""'. e..c........ "OAtI 76043., 0 panna AJIII KOMaHAbl LGOT HCnOJlb3yeTCSI anpec 06.riaCTH naMSITH pa3MepOM 6 6aiT. I I l I I IwI" I 3Aecb HeT omH6KH, nponeccop i80286 HCnOJIb3yer TOJlbKO 5 6aiT H3 :noH 06J1aCTH, p DPL ' 0 D 11011. A""""'. c.r"....... AI'-'" T. K.. <PH3HqecKHH anpec cOAepltHT 24 paapsaa. Ilpotreccopu i80386 H 1.80486 B 32­ 76543.10 I I 1 I I pa3pllAHoM pellCHMe HcnOJlb3YlOT Bee 600mB, aarpyaas B 6-6aiiTHblH perscrp p DPL 0 "TYPE 11011 .. AO"""''' ","CT_OCO C."....."'A GOTR 32-6HTOBbIH 4>H3HqecKHH anpec T86J1HII,bI GOT H ee 16-6HTOBblH npeaea, 76543.10 CHaqBJIa Mbi n03H8KOMHM BaC co crpyK1ypoH Ta6JIHIJ,bI GOT (H COOTBeTCTBeHHO C PU£. 9. tPopMambl IIl1IlJI Oocmyna &clCpunmopa HAeHTHqHOH eH CTJlYKTYPOH T86J1HI1,bI LOT)" a 3areM aa npHMepe 4>parMeHTa npor­ Ilone .r:lOCTYna, 3aHHMaIOIII,ee B AecKpHnTOpe OAHH 6aitT (6aHT AOCTyna) , CJlYlI:HT paMMbI nOKall:eM, KaK C03AaTb T8MHIJ,y GOT H 3arpY3HTb peracrp GOTR.. AJISI KJlaccH4>HI:8IJ.HH AecKpHnTOpOB (pHc.9). • KaK MY YllCe roBOpHJIH, TaMUII,bI GOT H LOT npf,llCTaBJISIIOT co60H MaCCHBY Aec­ Ilone ll9crYna AecKpHDTOpa CerMeHTOB KOAa COAepllCHT 6HTOBDe nOJIe R, Ha3blB8e­ KpHnTOpOB - onacarenea CerMeHTOB (pHC. 8). Kpoae AecKpHnTOpoB, ODHCblBalO1I{HX Moe 6HT9M paspemenas qreHHSI cerxeara. Ec.nH 3TOT 6HTYCTaHOBJleH B 1, nporpasosa cerMeHTbl naMSlTH, Ta6J1HI1,8 GOT MOllCeT coaepxars cneuaansaae THnbl AeCKpHDTO­ MOllCeT CqJm,tBaTb cOAepll:Ht.fOe ceraesra KOAa. B· npOTHBHoM cnysae 'npoueccop MO­ pOB - BeHTHJIH Bbl30Ba (call gate), .3aJ\8q (task gate) H JIOBymeK (trap gate). BeHTHJIH OnpeAeJlSIIOT TOqKH BXOM B COOTBeTCTBylOJIlHe npoueAYpbl. BeHTHJlb 1Ib1­ lI:er TOJlbKa. BblDOJ!HKTb 3TOT KOA· Ilporpasesa H.e MOSeT MOAH4>HlJ.HpOSaTb CerMeHT KOM· :no 031U1q8~T HeB03MOllC­ 30Ba 3lWleT anpec nOAnpOrp8MMbI, Bbl3b1BaeMOH, HanpHMep: no KOM8HAe CALL. IIpJI HOCTb C03AaHHSI caMOIllOAH4>HIJ.HPYJOUJ;HXCSI nporpasee AJIII 3alll,HIII,!!'H.HOro pellCHM8 Bbl30Be nOADP0rp8MMl>1 xepes BeHTHJIb B Kaqecme onepaaaa MSI CALL Hcn<l.lIb3yeTCJI " (pacnpocrpaHeHH8S1, HO nopoxaaa npaxraxa cpeAH nporp8MMHCTOB, C03AalOIUHX npo­ cenexrop, BAPecylOIII,HH COOTBeTCTBYIOJIlHH AecKpHUTOp B T;lMHue GOT HJIU LOT. I I I rp8MMb1 AJISI MS-DOS). Brrposea, ecrs 06xoAHoH nyrs. AnSI cerxesra KOAa MOllCHO Pi 8e8le..p.,.. ~I...,. 6a_24. ,(u~.n ~_ ec it~'81m-" C03A8Tb e~ o~, 8JIHaCHblH AecKpHUTOp, B KOTOpOM 3TOT cerxesr OTMeqeH KaK cer­ .. J" )i « )i MeHT ABHHbIX. Ec.nH AJI; sroro ceraeara 6YAeT paspemeaa sanacs, HHqTO, KpOMe PU£. 8. l{eclCpunmop CeZMeHma a..s. npoueccopa ;&0286 3ApaBOro CMbICJIa, He nOMeW8eT BaM MOilH4>HIJ.HPOBaTb KOA nporpaMMbl BO BpeMSI ee BbinOJIReJDUI. BHT C Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM nOAqHHeHHSI, OH 6YAeT paCCMOTPeH B CJIeAY­ )l.nHB8 aecxparrropa COCTaBJIlIeT 8 6aitT. OH COCTOHT H3 CJIeAYIOIII,HX nOJleH: IOIII,eM P83AeJle. • 6asooozo aiJpeca AJIHHOH 24 6HTa, cOAepllCHT cPH3HqecKHH anpec cersresra, BHTbi P H A npeAHa3H8qeHbI AJISI OpraHH3aUHH BHPTYlIJlbHOil: naMSITH. Hx aasaaxe­ • ODHClIlBaeMoro MHHblM AecKpHUTOpOM; HHe6YAer onHC8HO IS pasnene, nocBSlIII,eHHOM BHPTY8JlbHOH naMSITH. CeAqac OTMeTHM, • npeiJeAa COAepllCHT paaxep cerxeara B ooitTax, YMeHbmeHHblHHa f,lIHHHIJ,y; lITO 61tT P.Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM npHcyTCTBHII cerxeara B naMSITH. )l;nSl rex cerMeHTOB, • iJocmylUl ODHCblBaeT THD cerxeara (censesrr KOM, cerxesr AaHHblX H AP.)~ xoropae HaXOASlTCSI B 4>HSHtrecKOil: nllMlITH (Mbi 6YAeM HMeTb AeJlO B OOHOBHOM C ra­ sapesepeupoeannoe nolle AJIHHOH 16 6HT AJISI nponeccopa i80286, AOJlll:HO co­ KHMH cenceJmlMH), :nOT 6HT AOJIlI:eH 6bITb ycraHOBJIeH B 1. JlI068S1 nonsrrxa npor­ Aepll:aTb HYJlH, OHO HcnOJlb3YeTCSI rrponeccopaxa i80386 H i80486 (TaM, B xac­ paMMbI 06P8THTbCll K c;erMeHTy IIllMSlTH, B .r:l~CKpHDTOpe KOTOPOro 6UT P ycraHOBJIeH B THOCTH, xpaHHTCSI crapnndi 6aih 32-pa3pSlAHoro 003OBOro aapeca cerxeera). 0, npHBeAh KnpepblBaHHIO. B 'peaJIbHOM pellCHMe Haq8JIO CerMeHT8 B nllMSITH onpenensercs cerMeHTHbIM ll,lij)e­ BRT A Hll3b1B8eTCSI 6HTOM 06pauxeHHSI K cerxeary H AJISI scex HamHX 'nporPaMM AO- COM, A/IlIBa cersseara COCTaWeT 64 K6aitTB. B 3aJIlHIII,eHHOMpell:HMe MOllCHO 3aM­ JIlI:eH 6bITbYCTBHOBJIeHB O. Ban. cerMeHTbl MeHbmero pasxepa (nponeccopa i80386 H i80486 AonyCKaIOT Taqte TIMe AOCTYIJa AecKpHIITopa cersseara AaHHbIX HMeeT 6HTOBbie nons, WHO. Ilone cyIIl,ecTBOBaHHe cerMeHTOB C paaxepox, 3HaqHTe./lbHO npeBblW8IOIII,HM 64 K6aiTa). W HS3b1BileTCll 6RTOM paspemeaaa sanaca B eersresr-,Ec.nH sror 6HT yCTBHOBJIeH B 1, TIpH :nOM nponeccop aBTOMa~ecKH OTCJIeJllHBaeT nOUblTKH nporpasoes 06paTHn.c,,, H8pSIAY t '1rreHHeM B03MOJl[Jla H sarracs B MHHblA cerxear. B npOTHBHOM CJIyqae npa sa npeAeJIbI cerxeara, 38,AllHHble B AecKpHIITOpe. IIpH 06HapYll:eHllH TaKOii: nOUblTKH nOIIbITKe 'lTeHHll BblDOJlHeHHe nporpllMMbI 6Y.r:leT npepsaao. BblDOJIHeHHe nporpasoea npepsrsaercs. IIMe 0 3aMeT nanpaazeaae pacmapeaas cerxeara. 06b1qRblil: cerMeHT MHHbIX' OrpaHlflIeHHe pasxepa cerMeHTOB H· KOHTpOJIb sa nOUblTKaMH BAJleCllUHH Il'aMSI'l1I pacmlipSleTCSI B olinaCTb CTBPWllX anpecoa (pacmapeaae saepx). Ec.nH'lI:e B cerxesre BHe npenenoa cerMeHTOB CHJlbHO noaamaer HBAeJllHOCTb CH-:TeMbi. IIporpaMM8 He Mo-­ pacnOllOSeH CTeK, pacWlIpeHHe npoHcxD~ B 06paTHOM HsnpaBJIeHHH - B 06Jl8CTb lICeT paapynnrrs qYXlle cerMeHTbl, B qaCTHOCTH cerMeHTbl onepanaoaaoa CHq'eMbi. MJIlIAWJIX 8JUlecOB (pacnmpeaae BHH3). )l.nll cerMeHTOB, B KOTOpbIX opraHH3yJOTClI IloAP06Hee 0 3aIIl,HTe MbI paCCK811CeM B CJIeAYIOIII,eM pasnene. CTeKH, ueo6xOAHMO YCTBHa~Tb none 0 paBHblM 1. )l.ecKPHnTOPbl CHCTeMHbIX CerMeHTOB conepxar nOJIe TYPE, onp~AeJlSlIOIII,ee THD • CHCTeMHOro cerxeara. B T86J1. 1 npaseneaa B03MOlKHhle ~SI sroro noJISI aaaseaas. "AHAROr-MHtPH"

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Защищённый режим процессоров Intel 802868038680486. Практическое руководство по использованию защищённого режима. PDF

123 Pages·1993·62.448 MB·Russian
by  А. В. Фролов, Г. В. Фролов
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Preview Защищённый режим процессоров Intel 802868038680486. Практическое руководство по использованию защищённого режима.

AQ!HQ!E PElKH POyECC el 80286/ 0386/ 6H6nHOTEKA CHCTEMHOrO npOrPAMMHCTA . W'eCTOM TOM .> . , A.B. <I>POJIOB, r.B. <I>POJIOB 3A~H~EHHbIR PEXHM npOQECCOPOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 TIpaK1'IIlIeCKOe PyxOBOACTBO sanramearroro no HcnOJlb30BaHHIO peXHMa ~ 1 . ,/ " ~ ",,:, MOCKBA • "AMMor-MHc!)H" " 1993 /" ",.. .._........ _ ._•• .• _~.__•.•._ •• _._~,._",-..,_._.~;.......,... _~., , ...._."•.• v .._._~,,~ ,'.n ••••._" ...... '"'--'."'''-'-''.~''...... '~~.><. "'-_.,~ ~, BH&;lIHO'J;SKA ~K~2.9'13 CHCTEMHOro npOI'PAMMHCTA "I ,"I' BblnyCKBeTCli c 1991 roAll 'f;' BBEAEHHE r.e, Kaara Dpe.llCT8Bm1eT c06oii: sseneaae B nporpaseorposaaae .lIJUI ~eHHoro pe­ tPp3oJaIO~Be' HAH.BH.i• \tP POpJelO~BH M n~u.eeeoPOB Intel 80286-. ·80386. IHMa 1IIlIp0KO pacnpocrpaaeaaax nponeccopos Intel 80286/80386/80486. B OTJIH­ lIJ91 80486. np8lCTH'leCICoe PYICOBOACTBO, no RCnOJIh3OBaBIIIQ ~ 'lHe OT sapy6exm.DC llBTOpOB aH&JIOI'H'DfhIX KHBf. lIepeBe.lleHHhIX aa pyceKHii K31>1K, ~HlIJ,eHHoro peJmMa.- M;: "D,lfAJIOr.,MHcI>W', 1993.­ MhI CKOHll,eHTpIlpOBlIJIH BHHMaHHe aa rrpaKTHqecKOii: cropoae HCnOJIb30BllUWl 3lIlIJ;H­ 240 c. - (DHMKOTeKa caCTeMHoro nporpaMMRCTa; T. 6>, meHBoro peJlOlMa pa6on.l nponeccopos, B KHHre IIpHBe.lleHO 60JIbWoe KO~ecTBO IIpOrpaMM, COCTaBJIeHHhIX aa Sl3bllWX CH H acceM6JIepa, H BbI cpasy cxoaere npose­ ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6> YqefjHo-cnpallOqHoe noc;o6Me. HMeeT npalt'rMtteCKyIb' HllnpallJlll~. B PHTb 1I0Jl)"leHHbIe 3uaHHSI aa IIpaKTD:e. Bee oIIHcaHHbIe nporpasoes saIIHcaHhl aa .1\11­ 1OIHJ'e onMtaHbI OCo6eHHOC'IH 3lUIV4111,!HHOro pelltJ04.pa6orw npou.~, cxere, KOTOPYlO MOlfCHO KyllHTb .lIOIIOJIHHTeJIbHO. Ilporpasoes nonroroaneasr B cpene npou,eAYpa nepeltJlJOqetiKll _ 3IUU~1II,6tI11..d' pelItMN ~ 'lIl)SBpaT& .. pe&IIIoHIlIA Borland C 3.0, HO MOlKl\O BOCII0JIb30BllTbCSI H Borland C 2.0 HJlH Borland C 3.1: pe...... nJUlll6J'llKW nporpaMMW. AeNOHC'I'PHPY1OUJ,H8 HcnOJU4OBBKMe A*,,"~ • IIpHBe.lleHHbIe npHMepbI HeTpY.llHO ananraposars .lIJUI TPaHCJIsrropa Microsoft Quick C. lII,iHHOro pellUlMB H MYJl1>TM3IlAllQHOQ'b., OnMCaHB. MepapxHll cpclACTB AM ..~ Hawa KHHrll He 1I0XOlll:a aa CnpaBOqHHK 110 rrpoueccopax i80286 H i80386 - 1I0.llO­ 6!NoTT" , ISB hA. JUVMCIPIlli.H Hl)OPNM pl.e JDKO_Se-9.K Bc r'elAHC.!TtHep0WCT MIt. _HHHPTTYepBcJll1je>AHcBwIi nMpBeWpH..llala~H oMn1e PBaIUOMS -' 6H08: JIBTepaTYpbI H3.l1aHO .lIOCTaTOqHO H OHa .lIOCTYlIHa. K TOMY lII:e .lIJUI .cOCTaBJIeHml ,I OHHoA CHcte_ WINDOWS ' " ' pa60Tocnoc06HhIX nporpasea 3aIllHDleHHoro pelfCHMa He.llOCT8TOqHO BlIlI.l\eTb TOJIbKO 'J _cIloPMaUHeB 0 pafiore nponeccopa, HYXHbI eme 3HaHHSI aexoropax armaparaux 1404070900-005 Be306w1u. 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TOJIbKO B 3amHmeHHoM pexaxe nOJIHOCTbIO peanH3yIOTCSI see B03­ no HCDOJIb30Ba1Ul1O 3aIIUlw;eHH~ro peJltHMa )~i MOlfCHOCTH, 3&JI0~HHbIe B apXHTeKTYPY npoueccopos. 3aDlHDleHHblH pelUlM pa60Tbi ~. '.1 HCIIOJIb3YeTCSI BO MHomx nporpaMMHbIX rrponyxrax, TaKHX, KaK onepauaoaaue CHC­ TeMhl UNIX, XENIX, OS/2. PC-MOS, QNX, Desk View, CeTeBbIX onepauaoaaux CRCTeMaX NOVELL, B onepauaoaaoa CHCTeMe Microsoft WINDOWS, B' .lIpaUBepax MaKeT O.A. Kys"NHHa80A ' Q6.nolKKa H.B. AMHTPHeBOA pacmapeaaoa naMlITH EMM386 H QEMM, B CYB.n. ORACLE. Xopomo aasecraas Koppenop B.C. KYCTOB CHCTeMa pa3pa60TKH nporpaseraoro 06eCneqeHHSI Borland C raxxe MOlKeT patiorars nOAllHcaHO B neqaTJo 20.09.93. ~pMaT 6Ox84/16. I;Ie'lllTb o4lceTMali• B 3llDlHlIleHHOM pelKHMe, npa 3TOM ee npOH3B0.llHTeJIbHOCTb 3aMeTHO B03paCT8er. Yen. neq.lI. 13.95. Yq.-HSA. JI,. 11.65. THpalK 20000 3K3. 3&1(83 95". Ilepcnexrasuas onepauaoaaas CHCTeMa Microsoft WINDOWS NT TaKxe HCIIOJIb3yeT AKuHottepttoe 06l11,ecT80 "AHAJlor-MHclJH" 3aDlHDleHHbIH pelKHM pafioru npoueccopa, 115409. Mocna" Yll. MocKaopeqJoe. 31. Kop,,",2 , . ' B aacrosmee BpeMSI B 06JIacTH nporpaseeroro 06ecneqeHHlf npOCJIelKHBlleTCSI TeH­ nO,ll()JlloCKHA ~MJUWI "Iexo.cKOrO flOJIHI'Pll~H'IecKOro .lIeHllHlI OpHeHTaUHH aa 060JIOQKy Microsoft WINDOWS, nOJIb3YIOlIlYIOCSI OrpOMHOH nonyJISlpHOCTbIO BO BceM MHpe. O.llHaKO He ace 3HaIOT, lITO Microsoft WINDOWS ­ koMClHHllTa " 142100, r, UO,llOJlbCK. MocKOaCllIli 06n.•YJI. KHpoBB. 15 3TO He TOJIbKO npexpacaas rpacllHKa, np0.llYMaHHbIH .lIH3aHH H Y.llOOCTBO B pafiore. Bee nporpaMMbI, pa3pa6aTblBlleMbIe }{.IISI WINDOWS, pa60TaIOT B 3alIlHDleHHoM pexHMe, H OHH HCnOJIb3YIOT BCIO MOIIlb cospexeaasex npoueccopoa H see B03MOlKHOCTH KOM­ @ A.B. clJpClJIOB. r.a, c;l)pOJJOlI~ 1993 IIbIOTepa (B OTJIHQHe OT nporpasos, OpHeHTHpOBllHHbIX TOJIbKO aa MS-DOS). ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6) '@ OPHrMH&JI-MalteT. ~pMJIeHHe o6JIOlKllH. ISBN 5-86404-004-5 AO ",[(HAJlOr-MH~H", 1993 . "AHAlTOr-MHtlJw 1 4 38UlHUliJHHhlH P8)KHI.f npOlJ8CCOpOB Int81 80286/80386/80486 BB8,Q8HH8 5 IIo.noMY ecJIB BhI W18HHpYeTe cocraaasrs nporpaMMhl AJIlI WINDOWS, ,BaM npaKTH'IecKOM HCn0JIb30BaHHB 38lllH1lleHHoro pclKHMa B KOMnblOTCpe'IBM AT H APY­ XOAHMO 3HaTb oco6eHHOCTH' pa60Thl rrponeccopa B ~eHHoM pe:lllllMe. ~ mx KOMDblOTCpaX, BhlDllJIHeHHhIX aa 6a3e nponeccopos i80286, i80386, i80486. ecJIH BbI 6YAere pa3pa6aT&IBaTb ,lij)aiIBephi HJIH ,lij)yrBe nPorpllMMlll, pa6oTa~~ Bmopax Z/Ul6a KHHrH COAeplXH'r npocroa npaxep nporpaMMhI, nepeuoAlllIl,ei npo­ annapaTYpoH, JIH60 ecJIH Bl\mH nporpaMMhI 6yAYT 06pa6aTblB8Tb OOm.mue ' neccop i80286 B 38mmn;eHHhli pelKHM H B03BHam.alOlD,Hi ero 06paTHo. Ha npllMepe AaHHhIX (nopJl,A1Ul HecXOJIbDIX Mera6aAT HJIH Ante HecXOJIbKHX AecsrnOB Me STOB: nporpaMMhI BhI CMOlKere nOJly'lHTb DpCACTB8JleHBe 0 rox, UK BIlmOJlHlllOTClI Hama KIfHI'a MOlKeT CTBTb AJIlI BaC nepBhIM maraM K nporpatolYHPOBaHBlO A/UI npOll,~pbl IlXOAB nponeccopa B ~eHHllli pellOlM pa60Thl H B03BpaTll B peans­ TH38A8'IHhIX onepanaoamsx CHCTeM, TIlKIIX, xax WINDOWS, OS/2 HJIH UNIX. HhIii: pe:KHM pa60Tbl. HaH60J1ee O'leBMAHhI npeHMYmeCTB8 381llH1ll~HHOro pelKllMa AJllI pememu Tpemss-enaea nOCBlIIII,eHa npephlBaHBlIM H HCXJIIO'IeHHllM B 3llIllHII{eHBoM pesos­ CB.ll38HHhlXC 06pa6oTx0i 60JIbllIBX MaCCHBOB ~' Hanpasrep, AJllI oopal Me. BhI noiMere pa3HBllY MelltAY MexaHB3MaMH npephlBaHBi peansaoro H 38IIJ,HII1,eH­ rpactJlAecKIIX ABHHhlX, nOJ!Y'leHHhIX co csaaepa, npa 1t0JIH'lecrBe ~ aoro PCllOlNOB, aa 1t0RlCpeTHOM npaaepe npoI'paMMhl HayqHTecb 06pa6aTblB8Tb anna­ paBHoM 256, MOZeT nOTpe60Ba11oC1I HecKOJIbKO ,tteClITltOB Mera6iiiT onepaTHBl:loA', paraue H rrporpasoeasre npephlBaHHlI, a Taae HCXJIIO'IeHHll B 38mmn;eHBoM pelKHMe. MlITH. MexaHH3M TIlK H83bI1laeMOH BHpTY8JIbHoA naMlITH, peami30BllHBhli B ByAYTpaccxorpeau sonpoca HHHUH8JlH~ KOBTpOJIJIepa npephlB8lUlH A/UI pa60Thl copax i80386 H i80486 (H paOOraIOIUHii 'l'OJIbKO B 38iuumeHHoM pexaae), n' B 38IIJ,HII1,eHBOM pelKHMe. npeAOCTllBHTb nporpaMMaM npaxrasecaa HeorpaHH'IeHHhIii: Ooo.eM BHPTYliJ1bHQA '" 'lemaepmaJI lJIaiJa COAeplKHT CBCAeHHlI 06 HCnOJlb30BaHHH MyJlbTH38A8'IHhIX B03­ paTHIlHoii: naxsra, peaJUl30BaHHOii: CHCnOJlb30BllKHeM Marmrmoto ABCKa. ' MOlKHOCTeH, peanasosaamsx a'npoueccope i80286 annaparao, Mhi npHlJe):\eM npHMep AalKe ecJIH' BhI COCTallJUleTe nporpaMMhl, opaesrapoeaaaae TOJlbKO H8 MS­ npocroro MYJIbTH38Al1'1HOro MOHHTopa H aa ero npaxepe nOKa:xeM, KaK MOlKHO opra­ BaM Bce paBHO RPHAi!Tcll cronxayrsca C 3aID,HmeHHhIM pellCHMOM pa60Th1 npc HH30BaTb pa3AeJJeHHe nponeccopaoro speMeHB MelltAY OAHOBpeMeHHO BhlnOJlHlllOID,H­ 3TO CBlI38HO C TeM, 'ITO A/UI YBeJIlAeHHlI AOCTYDHOro nporpaMMaM, om.eMa ~plt: MUClI 38A8'18MU. KpOMe roro, Mhi paCCMOTpHM BOnpOCHI CHliXPOHH38IUlH BhIDOJlBeHHll Hoi nllMJlTH 'l8CTO HCnOJIb3ywTClI Apa~Bephi pacnrapeaaos naMllTH EMM38~, 3BAa'l H HCD0Jlb30BaHHe ceMactJopoB. QEMM. EcJm YCTBHOBJIeH OAHH H3 3THX ApaHBepOB, npoueccop pa60TlleT YlICC IIstn,.aJI lJlaaa nocasmeaa oco6eHHOCTlIM nponeccopoa i80386 H i80486. Mhi pac­ PeaJIbHOM pelKHMe, ~ B TaK Ua3h1BaeMOM pelKHMe "BHPTYIlJIbHOro nponeccopa 81 CKazeM 06 YHHK8lIbHOii cxexe rrpeodpasosaaxs BApecOB. n03BOJI.llIOmei nporpa-aM (B KOTOphli OH nOD8A8eT H3 38lllH1lleHHoro pe:KHMa). EcJm sama nporpaMMa (. aapecosars npaxrasecxx HeorpaHH'IeHHhlH Ooo.eM naMlITH. BYAYT paccxorpeaa oco­ H83Ha'leHHUAJllI pa60Th1BMS"DOS) sanymeaaBcpene WINDOWS Bpe'IUIMCJ !ieHHOCTH 06pa60TKH npepblBaHlfH H MYJlbTH38A8l1HOCTH, a TaKlICe pe:KHM BHPTY8JlbHO­ Enhanced M~de", OHa TIlKlICe 6YAeT BhlnOJlJUlTbClI npoueccopoa B pellOlMe Ole: ro npoueccopa 8086. 8.nbHOro nponeccopa 8086". B iuecmoi; enaee ODHC8Ha aepapxas cpencra, AocrynHhlx 06h1'IHhIM DOS-npor­ ECJIH npa p83pa60TKe nporpaMMhI, OpHeHTHpoBaHHOH aa MS-DOS, He npBJill paNNaM A/UI pa60Th1 B 38lI1,HmeHHOM pelKHMe. BO BHHMaHBe B03MOlKHOCTb pa60Thl aa "BHPTY8JIbHOM nponeccope", 0H8 MoiKeT ' B".noi rnaae ODHC8HhI CPCACTBB BIOS, xoropue nporpaxaa MOllteT HCD0JIb30BaTb 3811oC1I HecoBMeCTHMOH CWINDOWS HJIH APabepaMH EMM386 H QEMM. ~ nepeJUlIO'IeHBlI B 381llH1lli!HHhlH pellCHM H AJllI aocryna K pacmapeaaoa naMllTH, TauM 06pa30M, pa3pa6aThlBall npcrpasesy AJllI MS-DOS, BaM CJIeAYeT npo HHTepctJeAchi YCPI H DPMI, a T/tKlIte pacmHpurenH DOS AJlll pa60Tb1 B 3amam.eHHoM BOnpOCHI COBMeCTHMOCTH C ApaiBepaMH pacnrapeaaoa naMlITH H 060.110; pe:KHMe - DOS-3KCTeHAephi. ' WINDOWS. A AJllI 3TOro BhI AOJllKHhI 3H8Tb oc06eHHOCTH 38lllHmeHHoro pe HHTepctJeHc YCPI (Yirtual Control Programm Interface) 06J1erqaeT COCTaBJIeHBe pclKHM8 JJHPTY8JIbHOro nponeccopa 8086. nporpasee, HCnOJIb3YlOIllHX 38lllH1lleHHhlA pellCHM pa60Thl nponeccopos. 3TOT HBTep­ Kpoxe 06ecne'leHHll KOppeKTHOH pa60Tb1 B BHpTY8JlbHOM peIHMe npou, ctJeHC AocryneH B TeX l;JIY'lallx, KOrAS B KOMDblOTepe YCTBHOBJIeH npoueecop i80386 3H8HBe ocotieaaccrea 38lllHmeHHoro PClKH~ n03BOJIHT BaM nOJlHO' H 34J4lextf HJIH i80486 H acnonssyercs Apabep p8CmRpCHHOH naMlITH, aH8JlOrHlIHhIii: EMM386 HCnOJlb30BaTb TIlKoi pecypc KOMDblOTCpa, UK pacmapeaaas orreperaaaas na HJIH QEMM. o HHTepctJeAc DPMI npCACTBBJllleT co6oH HHTepctJeil:c 60Jlee BhlCOKOro yposaa, qeM coiJepxaHuu ICHUlU YCPI. 3ror HBTepctJeAcAocryneH B CPCAe WINDOWS BepCHH 3.0 HJIH 3.1, pa60T810­ B nepeou ZlUUJe KHHm MhInpHBOAHM OCHOBHhle Te0pCTHqecKHe CBeACHHlI 0 meii: B pclKHMe "386 Enhanced Mode". npoueccopa B 38mmn;eHHoM pe:KHMe. npH .nOM MhI He npe1eHAYeM Ha nOJIHOT)', Ced"MaJI z.JIaaa nOCBlIm.eHa onepall,HOHHoii: CHCTeMe Microsoft WINDOWS. 3T1l , C8HBlI B03MOlKHOCTei npOlleccopa. Ha 3TOM .nane uama lleJ1b - AaTb MHHHMyM onepaUHoHHall CHCTeM8 n03BOJIlIeT HCnOJlb30BaTb He TOJIbKO npOI-paMMhI, pa'3paOOraH­ HRH, Hco6xoABMhIX AJlll roro, qro6h1 npHcrynHTb K COCTllBJICHHIO ncpBhIX npo: Hhle CneUH8J1bHO AJllI Hee, HO H 06b1'1Hh1e DOS-nporpaMMhI. IIpa pa60re WINDOWS p'1aH6H0KTHa lHO IAllHPXy mII e3 8KIlHlHHmm.e,H BH OKMO rpoeplhltiHXM OeD. HBC 8cHnaH CpKae6 0JTlHaT BeCpaeXT YKpOhiM eaCHTAb BC C3haIlJDIK,HHw .He:aHB cOi~ :'" B pacmupeHHoM pellCHMe "386 Enhanced Mode" DOS-nporpaMMhI nonyqalOT AonOJl­ HHTeJIbHhle 1I03MOlKHOCTH. OHH MOryT nepeKJIKJ'IaTbCll B 38lllHmeHHhlH pelKHM H 06­ lKHMe H DpHBeAeHhI ctJoPMaTbi BCex perHCTpOB. Mhi lICe CKOHll,eBTpHpyeM BIIHM: paTHO (B pellCHM BHPTY8JlbHOro npoueccopa 8086), MOryT06MeHHBaTbClI HHctJopMa­ "AHA.nOr-MHtPH" 3B~H~iiHHblH PSJKHAI npOI.4SCCOpOB InfsI80286/80386/80486 (Ilea C nporpaMMaMH WINDOWS C nOMO~1O MexaHH3Ma CLIPBOARD (C1'llHAApT­ Fnaea J (oro AJUI nporpaxa WINDOWS MexaHH3Ma o6MeH8 HHIlx>PMa~ea). OCOBEHHOCTH 3AIIJ;HII(EHlIOrO MbI paccxorpaa raxxe aexoropsre sonpoca COBMecTHO~ pa60TIll pe3H,l{eHTHhIX rporpasoe DOS H ~paiiBepoB DOS C OnepaUHOHHOa cHCTeMoH WINDOWS. PE)I(HMA llPO:QECCOPA i8028.6 Hefionsmoe 38MeqaHHe OTHOCHTeJIbHO nepeopaemauaa nporpaxa "BU6JIHoreKH HCTeMHoro nporpasoracra" aa Borland C. llpei:!~YmHe TOMB conepxarra npHMepbl rporpasos, nonroroaneamae ~S1 Microsoft Quick C HJIH Microsoft C 6.0. H8l1HH8S1 C llOAABJISIIOx«ee 60J1bmUHCTBO BJl8J\eJIblleB nepcoHaJIbHblX ICOMIlbIOTePOB. COBMecTH­ rerneproro TOMB MbI pemana H3MeHHTb nnanpopxy H paCCTaTbCSI C TpaHCJISITopaMH NbiX C IBM PC, HcnOJlb3YlOT onepaIUIOHHYIO cHCTeN)'. Microsoft MS-DOS HJIH aaano­ PHPMbI Microsoft. 3TO Bbl3BaHO B OCHOBHOM ~YMSI npHqHHaMH. Ilepsas HOCHT, ecJIH mHYIO ({8M PC DOS HJIH DIgital Research DR DOS). Bee 3TH OlJepallHoHHble esc­ 'aK MOlKHO Bblpa3HTbCSI, TaKTHqeCKHH xapaxrep, a sropas - crpareraxecxaa.: reNlll U3Ha'UlJlbHO pa3pa6aTbl1laJJHCb ~ MHXponpolleceopa epHpMW .n~ i8086 HJJB eroSonee ~emesoro aaanora 18088. HMeHHo TaKHeMIU:ponpOlleccOPbl 61>lJ1u YCTaHo­ • llOJlHTHKa Borland aa pOCCHHCKOM psraxe npasena K TOMy, lITO CTOHMOCTb H3­ B./leHblB nepsax nepcoHaJlbHblJCItOMlJblOTepax CpHP!o(bI IBM - IBM PC H IBM XT. ~eJIHH 3TOH <pHPMbI B py6J1S1x 3HaqHTeJIbHO HHlKe CTOHMOCTH aH8JlOI1f'lHlllX Ilponeccopu i8086 B 18088 OTHOCSITCSI.K 16~pa3PSlilH1>lM npoueccopaa. MaxcH­ npoayxros <pHPMbl Microsoft. 3TO cnocoecrsyer HX 60Jlee mHpOKOMY pacnpo­ ~HblA om.eM 8J\pecyeMoA BMH onepaTHBHOO naMSITH COCTaBJISleT,1 M'6ah, sro on­ cTj)aHeHHIO aa pblHKe. peAeJISleTcll HCnOJlb30BaHUeM 20-pa3pSl~Hoii: 8J\pecaUHH lJaNllTH. • B aacrosmee BpeMSI 60JlbmHHCTBo rrepeaosax nporpaseaacros nepexonar OT . BbI saaere, qro p83pa60TtIHXH 4JJfPMbl IBM H3 scero Mera611HTHoro aapecaoro Txje) ~TpHa~HHCOJHISHITOOrpoO nB po~Srp1a soomr,aepKoTaHaOa-aOsp HKe HoTmH,epKOTBHaOH-HObplXH eHS1T3Hb1pKOOBB aHBHoorMlayn. dH a38 lpUs1rJa1­ a "BIJopoeC ~1'pa HBCITOBSll OUT aBleJJlJIHa 'p~aITIY POhni.e paTHBHOH lJaMJlTH. 640 K6aiiT, sapesepsaposaa 0CTllJIb­ Hau60Jlee npoxayro n03HUHIO, B qaCTHOCTH, 6J1aro~apSl ee nOCJle~HeMY H~e­ HNeHHo H8 TaKylO KOHepHrypa~ anpecaoro IJpOCTpaHCTBa H paCC'tDITiula onepa­ JlBIO - Borland C++ 3.1. ee qHOHH811 CHCTeMa MS-DOS (H aH8JlOm). l103TO!O(y NaKCHMaJIbHWi'pasxep onepa­ Qro6b1 He 6b1Tb roJlOCJIOBHblMH no nOBO~y uea, npHBe~eM lleHhl aa CHCTeMbl pas­ :THBHOH lJaMSITH, ~ocryIIHOH nporpaMMaM, pa60TalOII(HM IJO~ ynpailJIeHHeM MS-DOS, la60TKH nporpasoraoro o6ecneqeHHSI no npeacxyparrry HHHOBa~OHHOro uearpa 06bJl1HO cocraaaser 500 ": 620 K6aAT, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT sepcaa onepaJUJoHHoi cac­ Tlepcrrexraaaue TeXHOJlOI'HH" OT 24 asrycra 1992. TCNIll H ee HaCTj)OHKH, OT rana KOMlIblOTepa, OT KOHepurypa~H ~paHBepOB H pesane­ HTHIllX nporpaso«. H3iJeJlUe Ilena, py6. Ilo Mepe BHe~peHHII nepcOH8JlbHblX KOMIJbIOTePOB B pa3JJHQHble eepePbl .QeJlTeJIbHO­ Microsoft C/C++ 7.0 126900 CTH qeJIOBeKa 6hJCTPO B03paCT8JlH CJI0~HOC'Mt nPorpaMMHoro 06ecneQeHHII Ii Tpe(iOBa­ Microsoft QuickC for WINDOWS .51 150 HWI K annapnype rrepcoaaasaoro xosmsiorepa. Cxopo CTllJIO S1CHO, sro ~S1' ycnem­ Borland C++ & Appl. Frameworks 3.0 24000 aero penreaas MHOI'HX 38,/laq o6'beMa lJaMlITH B 640 K6alIT'lIBHO senocraronao. Borland C++ 3.0 17 100 Cne.llYIOmaSl YAAqu8ll'MO~em. nponeccopa 4JUPNhI lntel - 16-pa3P~Hblii npoueccop i80286 - npH~HnHaJJbHO OTJlHQaeTcllOT 18086. 3TOT npoueccop MOlKeT pa60TaTb B ~.I:,: KOMMeHTapHH HMHlliHH. ~BYX pelKHMaX - peanbHOM U ~eHHOM. IJTO JKe KacaeTCSI om.eKTHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHoro nporpaseeapoaaaas.tro 6e3 npe­ i~ B peanbHOM pelKHMe nponeccop 180286 lIBJIJleTCll IJpaxTHqecKH IJOJIBblN aaanorox IBeJIHqeHHSI MOlKHO CKa3aTb, qTO HMeHHO 6J1aro~apSl esry <pHpMa Borland saaana JIB­ ill086, HO HMeeT 60JJbwee 6blCTPO~eKCTBue. B peaJJbHblK pelKHM npoueceop nepeKJIIO­ lHpYlOmee MeCTO B o6J1acTH nporpasomoro o6ecneqeHHSI.. qaetcSlIJOCJIearmaparnero c6poca HJJH nocne BKJJlOqeHH1I nHTaHHII KOMIJbIOTepa. , l103TOMy Mbl nparnauraex qHTaTeJleil "BH6J11wTeKH cacrexaoro rrporpaaxacra" .. PeanbHblH PflKHM OOecneqHBaer IIOJlHYIO COBMecTHMDC.Tb npoueccopa 180286 C :AeJIaTb nepaua mar B HanpaBJIeHHH 06'beKTHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHoH TeXHOJlOrHH - oc­ nporpaMMHblM 06ecneQeHUeM, nO~I'OTOBJIeHHblM ,lImI i8086. lIo3TOMY KOMnbIOTep, IOHTb cacrexy nporpaMMHpOBaHHSI Borland C. B A8JlbHeilmeM Mbl nJIaHHpyeM B aa­ IBMAT (H ero aJlaJlonr). B KOTOpOM YCTaHOBJIeH npoaeccop 180286, cnocodea 6e3 nHX xaarax aKTHBHO nporraraunaposars om,eKTHo-opHeHTHpOBaHHOe nporpasesapo­ 'lPYWI pa60TaTb C onepaUUOllHoil CHCTeMOA MS-DOS Ii IJporpaWNaMH, pa3pa60TaH­ iaaae Ha' S13blKe C++. HbIM paaee ~S1 npeueccopa i8086. ' ABTOpbl BblpaJKalOT 6J1aro~apHOCTb COTPYAHHKy AO ")l,HAJIOr-MHcDW' MaKcHMY 0AHaxo DOJIHOCTblO BOSNOlKHOcm i80286 peaJJH3YlOTCII B TaK Ha3hlB8eMOM 38­ :::HHeBy aa ueaasre peKOMeHAa~HH no cO~epJKaHHIO KHHI'H " 38 CymeCTBeHHYIO no­ IItHIUfHHOM. pelKHNe, B 1\:000pblil npoueccop MOlKeT rrepecmosarscaaa pea.1IbHOl'O pe­ Wmb, OKa3aHHYlO npa patiore nan pa3~eJIOM, nocBSlmeHHblM DOS-3KCTe~epaM. Mbl .lKBM8 CnCUH8JlbHOH KOMBH,!\OH. 'aKJKe 6J1aroAapHM scex COTPY~HHKOB AO ")l,HAJIOr-MHcDH", npHHHMaBlliHX ysac­ , ,B 38lUHlIJ~HHON' pelKHNe nponeccop i80286 nO}lHOCTbIO npeo(ipalKaeTClI. HClJom.­ 'He B nonrorosxe KHHI'HK H3AaHHIO, syll cosepmeaao HHOA Mero~ 8J\pecaUHH naMlITH, nponeccop i80286 pacmapser aape­ "AHAIIOr-MHtPw s 36WHWiiHHblH peXHM npOL/8CCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 OC06eHHOCTH 3BuPlW9HHOro pe1K#fMB npoL/er;COpB /80286 9 :Hoe npocrpaacrso ,110 16 M6aih. Ilpoueccop i80286 B 3II1WIUl,eHHOM pelKHMe HMeer HOM peEHMe (386 Enhanced Mode) nporpasoaa MOlKeT pacnopsxarscs HeCKOJlbll;HMH 1ICTP0eHHylO nOMeplKKy MynbTH3IIAa'lHhlx onepanaomnsx CHCTeM, 3HallHTeJlbHo)'C­ AecllTKa~ Mera6aAT BHPTYaJIbHOH onepaTHBHOH naMlITK, Aalll:e ecna B KOMnblOTepe WplllOUl,ylO H ynpoUl,8IOUJ,y1O npouecc rrepexmoeeaaa 3llA8l1. 3Ta nOMepJKica llKTHBHO ycraaoaneao TOJlbKO 3 - 4 M6aiTa <pH3H'IecKOH oneparasaoa naMlITH. acnonssyerca scexe MynbTH3lIAallHhlMH onepallHoHHhlMH cHcreMaMH H 06o,rJo.ue.BMH, KOHe'IHo, BHPTYanbHall naMlITbpa60TaeT MeAJIeHHee, 'IeM <pH3H'IecKall, HO, BO­ pa3pa601'8HHhlMH.lIJIlI KOMDblOTepa IBM PC/AT. nepBhlX, 100 M6aHT BlfllTYllJIbHoii naMlITH 06oA,AyTClI BaM HeH3MepHMO nemeane, qeM KpOMe pacnrapeaas anpecaoro npocrpascrsa, HOBhlH MeTOA anpecanaa naMliTH fOOM6aAT <pH3H'IecKOH naMliTH, a BO-BTOphlX, npoueccopsr 180386 H 180486 HCnOJlI>­ 1l03BOnlleT H30JlHP0BaTb aapecaue npocrpaacrsa OTAeJIbHhlX 3lIA8l1 APyr OT APyra. 3y1OT Cn~lIJlbHhle anrraparuue cpencrsa, ycxopsiomae pa60Ty nO~HcreM!>I BHpTy­ OpH 3ToM npaxnaaaas nporpasoaa, pa60TalOUl,811 B cpene onepannoaaoa CHCTeMhl., f1CnoJlb3YIOUl,eH 3alWlUl,eHH~H pelKHM, He MOlKeT CJIyqaHHO MH HaMepeHHO paapy­ lIJIWKpIooAa ena MTOliTI'OH, . 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B BHPTYaJIbHOM pelKHMe npoueccop cnocofiea BblnOJlHlITb nporpaseea, cocra­ B 3IIlWIllleHHOM pelll:HMe rrporpasesa MOlll:eT 3aDHCblBBTb AaHHhle TOJlbKO B re 06na­ BJleHHhIC AJllI npoueccopa i8086, aaxonscs B 3IIUl,HllleHHOM pelKHMe H acnonsaya an­ :'I'H naMlITH, xoropue BhlAeJIeHbI eH onepauaoanoa CHCTeMOH. 3TO CRnbHOnoasmraer naparaue cpencrsa 3II~Ul,eHHoro pelll:HMa: MYJlbTtl3lIAallHOCTb, H30JlllpOBaH~e aapec­ f1aAelll:Hocrb pa60Thi MynbTH3aAallHblX H, B sacraocra, MYJlbTHnOJlb30BaTeJIbCKHX one­ 'HhIXnpocrpaHCTB OTAeJIbHhlX 3llAAlI npyr OTAPyra, crpaaanaas BHPTYaJIbHall naMlITb. pauaoaaux CHCTeM. B nocneaaex cnysae H30nHpOBaHHe aapecaux npoerpaaera 311­ HaJIH'lHe BHPTY8JlbHOro pelKHM;a 3Ha'lHTeJIbHO 06J1erqlteT npoexraposaaae onepa­ ~all, npHH8AJIelKa~x OTAeJIbHhIM nOJlb30BaTeJIlIM, B xopomo cnpoexrapoaaaaoa IlHOBHhlX CHCTeM, cnoc06Hhlx BhlnOJlHlITb onaoapexeaao B MYJlbTH3l1,llllQHOM' pelKHMe MYJlbTHnOJlb30BaTeJIbCKOH onepauaonaoa cacrexe nOJlHOCTblO HCKnIO'I8eT 1'8KylO CM­ aecK!'JlbKO nporpasee, OpHeHTHpOBaHHhlX Ha onepanaonnyro CHCTeMy MS-DOS. ryauaro, KorAa nocne sanycxa OAHHM nOJlb30BaTeJIeM HeAOCTaTOllHO OTnalKcHHoK B03MOlII:HOCTb oAHoBpeMeHHoH pa60Tbl HecKOJlbKHX nporpaMM, npenaaaaauemnax .lIJIlI 1lP0rpaMMhI npHxOAHTClI nepesanycxars BCIO CHCTeMy. MS-DOS, peaxaaosaaa, aanpaaep, B onepauaoaaux cacreuax WINDOWS BepcHH Boofinie rosops, no CBOHM B03MOlKHocrllM npoueccop i80286 B 3II~llleHHOM pe­ 3.0 H3.1 (B pacmapennoa pelKHMe H TOJlbKO npa HaJIHqHH nponeccopos i80386, IICHMe 60nbme nOXOlK aa uearpansaue npoueccopu 60JlblliHX H MHHH-3BM, lIeM aa 180486), OS/2 sepcaa 2.0, Desk View 386. MHKponpolleccophl, HCnOJlb30BaBlliHeClI B nepsux MOAeJIlIX nepconansasrx KOMDbIO­ " nepe'IHCJlHTd KpaTKO OCHOBHhle npeaxyinecrsa, xoropue nonyxaer nporpaxxa, repos, n03TOMY i80286 (a TaKlICe CJIeAYIOUl,He MOAeJIH - i80386 H i80486) 06h1'IHo Pa60TlllOIlUill B 38Ul,HUl,eHHOM pelKHMe npoueccopa: ..;.: f1a3b1BBIOT He MHKponpOlleccopaMH, a npoueccopasor. :'~ • . B03NOlll:Hocrb HenOCpeACTBeHHOH IlApeC811HH naMlITH 311 npeAenaMH' nepsoro B CJIeAYlOlllHX MOAeJllIX npoueccopos <pHpMhI Intel - i80386 H i80486 - nOMHMO Mera6aii1'8; pacmapeaaa anpecaoro npocrpascrsa AO YMonoMpallHTeJIbHOA BeJIHlIHHhI B 4 I'6am • .lIJIlI nponecopos i80386 H i8J486 peanasoaaa MeX8HH3M crpaHll'lHOi BHpTy­ peanasoaaaa xoauernras crpaHHlIHoH BHpryaJIbHOH naMlITH. Bc~ 3TO B03MOlKHO TOJIb­ aJIbHOH naMlITH, n03BOJllllOUl,HH nporpaMMaM patiorars C naMlITblO, pasxep W B 38~llleHHOM pelKHMe., KOTOPOH MOlll:eT 6h1Tb MHOro 60JlbWe <PH3HqecKOH oneparasaoa naMlITH, ycra­ He BAaBallCb B nerana (HX MbI paCCMOTpHM n03l1Ce) , MOllCHO CKa3aTb, 'ITO Mexa­ HOBJIeHHOH B KOMnbIOTepe; ~H3M CTPaHHlIHOH BHpTyaJIbHOH naMlITH n03BOJllleT pa3MecTHTb lIaCTb OnepaTHBHOH • annaparnaa nOAAeplKKa NYJlbTH31lAa'lHOCTH n03BOJllleT C03AaBaTb Ha ocHoBe laMlITH Ha AHcKe. B HaCTOllUl,ee BpeMlI crOHMOCTb OnepaTHBHOH naMlITH. T8KOBa, 'ITO npolleccopoB, pa60Ta1OU1Hx B 3aUl,HUl,eHHOM pelKHMe BbicoKOnpOH3BQAHTeJIb­ JeAKO MOllCHO BCTpeTHTb nepcOHaJIbHble KOMnblOTephl, OCHaUl,eHHbIe 60Jlee lIeM 16 Hhle MYJlbTH38AA'IHhle H MYJlbTHnOJlb30BBTeJIbCKHe cHcreMhI; M6aHTaMH onepaTHBHoH naMlITH. 06h1l1HO lKe B HaJIHlIHH ee HMeeTClI Bcero 3­ • 3Ql<PeKTHBHall pa60Ta HecKOJlbKHX nporpaMM, COCTaBJIeHHhlX AJllI MS-DOS, 4 M6aHTa. Ho ecnH Balli KOMnblOTep HMeeTAHCK 60JlbmOrO pa3Mepa, Bbi Mo.ere 311­ OCHOBaHH811 Ra HCnOJlb30BaHHH BHpTyaJIbHOro pelKHMa pa60Tb1 DpOlleci:opa. ~eHCTBOBaTb lIaCTb AHcKa AJllI c03AaHHlI BHpryaJIbHOM onepaTHBHOH naMliTH. npH JTOM pa3Mep OnepaTHBHOH naMlITH (BHpTyaJIbHOH), npeAOCTaBJIlleMOH nporpaMMaM, )if3YQeHHC 3IIUl,HUl,eHHoro pelll:HMa Mhi HallHeM C onHC8HHlI MeTOAa 1lApeC811HH )rpaHHlIeH pa3Be liTO JlHllib pa3MepOM CB060AHOro npocrpaHCTBa Ha AHCKe. naMllTH, KOpeHHhlM 06pa30M oTJiH'IaIQU1erocll OT npHBhlQHoro AlllI BaC MeTOAa HanpHMep, npH pa60Te B cpeAe onepallHOHHOH CHCTeMbi WINDOWS BepcHH 3.0 H .:<ceI'MeHT:cNeUl,eHHe> peanbHoro pelKHMa. OAHaKo BHallaJIe HanOMHHM, Kalt MpecyeT­ 1.1 Ha KOMnbIOTepaX, OCHaUl,eHHblX npolleccopaMH i80386 RnH i80486, Il paclliHpeH­ ell naMlITb B peanbHoM pelKHMe. "AHAI7or-MHtPH" 10 311U4HU48HHbliI pe)I(MM npOll,BCCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 Oco6eHHOCTH 3a/l4H/l4eHHOrO pe:KHMa npoueccope ;80286 11 A,IlpecaU,IUI naMIlTM II peaJlbHOM peXMMe Hanpaxep, nycrs y Hac ecrs norasec­ 20 "03p""'OB KHM anpec 1234h:0123h. Cerxearaas KO­ BhJ, aasepaoe, saaere, 'ITO AJIIl pa60Tbl C DaMllTblO HCnOJIh3YlOTCll ~e mHHH : 18~"1l0B MnOHeHTa paaaa 1234h, KOMnOHeHTa OHHa. aapeca H WHHa MHHIIIX. <I>H3H,'1ecKH naMllTb YCTpOeHa TllItHM 06pa30M, 'ITO BO­ ~ I CMelUeHHlI - 0123h. BbllIHCJlHM !p1l311llec­ IMOXHa ~pecall,Hll ICaK 16-6HTOBblX CJI0B, rax R OTAeJJbHIIIX 6aiiTOB naMllTH. KI?OMe + GerH9HT 0000 I ICHM aapec, COOTBeTCTBYlOlUHM aamexy 'oro, npoueccopa i80386 H i80486 MOryT 8,ApecOBaTb 32-6HTOBllle CJI0Ba naMllTH. ~I ~9~~Me aoranecsoxy anpecy: B JlI060M CJIYlIae TaK Ha3b1BaeMbiM !pH3HlIeCxHH aapec nepeaaercs H3 nponeccopa B \ laMllTb no WHHe aapeca, lIIHpHHa WHHbI aapeca onpeaenser MaltCHM8JIbHblH Ooo.eM • 16 pa3pSlAoa ~ • pacunrpaex AO 20 6HT cerxearayso KOMnoHeHTY, norracsrsas cnpasa 4 ~H3H'1ecICOii: naMllTH, HenocpeACTBeHHO ~pecyeMoii: nponeccopwoxe.e Haa pRC. 1 nO&a38­ aynessrx 6HTa, nonyllaeM lIHCJlO ra cxeaa B38HMOAeHcTBIllI rrpoueccopa H naMllTH sepea mHHH H AaHHIIIX. 12340h; CIlM.1IM--'lllJlpeC "'-. • pacurapaev AD 20 6HT KOMnOHeH­ ry CMelUeHHSI, nonacueas CJIeBa 4 WMHOSApeca Puc. 2. Aopec~u" naM"mu e peansuos: pexuue HyJIeBbiX 6HTa, nonysaex lIHCJIO 00123h; • AJl5I nOJIYlleHHSI !pH3HlIecKoro .anpeca CKJI~b1BaeM nonyxeaaue '1HCJIa: 12340h + 00123h = 12453h. UlMHa· ..._ OAHOMy !pH3H'IecKOMY aapecy MOlKeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb HecKOJIbKO JIOm'leCKHX. ~ Hanpaxep, !pH3H'1ecKOMy anpecy 12453h COOTBeTCTByeT JIOmlleCKHM 1245h:0003h. <I>aKTHlIeCKH B cxexe anpecauaa naMSITH peansaoro pelKHMa SCSI naMlITb KaK 6b1 Puc. J. Illuna aopeca U ",UHa OOHHblX 1: pa36HBaeTClI Ha CerMeHTbI. <I>H3HlIecKHM anpec aasana ceraeara (6a30BblH anpec cer­ Hanpaxep, xoxmaorep IBM XT OCHam:eH 20-pa3PMHOH WHHOA aapeca H 16-pa3­ MeHTa) pasea paCWHpeHHOM AO 20 6HT Cel'MeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTe anpeca (pacmapeaae IllAHOM WHHOii: AaHHblX. 3TO oaaasaer, xro axeercs B03MOJICHOCTb anpecosarscs IC BblnOJlHlIeTCSI AOnHCblBaHHeM cnpasa 4 HYJleBbiX 6HT). . !l6 6aiiTaM naMlITH, T. e. K 1 M6aMT}' naMlITH. TIpHlIeM B03MOJKHO anpecosarscs K Cel'MeHTbI MOryT Ha'lHHaTbCsI TOJIbKO C !pH3HlIecKoro anpeca, KOTOpblH xparen 16 iaHTaM H CJI0BaM pasxepox B 16 6nT. 6aHTaM. TI03TOMY OH MOlKeT aasaaarsca TOJlbKO C rpamnus naparpatpa, KOMDOHeHTa TaK ICalC anpeca npHHlITO aanacuaars B meqH3AIUlTeplflDloA epopMe, TO Mbi MoxeM CMelUeHHlI rrpa TaKOH cxexe anpecauaa S1BJISleTCSI cxemeaaex BHyTpH cerraeara naua­ ianacars AHana30H !pH3HlIeCICHX anpecos AJIlI 20-pa3pllAHOH mHHbI aapeca CJleAYIO­ TH. A caM ceneear naMlITH SaAaeTCSI CerMeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTOH (pHC. 3) JJ;HM 06pa30M: .., CDMSM'ISCIUIA ~p.c '0000h <= [~H3H~ecKHM aApec] <= FFFFFh ." 00000 • TaKHM 06pa30M, AJIll npeACTaBJIeHHlI !pH3HlIecKoro aapeca B KototDbIOTepax 000'0 eer"eNT"blA !:lAPSC-0002 BM PC H IBM XT acnonsayercs ,l\1laAllaTb ABOHlIHblX HJJH nllTb mecraanuarepauasrx 00020 (\: 01• .,...... -0828 la3pllAoB. 00030 O,!tHaKO see peracrpu nponeccopa i8086 lIBJ1l1lOTCll 16-pa3PMHblMH. B03HHitaeT ooo~o Paa"ep cer"ElNTII-64 K Ip06J1eMa npeACTaBJIeHHll 20-pa3pllAHoro !pH3HlIecKOro anpeca naMlInI npa QOMOmH I ooo~. I 00050 :oAepxHMorO 16-pa3PMHblx pemcTpoB. . Anll paapeureaaa 3TOA np06J1eMbi acnonsayerca AByxKoMnOHeHTHbiM. JlOrH'IecKHM ~' ~pec. JIom'leCKHM anpec COCTOHT 113 16-pa3pllAHblX ICOMDOHeHT:ICOMnOHeHTbl cerxe­ / 10020 nDrw...ac.DMYa,p,pecy ITa naMlITH H KOMnOHeHTbI CMelUeHllll BHyTpH cerxerrra. 10040 0802:0028 COOT••TCT&yIIT Anll nonyseaas 20-pa3pltAHoro !p1l311'leCKoro aapeca IC CerMeHTHOM ICOMnOHeHTe FFFFF • M'3W".CQIIA 800 ... rpanacsreaercs cnpasa qeTbipe HYJleBbiX 611Ta (AJIll pacrmrpeaas AO 20 pa3PMOB), Puc. 3. Coomeemcmeue /lOZU~eCKOZO aopeca ()(){)2h:()()28h t}JU3U'IecKOMY aopecy ()(){)48h laTeM rronyxeaaoe '1HCJlO cxnamaaaercs C KOMnoHeHTOH cMe~eHHlI (pRC. 2). Ilepea :JJOlKeHlleM K KOMnOHeHTe CMem:eHHll cnesa norracuaaercs sersrpe HYJleBw.6HTll JIomllecKHH anpec AOJllKeH HaXOAHTbClI B CJIeAYlOlUHX rrpenenax: TaK lKe AJIll' pacurapeaas AO 20 paspsnos). 0000h:0000h <= [nOrH~ecKHH aApec] <= FFFFh:000Fh JIomqeCKllM aapec npaasro aarracsrsars B 4>oPMe <ceraearicaemeaae>. 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B pesyasrare JlOrH­ "' BpeMjl HX noxaoe onacaaae. recsoxy aapecy FFFFh:0010h 6yt\eT COOTBeTCT80BllTb <pH3H'IeCKHH aapec OOOOOh. ECJIH lICe HcnOJlb3YlOTClI nponeccopu i80286, i80386 HJlH i80486, <pH3H'IeCKalI WH­ npe06pa30B3HKe anpecos B 38I1J.KlIJ.eHHOM peJKKMe ra aapeca mape 20 GHT. }1,JI1I npoueccopa i80286 urana anpeca HMeeT IIIHpHHy 24 6H­ B 38ll.\HmeHHOM peJKHMe. T8K JKe KaK H B peansaox, cyIJ:teCTBylOT nOHlITHlI JIOI'H'Ie­ a, a t\J11I nponeccopoa i80386 H i80486 - 32 6HT/i. ITPH pafiore B' peanbHoM pellCHMe CKOfO H <pH3H'IeCKoro aapeca. JIofH'IeCKHH aapec B 3aIJ:tHIJ:teHHOM peJKHMe (aaorna IcnOJlb3YlOTClI MJla.lIWHe 20 aapecmsx JlHHHH- OT AO no A19, OCT8JIbHble anpecaue IHHHH annaparypa xoxnssorepa 6J1oKHpyeT. HCnOJlb3YeTCSI repuaa "BHpry8JIbHblH anpec") COCTOHT H3 t\BYX 16-pa3plIt\HblX KOM'­ nOHeHT - cenexropa H CMeIJ:teHHII. Cenexrop aanacsrsaercs B re xe cerxearasre pera­ ECTb B03MOllCHOCTb CHlITb OJlOKHpOBKy C aapecaoa JlHHHH A20. ITPH 3TOM B peans­ 10M pe:lltHMe nOIIBJllIeTCII eme OAHH "JlbroTHblil" cerxenr naMlITH, JlellCaIJ:tHH ,Bblwe crpu, lITO H CerMeHTHblH aapec B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe. Ot\H8KO npe06p830B8HHe JIOI'H­ xecxoro anpeca B <pH3HllecKHH BblnOJIHlIeTCII He npocrax CJIOllCeHHeM CO Ct\BHroM, a 'PaHHl.\bI rrepsoro Mem6aiiTa. 3TOT CerMeHT Ha3b1BlleTClI 06J1aCTblO crapurea naMIITH .High Memory Area). Em t\Hana30H JlOrH'IeCKHX aApeCOB - OT FFFFh:0010h no npa nOMOIJ:tH cneu.H8JIbHblX Ta6JIHl.\ npe06pa30BaHHII anpecos. "FFFh:FFFFh. Paaxep 06J1aCTH crapmea naMIITH - 64 K6aiiTa 6e3 16 6aHT. B rrepaox npH6JIHlKeHHH MOJKHO C'IHTaTb, 'ITO t\J11I nponeccopa i80286 CeJIeKTOp Onepauaoaaas CHCTeMa MS-DOS yxeer HCnOJlb30BaTb crapuryio 06J1acTb naMII'l1t, IIBJlJleTCSI RHt\eKcoM B TaMHl.\e, cOAeplKameH 6a30Bble 24-pa3plIt\Hble <pH3H'IeCKHe aA­ peca CerMeHTOB. B npouecce npe06pa30BaHHlI norauecxoro anpeca B' <pH3H'IecKHH sacnonaras TaM CBoe IIt\PO. ,Ll,Jl1I sroro He06xot\HMO nOt\KJlIO'IHTb t\paiiBep -IIMEM.SYS H nOMecTHTb B <PaM CONFIG.SYS CTpOKy: npoueccop npatiaanser K 6a30BoMY 24-pa3plIt\HoMY anpecy 16-pa3plIt\Hoe CMeIJ:teHHe, T. e. BTOpylO KOMnoHeHTy JlOI'H'IeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 4). )OS=HIGH Apxarexrypa npoueccopos cepaa i80XXX, pa60TaIOIJ:tHX B pe8JIbHOM pellCHMe, 4DaoI3M...QU48 aApee rpennonaraer xpaaeaae CerMeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTbI anpeca B CerMeHTHbiX peracrpax: 16 16 -------, 000000 CS - CerMeHT xoaa; DS - cerxerrr t\aHHblX; ES - t\onOJlHHTenbHblil cerxesr t\aHHblX; SS - cerxear CTeKa. ". KOMnOHeHTa CMemeHHII MOllCeT HaXOt\HTbClI B peracrpax BX, BP, SI, Dl, IP. 3aAaBaSI npoaseoasaae 3Ha'leHHII CerMeHTHOil KOMnOHeHTbI H KOMnOHeHTbI CMe­ l.\eHHSI JlI06alI nporpaxxa MOlKeT aApeCOBaTbClI K JlI060MY ysacrxy naMIITH KOMnblO­ , 'FFFFFF repa, B qaCTHOCTH, JlI06alI nporpasosa MOll:eT npeanaxepenno HJlH H3-3a oWH6KH Ja3pYIIIHTb 06J1aCTH aaaasrx, npaaannexamae Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMe. Puc. 4. Ynp0/<ieHHtnl CXCMa npeoopasoeanu» J!OlU"CCICOZO abpeca a q,U3U'/CCICUU BblJlenHM t\Ba OCHOBHblX Het\OCTaTKa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH peansnoro pelKHMa: II 3a/<iU/<iCHHOM pexuxe Taxas cxexa <PoP~HPOIlaHHII <pH3H'IeCKoro anpeca n03BOJllIeT HenOCpet\CTBeHHO • orpaaaseanoe anpecnoe npQfTPaHCTBO <Ao 1 M6aHTa H npasrepno 64 K6ailTa crapmea 06J1aCTII naMIITH t\J11I npoueccopos i80286, i80386 H i80486); aapecoaars 16 M6aHT n8MlITH C nOMOIJ:tblO 16-pa3PllJlHblX j(OMnOHeHT norasecxoro • cB06ot\HblH nocryn Jl106b1x nporpaxx K JlI06b1M 06J1aCTIIM t\a.HHblX, 'ITO npenc­ aAP~· TaBJIlIeT nOTeHl.\H8JIbHYIO onaCHOCTb t\J11I l.\eJlOCTHOCTH Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMbi. 3aMeTbre, 'ITO CeJleKTOp - 3TO He CerMeHTHblH aapec. 3TO HHt\eKc, C nOMOIJ:tblO KO­ TOPOro npoueccop H3BJ1eKaeT H3 cnel.\H8JIbHOH Ta6J1Hl.\b1 24-pa3plIt\HblH 6a30BblH an­ 3THX Het\OCTaTKOB nOJlHOCTbIO JlHWeHa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH, xoropas acnons­ pee cerxeara. B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe Mbi HMeeM t\eJlo C CerMeHTHbiM aapecox H CMeIJ:te­ lyeTClI B 3amHmeHHOM pellCHMe. . HHeM, a B 3aID;Hll.\eHHOM - C CeJIeKTOpOM H CMeIJ:teHHeM. Ha caMOM t\ene He see 16 6HT cenexropa HcnoJlb3YlOTClI t\J11I HHt\eKCal.\HH no Ta6­ JlHu.e 6a30Bblx anpecos, B xaxecree HHt\eKca BblCTYnalOT crapnrae 1;3 6MT. )l,Ba MJlaA­ ) "AHAJlOr-MHtPw 14 3a~H~eHHbliii pe)f(HM npOL/eCCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 OC06eHHOCTH 3S/J4H/J49HHOro pe)f(HMS npOl./9CCOPS 180286 15 - IlIHX 6HTa (6HT 0 H 6HT 1) HcnOJlb3YlOTCli CHCTeMOH 3aIl.lHTbI naMlITH, 0 qeM Mbi nOA­ P06HO noroaopaa B CJIeAYIOlI\eM paaaene. 6HT 2 n03BOJllleT Bbl6HpaTb AJIli npeofipa­ 30BaHHlI azipeca OAHH H3 ABYX THnOB Ta6J1Hl\ npe06pa30BaHHlI anpecos. 16 3 2 1 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11 A < > HMA8ICG TI RPl Puc. 5. nom,,,,1l <pOf/Mam cenexmopa aiJpeca Ha pHC. 5 ABa MJlaAIlIHX 6HTa 0603HaqeHbI KaK RPL (Requested Privilege Level). 3TO none sanaercs 3anpOIlIeHHbIM nporpasoaoa ypoeneu npaaaneraa, H ero Mbi 6y­ AeM 06cY)l(AaTb n03)1(e. Ilone TI (Table Indicator) COCTOHT H3 OAHOro 6HTa. EcJIH Puc. 6. YmO'<Hifuuast CJCt!MQ npt!06pa:KXlaUUSl aiJpecoo 3TOT 6HT pases HyJlIO, AJISI npeo6pa30BHHHSI anpeca acnonssyercs TaK naasrsaexras rJI06aJIbHaSi Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB GDT (Global Descriptor Table), B npOTHBHOM cnysae - noxansaas Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB LOT (Local Descriptor Table). )J.eTaJlbHoe onacaaae CXeM6I npe06pa30BaHHJI anpecos Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB - 3TO npOCTO Ta6J1HQa npeofipaaoeaaas aApeCOB, conepxa­ Teneps nepe~CM K 60JIee crporoxy onHcaHHIO cxeMbi npe06pa30BaHHlI aapecos B uias 6a30BbIe 24-pa3pllAHble <pH3HqecKHe aapeca CerMeHTOB H aexoropyio npyryro ~CHHOM pelll:HMe. HH<p0pMaQHIO. To ecrs KalK,l\bIH 3J1e'MeHT Ta6J1Hl\bI necxpxrrropos (necxpanrop) cone­ Pemcrp GOTR, yxa3b1Ba1OIIlHA pacnoaoxeaae B <pH3K'1eCxoii naMlITH H pasxep plKHT 24-pa3pll,l\HbIH 6a30BbIH anpec cersrenra H apyryro HH<p0pMal\HIO, onacaaa­ rJI06aJII>HOil: m6JIH~ .o,ecXpHlIT()POB GOT, lIBJIlIeTClI KJllOqeBblM B cxeae a,l\pecaUHH IOlI\YIO CerMeHT. 3alllHmcHHoro pelll:HMa. Ta6J1HQa GOT - e,l\HHCTBeHHaSi B CHCTeMe. 06bIqHO B HeH HaXO,l\SlTCSI onHcaHHSI ce­ IQ)o p""81" p .......CT'J)a GDTR I I rMeHTOB Onepal\HOHHOH CHCTeMbI. Ta6J1HQ LOT MOlKeT 6bITb MHoro. 3TH Ta6J1Hl\b1 CO­ 6a.O''''~ ."'"O" GOT Pi_eo> t.$T. 1 aepxar onHcaHHSI CerMeHTOB nporpaxx, pa60TalOlI\HX non ynpaanenaea onepauaoa­ E 24it..,.. • l 18 MY- »' HOH <:HcTeMbI, T. e. OT,l\eJlbHbIX aanax. B KalKAbIH AaHHbIH MOMeHT BpeMeHH npoueccop Puc. 7. tlJopMam peeucmpa GDTR npo~eccopa ;&0286 MOlKeT HCnOJlb30BaTb TOJlbKO OAHy Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT. npOQeCCOP HMeeT ABa peracrpa, npenaaanaveanux AJIli aapecanaa acnonssyesnsx PeI'HCrp GOTR (pHC. 7) HMeCT AJIHHY 5 6am. Crapnrae 3 6aiiTa co.o,epuT 24-pas­ B HaCTOSllI\HH MOMeHT Ta6J1HQ GOT H LOT. Peracrp GOTR onacsrsaer pacnonoxe­ pJIJIHbIH <PHSHqecKHA anpec TaMHUhI GOT, MJIlI,I\IIIHe 2 6ama - AJIHHY m6Jm~ GOT, HHe H paaxep Ta6JlHQbI GOT, a peracrp LOTR cOAeplKHT CCbIJIKY aa HcnoJlb3YIOlI\Y­ YMeHIdDeHHYIO aa l. ,/l,JnnJa GQT, YMeHbmeHH811 H8~, H83b1BaeTClI npe.o,eJIOM IOCSI B HaCTOSllI\ee BpeMSI Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT. m6Juuv,r GOT (GOT limit). ORa HCnOJI~eTClI AJIlI npoBepKH npaBHmoH()CTH sanaaa­ Ha pHC. 6 noxasana YTOqHeHHaSi cxexa npeoepaaoaauas aapecos B 3alI\Hlli,eHHOM eMbIX nporpaMMOil: CeJIeXTOpoB. Ilene HH,lI;eKca cenexropa .o,OJIlJ[Ho·co.o,epllCan. CCWIKH pelKHMe. lh pacyaxa BHAHO, 'ITO peracrpu npoueccopa GOTR H LOTR onpenensior TOJIbKO aa cymecrayiontae 3JIeMOHTbl m6J1HQh1 GOT, B IIpOTHBHOM CJIy'Ule npoHsoil:­ pacnonoxeaae B naMSITH Ta6J1Hl\ COOTBeTCTBeHHO GOT H LOT. Ta6J1HQbI GOT H .o,CT npeplllBllHHe. 3HAll pasxep GOT, npoueccop 6JIOKHpYCTHcnMb30BaHBe Ce.lIeKTO­ LOT conepxar necxparrropu, onacusaroume CerMeHTbI naxsrra, B 3THX necxparrro­ pOB co 3R8qeHHlIMH nOJIJI BHAeKca, BblXO)J,llIQHMH sa paMKB paspemeaaax, AHanOI'H'l­ pax nOMHMO ,l\pyroH HH<popMaQHH (saurrpaxoaamtas 06J1aCTb) conepxarcs 24-pa3pll­ Hhlil: MexaHBsM HCnOJIb3YeTClI H AJIlI nposepxa cenexropos, CCbl.lIalOlI\BXClI aa LOT. AHbIH 6a30BbIH a,l\pec cerxeura, " Ilepea nepexoAoM B 3alI\HlI\CHHblil: pelll:HM nporpasoea AOJIlIl:~8 C03A8T1> B Onep8TH­ Crapnrae 13 6HTOB CeJIeKTOpa (HHAeKc) BbI6HpalOT 3J1eMeHT H3 Ta6J1Hl\b1 GOT WlH BHOt naMlITH m6nHllY GOT H sarpy3HT1> peracrp GOTR npH nOMOlI\H CneIUlllJlbHoil: LOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTOllHHlI 6HTa TI cenexropa. KONaHAH LOOT (CIIHTllItCKC TpaHcnJITOpa Turbo" Assembler, pelll:HM IDEAL>: H3BJ1eqeHHbIH H3 Ta6J1HQbl necsparrropos 6a30BbIH anpec cerxeara cxaanasaercs 19dt [QWORO gdt_ptrl npoueccopov AJIli nonyxeaas 24-pa3pSl,l\Horo <pH3HqeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 6). Ilepea BbI,l\aqeil: XOMaHJlbl LOOT gdt..ptr Re06x()J\HMo nqWOTOBHTI> 06JIaCTb naMll­ CeJleKTOp OOOOh aapecyer caMbIH nepnsra necxparrrop B rJl06aJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e nee­ ee TH C &ApeCOM gdt..ptr. 3aUHeaB B Hec 41HSHqecKHH anpec mMHIUi GDT H pasxep, xpanropos GOT. Ilone RPL AJIli aroro AeCKpHTITOpa paBHO 0, none TI TaK)I(e paBHO y!tieRl>meRHblH aa I (Ope,tle.II): O. CeJleKTOp 0OO8h YKa3bIBaeT na BTOPOH 3J1eMeHT ia6J1Hl\b1 GOT, a CeJleKTOp 0014h YKa3b1BaeT na TpeTHH necxpanrop B JlOKaJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e necxparrropos LOT, T. K. gdt_ptr dw GOT_LIMIT npe~en TaOnH~ GOT base 10 dw ? MnaAWee cnOBO Oa30Boro aApeca GOT none TI B HeM paBHO l. base::::hi dw ? CTapwee cnOBO Oa30Boro a~peca GOT "AHAIIOr-IIHt1JH" 16 3S/J4H/J4iiHHblHPS}/(HM npoueccopo« Intsl 80286/80388/80486. Oc06SHHOCTH SS/J4H/J4BHHOro PS}/(HMS npoueccope /80286 17.\ HecMOTPSI lUI TO qTO pasxep peracrpa GOTR COCTaBJISIeT 5 6aih, B xasecrse one­ Ip IDPL 1'1'.lc IRI" I I1oI1GAO"""'. e..c........ "OAtI 76043., 0 panna AJIII KOMaHAbl LGOT HCnOJlb3yeTCSI anpec 06.riaCTH naMSITH pa3MepOM 6 6aiT. I I l I I IwI" I 3Aecb HeT omH6KH, nponeccop i80286 HCnOJIb3yer TOJlbKO 5 6aiT H3 :noH 06J1aCTH, p DPL ' 0 D 11011. A""""'. c.r"....... AI'-'" T. K.. <PH3HqecKHH anpec cOAepltHT 24 paapsaa. Ilpotreccopu i80386 H 1.80486 B 32­ 76543.10 I I 1 I I pa3pllAHoM pellCHMe HcnOJlb3YlOT Bee 600mB, aarpyaas B 6-6aiiTHblH perscrp p DPL 0 "TYPE 11011 .. AO"""''' ","CT_OCO C."....."'A GOTR 32-6HTOBbIH 4>H3HqecKHH anpec T86J1HII,bI GOT H ee 16-6HTOBblH npeaea, 76543.10 CHaqBJIa Mbi n03H8KOMHM BaC co crpyK1ypoH Ta6JIHIJ,bI GOT (H COOTBeTCTBeHHO C PU£. 9. tPopMambl IIl1IlJI Oocmyna &clCpunmopa HAeHTHqHOH eH CTJlYKTYPOH T86J1HI1,bI LOT)" a 3areM aa npHMepe 4>parMeHTa npor­ Ilone .r:lOCTYna, 3aHHMaIOIII,ee B AecKpHnTOpe OAHH 6aitT (6aHT AOCTyna) , CJlYlI:HT paMMbI nOKall:eM, KaK C03AaTb T8MHIJ,y GOT H 3arpY3HTb peracrp GOTR.. AJISI KJlaccH4>HI:8IJ.HH AecKpHnTOpOB (pHc.9). • KaK MY YllCe roBOpHJIH, TaMUII,bI GOT H LOT npf,llCTaBJISIIOT co60H MaCCHBY Aec­ Ilone ll9crYna AecKpHDTOpa CerMeHTOB KOAa COAepllCHT 6HTOBDe nOJIe R, Ha3blB8e­ KpHnTOpOB - onacarenea CerMeHTOB (pHC. 8). Kpoae AecKpHnTOpoB, ODHCblBalO1I{HX Moe 6HT9M paspemenas qreHHSI cerxeara. Ec.nH 3TOT 6HTYCTaHOBJleH B 1, nporpasosa cerMeHTbl naMSlTH, Ta6J1HI1,8 GOT MOllCeT coaepxars cneuaansaae THnbl AeCKpHDTO­ MOllCeT CqJm,tBaTb cOAepll:Ht.fOe ceraesra KOAa. B· npOTHBHoM cnysae 'npoueccop MO­ pOB - BeHTHJIH Bbl30Ba (call gate), .3aJ\8q (task gate) H JIOBymeK (trap gate). BeHTHJIH OnpeAeJlSIIOT TOqKH BXOM B COOTBeTCTBylOJIlHe npoueAYpbl. BeHTHJlb 1Ib1­ lI:er TOJlbKa. BblDOJ!HKTb 3TOT KOA· Ilporpasesa H.e MOSeT MOAH4>HlJ.HpOSaTb CerMeHT KOM· :no 031U1q8~T HeB03MOllC­ 30Ba 3lWleT anpec nOAnpOrp8MMbI, Bbl3b1BaeMOH, HanpHMep: no KOM8HAe CALL. IIpJI HOCTb C03AaHHSI caMOIllOAH4>HIJ.HPYJOUJ;HXCSI nporpasee AJIII 3alll,HIII,!!'H.HOro pellCHM8 Bbl30Be nOADP0rp8MMl>1 xepes BeHTHJIb B Kaqecme onepaaaa MSI CALL Hcn<l.lIb3yeTCJI " (pacnpocrpaHeHH8S1, HO nopoxaaa npaxraxa cpeAH nporp8MMHCTOB, C03AalOIUHX npo­ cenexrop, BAPecylOIII,HH COOTBeTCTBYIOJIlHH AecKpHUTOp B T;lMHue GOT HJIU LOT. I I I rp8MMb1 AJISI MS-DOS). Brrposea, ecrs 06xoAHoH nyrs. AnSI cerxesra KOAa MOllCHO Pi 8e8le..p.,.. ~I...,. 6a_24. ,(u~.n ~_ ec it~'81m-" C03A8Tb e~ o~, 8JIHaCHblH AecKpHUTOp, B KOTOpOM 3TOT cerxesr OTMeqeH KaK cer­ .. J" )i « )i MeHT ABHHbIX. Ec.nH AJI; sroro ceraeara 6YAeT paspemeaa sanacs, HHqTO, KpOMe PU£. 8. l{eclCpunmop CeZMeHma a..s. npoueccopa ;&0286 3ApaBOro CMbICJIa, He nOMeW8eT BaM MOilH4>HIJ.HPOBaTb KOA nporpaMMbl BO BpeMSI ee BbinOJIReJDUI. BHT C Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM nOAqHHeHHSI, OH 6YAeT paCCMOTPeH B CJIeAY­ )l.nHB8 aecxparrropa COCTaBJIlIeT 8 6aitT. OH COCTOHT H3 CJIeAYIOIII,HX nOJleH: IOIII,eM P83AeJle. • 6asooozo aiJpeca AJIHHOH 24 6HTa, cOAepllCHT cPH3HqecKHH anpec cersresra, BHTbi P H A npeAHa3H8qeHbI AJISI OpraHH3aUHH BHPTYlIJlbHOil: naMSITH. Hx aasaaxe­ • ODHClIlBaeMoro MHHblM AecKpHUTOpOM; HHe6YAer onHC8HO IS pasnene, nocBSlIII,eHHOM BHPTY8JlbHOH naMSITH. CeAqac OTMeTHM, • npeiJeAa COAepllCHT paaxep cerxeara B ooitTax, YMeHbmeHHblHHa f,lIHHHIJ,y; lITO 61tT P.Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM npHcyTCTBHII cerxeara B naMSITH. )l;nSl rex cerMeHTOB, • iJocmylUl ODHCblBaeT THD cerxeara (censesrr KOM, cerxesr AaHHblX H AP.)~ xoropae HaXOASlTCSI B 4>HSHtrecKOil: nllMlITH (Mbi 6YAeM HMeTb AeJlO B OOHOBHOM C ra­ sapesepeupoeannoe nolle AJIHHOH 16 6HT AJISI nponeccopa i80286, AOJlll:HO co­ KHMH cenceJmlMH), :nOT 6HT AOJIlI:eH 6bITb ycraHOBJIeH B 1. JlI068S1 nonsrrxa npor­ Aepll:aTb HYJlH, OHO HcnOJlb3YeTCSI rrponeccopaxa i80386 H i80486 (TaM, B xac­ paMMbI 06P8THTbCll K c;erMeHTy IIllMSlTH, B .r:l~CKpHDTOpe KOTOPOro 6UT P ycraHOBJIeH B THOCTH, xpaHHTCSI crapnndi 6aih 32-pa3pSlAHoro 003OBOro aapeca cerxeera). 0, npHBeAh KnpepblBaHHIO. B 'peaJIbHOM pellCHMe Haq8JIO CerMeHT8 B nllMSITH onpenensercs cerMeHTHbIM ll,lij)e­ BRT A Hll3b1B8eTCSI 6HTOM 06pauxeHHSI K cerxeary H AJISI scex HamHX 'nporPaMM AO- COM, A/IlIBa cersseara COCTaWeT 64 K6aitTB. B 3aJIlHIII,eHHOMpell:HMe MOllCHO 3aM­ JIlI:eH 6bITbYCTBHOBJIeHB O. Ban. cerMeHTbl MeHbmero pasxepa (nponeccopa i80386 H i80486 AonyCKaIOT Taqte TIMe AOCTYIJa AecKpHIITopa cersseara AaHHbIX HMeeT 6HTOBbie nons, WHO. Ilone cyIIl,ecTBOBaHHe cerMeHTOB C paaxepox, 3HaqHTe./lbHO npeBblW8IOIII,HM 64 K6aiTa). W HS3b1BileTCll 6RTOM paspemeaaa sanaca B eersresr-,Ec.nH sror 6HT yCTBHOBJIeH B 1, TIpH :nOM nponeccop aBTOMa~ecKH OTCJIeJllHBaeT nOUblTKH nporpasoes 06paTHn.c,,, H8pSIAY t '1rreHHeM B03MOJl[Jla H sarracs B MHHblA cerxear. B npOTHBHOM CJIyqae npa sa npeAeJIbI cerxeara, 38,AllHHble B AecKpHIITOpe. IIpH 06HapYll:eHllH TaKOii: nOUblTKH nOIIbITKe 'lTeHHll BblDOJlHeHHe nporpllMMbI 6Y.r:leT npepsaao. BblDOJIHeHHe nporpasoea npepsrsaercs. IIMe 0 3aMeT nanpaazeaae pacmapeaas cerxeara. 06b1qRblil: cerMeHT MHHbIX' OrpaHlflIeHHe pasxepa cerMeHTOB H· KOHTpOJIb sa nOUblTKaMH BAJleCllUHH Il'aMSI'l1I pacmlipSleTCSI B olinaCTb CTBPWllX anpecoa (pacmapeaae saepx). Ec.nH'lI:e B cerxesre BHe npenenoa cerMeHTOB CHJlbHO noaamaer HBAeJllHOCTb CH-:TeMbi. IIporpaMM8 He Mo-­ pacnOllOSeH CTeK, pacWlIpeHHe npoHcxD~ B 06paTHOM HsnpaBJIeHHH - B 06Jl8CTb lICeT paapynnrrs qYXlle cerMeHTbl, B qaCTHOCTH cerMeHTbl onepanaoaaoa CHq'eMbi. MJIlIAWJIX 8JUlecOB (pacnmpeaae BHH3). )l.nll cerMeHTOB, B KOTOpbIX opraHH3yJOTClI IloAP06Hee 0 3aIIl,HTe MbI paCCK811CeM B CJIeAYIOIII,eM pasnene. CTeKH, ueo6xOAHMO YCTBHa~Tb none 0 paBHblM 1. )l.ecKPHnTOPbl CHCTeMHbIX CerMeHTOB conepxar nOJIe TYPE, onp~AeJlSlIOIII,ee THD • CHCTeMHOro cerxeara. B T86J1. 1 npaseneaa B03MOlKHhle ~SI sroro noJISI aaaseaas. "AHAROr-MHtPH"

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