Integrating Teaching, Learning, and Action Research: Enhancing Instruction in the K-12 Classroom PDF
Preview Integrating Teaching, Learning, and Action Research: Enhancing Instruction in the K-12 Classroom
Copyright©2010bySAGEPublications,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. Forinformation: SAGEPublications,Inc. SAGEPublicationsIndiaPvt.Ltd. 2455TellerRoad B1/I1MohanCooperativeIndustrialArea ThousandOaks,California91320 MathuraRoad,NewDelhi110044 E-mail:[email protected] India SAGEPublicationsLtd. SAGEPublicationsAsia-PacificPte.Ltd. 1Oliver’sYard 33PekinStreet#02-01 55CityRoad FarEastSquare LondonEC1Y1SP Singapore048763 UnitedKingdom PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Stringer,ErnestT. Integratingteaching,learning,andactionresearch:enhancinginstructionintheK–12 classroom/ErnestT.Stringer,LoisMcFadyenChristensen,SheliaC.Baldwin. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4129-3975-1(pbk.) 1. Actionresearchineducation. 2. Teaching. I. Christensen,LoisMcFadyen. II. Baldwin, SheliaC. III. Title. LB1028.24.S872009 370.72—dc22 2008041302 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AcquisitionsEditor: DianeMcDaniel EditorialAssistants: AshleyConlon,LeahMori ProductionEditor: BrittanyBauhaus CopyEditor: TeresaWilson Typesetter: C&MDigitals(P)Ltd. Proofreader: JeniferKooiman Indexer: DiggsPublicationServices CoverDesigner: BryanFishman MarketingManager: ChristyGuilbault Brief Contents Preface x Acknowledgments xiii 1. Action Research in Teaching and Learning 1 2. Learning Theory 15 3. Lesson Planning 31 4. Instruction: Facilitating Student Learning 63 5. Action Learning: Accomplishing Objectives, Outcomes, and Standards 91 6. Assessment and Evaluation 123 Appendix. Case Examples 141 References 175 Index 179 About the Authors 183 Detailed Contents Preface x Acknowledgments xiii 1. Action Research in Teaching and Learning 1 TheCraftofTeaching:Organizing andFacilitatingStudentLearning 3 TheComplexitiesofTeachingandLearning 4 StudentCharacteristicsandCapabilities 4 WhatIstoBeLearned:DomainsofKnowledge 6 ActionResearchinTeaching 7 ActionLearningForStudents 9 ActionResearchandActionLearning:ParallelProcesses 10 ApplyingActionResearchtoPhasesofInstruction 12 Conclusion 13 LearningResources 13 Reflection 13 WebSites 14 AdditionalReading 14 2. Learning Theory 15 CognitiveandDevelopmentalTheories 18 SocialLearningTheory 21 InquiryLearning 22 PostmodernPerspectives 23 CriticalTheory 24 Conclusion 26 LearningResources 27 Reflection 27 WebSites 27 AdditionalReading 28 TeachingStandards:INTASCPrinciples 29 3. Lesson Planning 31 PreparingaUnitofStudy(Lesson) 33 Look:FocusingandReviewing 33 Think:SelectingandOrganizing 35 Act:WritingaLessonPlan 37 PlanningDirectInstructionLessons 37 ElementsofDirectInstruction 39 PhasesofInstruction 39 CaseExample3.1:APublicSpeakingLesson(I) 43 PlanningInquiryLearningLessons 48 CaseExample3.2:TheArtworkofJacobLawrence 54 Conclusion 60 LearningResources 60 Reflection 60 WebSites 61 AdditionalReading 61 4. Instruction: Facilitating Student Learning 63 AccomplishingEffectiveInstruction 64 ConditionsofLearning(1):StudentEngagement 64 ConditionsofLearning(2):PriorKnowledge— WhatStudentsKnowandCanDo 67 ContentoftheCurriculum:DomainsofKnowledge 71 UsingActionLearningtoAccomplish DiverseLearningOutcomes 77 UsingActionResearchtoEnhanceInstruction 78 Instruction:ObservingandAssessingStudentLearning 79 LOOK:ObservingStudentActivity, Performance,andBehavior 80 THINK:AssessingStudentPerformanceorBehavior 81 ACT:AffirmingandRemediating 82 CaseExample4.1:PublicSpeaking(II)— ADirectInstructionLesson 83 Conclusion 87 LearningResources 88 Reflection 88 WebSites 88 AdditionalReading 89 5. Action Learning: Accomplishing Objectives, Outcomes, and Standards 91 ActionLearning:StudentProcessesofInquiry 92 ChildrenandLearning 93 ActionLearning:ProcessesofInquiryandInvestigation 95 Look:FocusingandGatheringInformation 95 Focusing 96 GatheringInformation 96 ProceduresforInterviews,Observations,andSurveys 98 Think:ReflectionandAnalysis 105 Analysis:SelectingImportant,Significant,orInteresting PiecesofInformation 105 Synthesis:OrganizingaSystemofCategories 106 Act:Reporting,Presenting,andPerforming 108 OutlinesandScripts 111 CaseExample5.1:CivilRights 113 Conclusion 120 LearningResources 120 Reflection 120 WebSites 121 AdditionalReading 121 6. Assessment and Evaluation 123 AssessmentandTeaching 124 AssessmentandActionResearch 125 LinkingStudentPerformanceandStateStandards 127 Intent 127 NationalStandards 128 StateStandards 129 ClassroomAssessment 129 FormativeandSummativeAssessment 130 Evaluation 133 AnAssessmentProcess:Outcomes>Standards>Learning Activities>AssessmentTasks 134 EvaluationofaDirectInstructionLesson 134 EvaluationofanInquiryLearningLesson 136 Exploration 136 Development 136 Expansion 137 Conclusion 137 LearningResources 138 Reflection 138 WebSites 138 AdditionalReading 139 Appendix. Case Examples 141 CCAASSEEEEXXAAMMPPLLEEAA..11:: AA LLEESSSSOONNOONNSSEEAALLIIFFEE 114411 Alabama State Course of Study Standards: Sea Life Lesson 149 Teacher Reflection: Evaluation 152 CCAASSEEEEXXAAMMPPLLEEAA..22:: CCOOMMMMUUNNIITTYYLLIIFFEE——AA CCOOMMMMEERRCCIIAALLPPRROOJJEECCTT 115544 Reflections on the Lesson 158 New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards, Grades 5 and 7: Commercial Lesson 161 CCAASSEEEEXXAAMMPPLLEEAA..33:: EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALLDDEECCIISSIIOONN MMAAKKIINNGG 116644 Reflections on the Lesson 169 New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards: Environmental Decision Making Lesson 172 References 175 Index 179 About the Authors 183
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