Integrated Water Resource Planning: Achieving Sustainable Outcomes

277 Pages·2014·2.77 MB·English

by  Claudia Baldwin, Mark Hamstead

Integrated Water Resource Planning
Integrated Water Resource Planning provides practical, evidence-based guidance
on water resource planning. In a time of heightened awareness of ecosystem
needs, climate change, and increasing and conflicting demands on resources,
water professionals and decision-makers around the world are on a steep
learning curve. This book presents an international examination of water
reform experiences, and provides lessons in how to manage environmental
uncertainties, long term management, and increase in demand. It breaks the
process down into a series of common steps, applies programme logic and
evaluation theory, and discusses best practices in assessment, decision making
and community engagement. Importantly, it recognizes the large variation
in available knowledge and capacity, risk and scale, and discusses a range of
approaches that can be used for different circumstances.
The book will fill in the gaps for professionals in interdisciplinary teams
including sociologists, hydrologists, engineers, ecologists, and community
consultation specialists, by providing a basic grounding in areas outside their
usual expertise, and will provide ammunition to community stakeholders
in their quest to ensure that water planning outcomes are justified and
justifiable.
Case studies provide an understanding of the context, practical tools
and implementation techniques for achieving sustainable outcomes, and
the multi-disciplinary approach and insights offered in this book will be
transposable and instructive for water professionals worldwide.
Claudia Baldwin lectures in regional and urban planning at the University
of Sunshine Coast, researching in social, institutional issues, governance
and collaborative processes in water, coastal and land-use planning and
management. Where possible, she uses interactive and visual research
techniques. She has more than 30 years’ experience in policy, planning and
management positions in the Queensland government, Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority, and as a consultant overseas and in Australia.
Mark Hamstead is a respected water resource policy and management
specialist with 29 years’ experience. He provides advice and analysis to
government agencies and the private sector. His areas of expertise include
water policy and legislation, water planning and management, water entitle-
ments, water trading, water accounting, water resource assessment and water
usage metering and monitoring. In recent years Mark has prepared, or been
a major contributor to, a range of reports for Australian water authorities
including such things as water planning, water trading and managing water
for environmental outcomes. Prior to becoming a consultant in 2005 Mark
worked for many years in government water agencies in Australia.
Integrated Water Resource
Planning
Achieving sustainable outcomes
Claudia Baldwin and Mark Hamstead
First published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 Claudia Baldwin and Mark Hamstead
The right of Claudia Baldwin and Mark Hamstead to be identified as authors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78
of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without
intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Baldwin, Claudia (Claudia Lilian)
Integrated water resource planning : achieving sustainable outcomes /
Claudia Baldwin and Mark Hamstead.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Water resources development--Planning. 2. Water-supply--Planning.
3. Water quality management. I. Hamstead, Mark. II. Title.
HD1691.B355 2014
333.91--dc23
2014004585
ISBN13: 978-0-415-83548-0 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-1-315-77181-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Garamond by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham,
Norfolk NR21 8NN
Contents
List of figures vi
List of tables ix
List of boxes xi
List of acronyms xiii
Foreword xiv
1 Introduction 1
2 Guiding principles 17
3 The planning framework 56
4 Consultation and collaboration 73
5 Situational analysis 105
6 Objectives and logic 136
7 Management options 145
8 Comparative assessment 171
9 Monitoring and evaluation 199
10 Conclusion 216
Bibliography 221
Appendix 235
Index 241
List of figures
2.1 International river basins with agreements 26
2.2 River basins in the European Union 35
2.3 Australian states 40
2.4 Australian inter-jurisdictional arrangements 47
2.5 Water Management Areas in South Africa 51
3.1 Steps of planning process 58
3.2 Generic logic model 67
3.3 Example chain of outcomes 67
3.4 Mapping of results hierarchy into logic model 68
3.5 Generic logic model for environmental water management in
Australia 68
3.6 Common logic model for evaluation of NSW, Australia, water
sharing plans 70
4.1 IAP2 public participation spectrum 87
5.1 Linking water resources to benefits via services 107
5.2 Examples of elements of an ecosystem services framework 108
5.3 Simple groundwater resource conceptual model 111
5.4 Simple river water resource conceptual model 111
5.7 Future inflow scenarios used in developing the Northern
Victoria, Australia, Sustainable Water Strategy 116
5.8 Future water availability scenarios used in developing the
Northern Victoria, Australia, Sustainable Water Strategy 117
5.9 River health indicator under different future climate scenarios
used in developing the Northern Victoria, Australia,
Sustainable Water Strategy 117
5.10 Water demand projections, Phoenix Active Management
Area, Arizona, USA 120
5.11 Community sensitivity to water availability index, Burnett
River, Queensland, Australia 122
7.1 Northern Region Sustainable Water Strategy, Victoria, Australia 155
7.2 Burnett plan area, Queensland, Australia 157
7.3 Volumes of allocation and entitlement trades in the southern
Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, 1983–84 to 2009–10 166
List of figures vii
7.4 Water allocation sales as a percentage of water allocated in the
southern Murray Darling Basin, Australia, 1998–99 to
2009–10 166
9.3 Example chain of action/output/objective 212
List of plate figures
1.1 Small water harvesting dam (‘sand dam’) in Tana River
catchment, Kenya P1
1.2 Sustainable rice intensification, near Lake Victoria, Kenya
– the system increases productivity with fewer inputs
(water, seed fertiliser) and more widely spaced plantings
(Uphoff 2003) P1
1.3 Efficient irrigation, Lockyer Valley, Queensland, Australia P2
1.4 Rainwater harvesting from school roof for greenhouse, Tana
River catchment, Kenya P2
1.5 Mangroves stabilise Bells Creek bank, Australia P3
1.6 Hippos in Mara River, Kenya waterhole P3
1.7 Blue-green algae bloom, Murray-Darling Basin, Australia P4
1.8 Eden Mills Millpond, Ontario, Canada – sluggish summer
flow in Grand River tributary from mill weir P4
1.9 Dry watercourse in Lower Balonne catchment, Australia,
during drought P5
1.10 March St, town of Peebles, Scotland, UK during flood from
Eddleston Water 2012 P5
1.11 March St, town of Peebles, Scotland, UK after flood from
Eddleston Water 2012 P6
1.12 Field day illustrating sustainable rice intensification, near
Lake Victoria, Kenya P6
4.2 3D visualisation of Condamine Valley in southeast
Queensland, Australia, using GVS software, showing land use
and alluvial groundwater levels in metres P7
4.3 3D physical groundwater model P7
4.4 Community consultation issues flagged on map, Managing
Borderlands project, UK P8
4.5 Women in an impoverished community in Indonesia learning
how to treat their drinking water P8
5.5 River system static water balance conceptual model for the
Namoi River in Australia, with actual quantities for 2012–13 P9
5.6 Groundwater resource static water balance conceptual model
Wesley Vale, Tasmania, Australia, estimated long-term
average quantities P10
5.12 Risk of extraction to instream value: Hunter River Basin,
NSW Australia P11
viii List of figures
7.5 Trial to slow water flow in small creeks, River Tweed
catchment, Scotland, UK P11
7.6 Monitoring groundwater levels by University of Dundee to
determine impact of meander interventions, River Tweed
catchment, Scotland, UK P12
8.1 Burnett, Queensland, Australia, ‘traffic lights’ diagrams P12
8.2 Sample of summary table from Central SWS (Victoria,
Australia) ‘sustainability’ assessment P13
8.3 Sample of detail report from Central SWS ‘sustainability’
assessment P14
9.1 Instream structure to improve accuracy of low flow
monitoring, urban stream in Sydney, Australia P15
9.2 South East Queensland, Australia, Ecosystem Health
Monitoring Program results 2006–07 P16
List of tables
2.1 International conventions and agreements 22
2.2 Subregional and transboundary agreements 27
2.3 Strategic national water policy and legislation – Australia 41
2.4 Comparison of the purposes of Queensland and New South
Wales water legislation 44
3.1 Logical Framework Approach matrix 66
3.2 Extract from tabular logic model in the Water Allocation Plan
for the Tindall Limestone Aquifer, Katherine, NT, Australia,
2009–19 69
3.3 Logic framework and terminology used in this book 72
4.1 Stakeholder analysis table 85
4.2 Stakeholder collaboration–conflict table 85
4.3 Possible community engagement plan for water resource
planning 96
4.4 Responses to arguments against community engagement 99
6.1 Detailed articulation of objectives and outputs 142
6.2 Population of logic framework after setting objectives step 144
7.1 Options considered in developing the Northern Victorian
Sustainable Water Strategy 156
7.2 Options considered in developing the Burnett Water Resource
Plan 158
7.3 Actions in the Padthaway Prescribed Wells Area Water
Allocation Plan 2000 159
7.4 Actions in the Padthaway Prescribed Wells Area Water
Allocation Plan 2009 160
8.1 Impact of proposed environmental flows on water availability,
River Clyde Water Management Plan, 2005, Tasmania, Australia 181
8.2 Impact of cease-to-take rule on access to water, River Clyde
Water Management Plan, Tasmania, Australia 181
8.3 Impact on reliability of supply from proposed change to the
seasonal allocation policy in the Goulburn system 182
8.4 Environmental outcomes for a river reach and required flow
components 183