Integrated transport and land use planning : the facts, fiction, fallacies and future of the government's integrated transport and land use planning strategies-- plus answers to a good few mysteries PDF
Preview Integrated transport and land use planning : the facts, fiction, fallacies and future of the government's integrated transport and land use planning strategies-- plus answers to a good few mysteries
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Integrated transport and land use planning The facts, fiction, fallacies and future of the Government’s integrated transport and land use planning strategies … plus answers to a good few mysteries Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen PublishedfortheConstructionIndustryCouncilbyThomasTelfordPublishing,ThomasTelfordLtd, 1HeronQuay,LondonE144JD URL:http://www.thomastelford.com DistributorsforThomasTelfordbooksare USA:ASCEPress,1801AlexanderBellDrive,Reston,VA20191-4400 Japan:MaruzenCo.Ltd,BookDepartment,3–10Nihonbashi2-chome,Chuo-ku,Tokyo103 Australia:DABooksandJournals,648WhitehorseRoad,Mitcham3132,Victoria Firstpublished2002 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:0727731270 ©ConstructionIndustryCouncil2002 Allrights,includingtranslation,reserved.ExceptaspermittedbytheCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemor transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopyingorotherwise, withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublishingDirector,ThomasTelfordPublishing,Thomas TelfordLtd,1HeronQuay,LondonE144JD Thisbookispublishedontheunderstandingthattheauthorissolelyresponsibleforthestatements madeandopinionsexpressedinitandthatitspublicationdoesnotnecessarilyimplythatsuch statementsand/oropinionsareorreflecttheviewsoropinionsofthepublishers.Whileeveryeffort hasbeenmadetoensurethatthestatementsmadeandtheopinionsexpressedinthispublication provideasafeandaccurateguide,noliabilityorresponsibilitycanbeacceptedinthisrespectby theauthororpublishers TypesetbyHelius,BrightonandRochester PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyHobbsthePrinter,Totton,Hampshire Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Integrated transport and the 10 Year Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Understanding the issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mysteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Land use planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Understanding the issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Mysteries and myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Miracles and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 An overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Appendix: Yes Minister – a plot summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Topic index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 iii Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Foreword OneofthecentralpurposesoftheConstructionIndustryCouncil(CIC)istoalign theviewsanddiversecontributionsofthewiderangingprofessionalbodiesofthe industry–architects,builders,engineers,landscapearchitects,planners,project managers,researchinstitutes,surveyors,transportplannersandmanyothers.In thisway,theCICcanhelptocreateabetterqualityofbuiltenvironment. Inthismission,therecanbenomoreimportanttopiccurrentlythanthatwe,the inhabitantsoftheUK,areableseriouslytodebate,onthebasisofthefactual evidence,whatmustbedone(andisbeingdone)toimprovetheconnectivityof ourtransportationnetworksandtheirrelationtolandusepatterns. Withoutcontinuousimprovementthroughfocusedinvestment,theUK’soutdated transportationsystemdevoidofproperconnectivitybothbetweenitsindividual componentsandwiththespatiallandusepatternsitserves,willinhibitregional andnationalprosperity.Thusthequalityoflifetobeenjoyedbyallinhabitantswill suffer. Tomakerealprogressonthisdifficultcomplexissueitisnecessarytotrytoliftthe debateaboverhetoricandfashion,awayfrompartypolitics,inordertoconcentrate onthebigpictureandlongertimehorizons. Accordingly,theCICdecidedtobuildontheinitiativesoftheUrbanRenaissance TaskGroupofLordRogersandtheUrbanandRuralWhitePapersbysettingupa widelybasedworkingpanelcomprisedofleadingexpertsinplanningandlanduse, transportationplanning,architecture,urbandesignandpropertydevelopment,civil andenvironmentalengineering,andmunicipalandruralaffairs. Theresultisthiscarefullycompiledreportresearchedonamultidisciplinarybasis. Theprincipalaimistocontributeclaritytothenational,regionalandlocaldebate amongpoliticiansandlaypersonsalike. Thereporthasbeenwrittenasaconversationpiecetopromptwiderdiscussion anddebate.Whilstfrankandcriticalattimesisitisalsostronglypractical,being concernedtoencouragefocusedactionandinvestment(ofinevitablylimited resources)togreatesteffect. v Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING Forthefirsttime,theUKhasa10yearplanfortransportwhichisinitselfvery significant.However,thisisnotyetlinkedtoa20+yearplanfornationaland regionalspatialredistributionofeconomicdevelopmentandlanduseplanning,yet thetwoarecomplementary,andgreaterintegration/co-ordinationbetweenthem wouldbringlong-termbenefitsbycontributingtoachangeofattitudetowards travelandthroughmoreeffectiveandprudentinvestmentofthenation’slimited resources.Meanwhile,thereisadangerthatwethepublicarebeingencouraged toexpecttoomuchfromcurrentstrategies. OnbehalfofCIC,Ihopethispublicationwillpromptinformeddebateandargument– passioneven–andleadtochangesbeingmadetocurrentthinkingandstrategies andsoassistinsolvingourcountry’sserioustransportandlanduseproblems. MygreatthankstoDavidGreenforchairingandchampioningthisreportandfor thetime,intellectandexperiencegenerouslycontributedbyallpanelmemberstoits roundedcontent. MichaelDicksonFREng ChairmanoftheConstructionIndustryCouncil vi Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Acknowledgements Name Representing/role Company/authority DavidGreen ChairmanandAuthor ConsultingMunicipalandCivil Engineer DavidBaylissOBE InstitutionofCivilEngineers(ICE) HalcrowFox RichardDavies ConstructionIndustryResearchand MottMacDonald InformationAssociation(CIRIA) JohnDean TownPlanningConsultant MichaelDickson ConstructionIndustryCouncil(CIC), BuroHappold ofwhichheisChairman JohnEkinsOBE ICE HampshireCountyCouncil ChrisFerrary RoyalTownPlanningInstitute(RTPI) EnvirosAspinwall (nowwithSteerDaviesGleave) PeterHine RTPI SymondsGroup RogerKent TheLandscapeInstitute Mouchel YiannisKoutsikidis CIC PolicyDevelopment,CIC LilliMatson CouncilfortheProtectionofRural CPRE (uptoJune2001) England(CPRE) JohnOldham CountrysidePropertiesplc StephenPalmer InstituteofHighwayIncorporated TransportforLondon Engineers HelenRichardson TransportationPlanner BuroHappold HarleySherlock RoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects AndrewsSherlockandPartners (RIBA) NicholasSpencer SecretarytotheCICWorkingParty PolicyDevelopment,CIC RobertUpton RTPI SecretaryGeneral,RTPI LornaWalker DeputyChairmanandUrbanTask OveArupandPartners ForceMember GrahamWatts CIC ChiefExecutive,CIC A.N.Other (KnownwelltotheWorkingParty butregrettablyunabletoadmithis involvement,butnotforgotten!) vii Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:54 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING IamgreatlyindebtedtoallthemembersofthePanelfortheirinput,advice,good- naturedargumentandgoodhumour,andfortheirforbearancewithmyoccasional lackofunderstandingandidiosyncrasies.Thattheyweresowillingtogivesomuch timeandthoughttotheseissuesdoesthemandtheircompanies/organisations muchcredit.IparticularlywishtothankDavidBayliss,HarleySherlock,A.N.Other (whomustremainnameless!),JohnOldham,JohnDeanandRobertUptonfor supportwellbeyondthecallofduty.IamgratefultooforthehelpaffordedbyNick SpencerasSecretarytothePanelandhisdiplomaticskillsinkeepingmeatit.Finally, manythankstoMichaelDicksonandGrahamWattsforinvitingandencouraging metochairthePanelandwritethis‘conversation’,whichhasbeenintellectually stimulatingandarealprivilegeandpleasure. Thephotographsonpages37and42arereproducedbycourtesyofCountryside Properties.ThephotographofthelatePaulEddingtononpage98isreproducedby courtesyofPatriciaEddingtonandInternationalCreativeManagement.TheMatt cartoonsarereproducedbypermissionoftheTelegraphGroupLtd.Theadvertson pages52and54arereproducedbycourtesyofPioneerandBASF,respectively. DavidGreenFREng,FICE ChairmanofandAuthortothePanel viii Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:55 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Preface Transportisnowhighonthepoliticalagenda.Pastcomplacencybyallpolitical partieshasturnedtocommitment.Promisesarebeingmade,andifimprovements aren’tdeliveredbythetimeofthenextelection,notonlywillsomeheadsrollbut itseemsthebalanceofpowerinParliamentwillchange.Thepublicnowwant improvements–theydemandthem–whetherit’sontherailways,ontheroadsor onthebuses.Theyarefedupwithtalkanddogmaandaboutjamtomorrow:they wantactionnowandtoseeanendtojamstoday.Thebandyingaboutofbillionsof poundsofexpenditurenolongercutsanyicewiththepublicanddoesn’tseemto becuttingcongestionordelaysforpassengersorfreight.Theywanttoseeand experiencerealtangiblepracticalbenefits. Andbecausetransportissomethingthateveryoneisdependenton,everyone experiences,everyonehasviewsaboutit–theiropinionsbeingcolouredandtheir demandsinfluencedbywhattheysuffereachandeveryday.Everyonecanseefor themselveswhattheproblemsare:ontheroads,onthebuses,ontherails,onthe streets.Thefactsspeak. AndGovernment,knowingthefacts,seeingthedissatisfaction,saysthatithasthe answersanditwillallbebetter.Soon.Allisundercontrol.Justbepatient–alittle longer–anditwillbesorted. Butwhatifthefactsaremisunderstood?Whatiffactisfiction?Whatiftheanswers arewrong?Whatthen?Whatpricethepromises,thepoliticalfall-out? Well,webelievethatsomeoftheso-calledfactsarefiction.Thatsomeofthe answersarewrong;thatsomeofthefactsaremisunderstood;andthatsome ofthereasoningunderpinningthepresentstrategyisfaulty.Ifwe’reright–and wethinkweare,providingchapterandverseherein–thentheoutcomeswillbe serious,politically,socially,economicallyandnationally.Worsestill,valuabletime andresourceswillhavebeenwastedwhilsttheproblemsgetworseandsolutions Badnewshasabadeffect. Falsegoodnewshasaworseeffect. ix Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:55 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING evenhardertofind.Wethereforefeelwemustspeakup.Wehavenoaxetogrind, nothingtogainbyputtingourheadsabovetheparapet,andarenotpeddlingsome vestedinterests.Weare,wehope,beingobjectiveandunbiased. Thereareseveralreasonsbehindtheproblem.Theyinclude: m Muchmisunderstandingandconfusionabout: – Someofthetermsused–evenintegratedtransportandlanduse planning,theveryrocksonwhichtheGovernment’stransportstrategy (the‘10YearPlan’)isbuilt,aswellascongestion,oneofthemain problemstobetackled. – Whatcanandcannotbeachievedthroughimprovedpublictransport. – Whatthepublic’srealpreferences,wishesandintentionsare. m Over-optimismandunrealisticexpectationsofwhatthecurrentstrategycan achieve. m Toosmallavisionandtoolittleimaginationofhowmuchbetteritallcouldand shouldbe. m Lackofmeaningfulandmonitorabletargets,meaningthestrategycannotbe properlymanagedorthepubliceverknowwhetherornotit’ssucceedingor failing. m Toolittleenthusiasmformakingsomething–anything–happen. Thereforeweseekhereintoblowawaysomeoftheconfusion,explainsomeofthe mysteries,explodesomeofthemythsanddistinguishbetweenfact,fictionand fantasy. And‘we’arearangeofseniorprofessionals–allmoversandshapersinour respectivefieldshavingtherespectofourcolleagues–allconcernedwithsome aspectoftransportationand/orlanduseplanninginourwork-a-dayworlds. Individuallyratherthancollectivelyweareresponsiblefromtimetotimeforadvising centralorlocalgovernment,industryorbusinessonrelatedmattersormaking decisionsaboutinvestmentininfrastructureornewdevelopments.Weinclude architects(buildingandlandscape),housingandpropertydevelopers,civilengineers, surveyors,transportationplanners,environmentalexpertsandresearchers.Our backgroundsarevaried–thepublicandprivatesectorsaswellasacademiaand researchinstitutes;clients,consultantsanddevelopers;andallhuesofpolitical persuasion.Weareoccasionallyonopposingsides!Herein,wehavebeendirect– sometimescontentious–tomakeourpointsclearly;werecognisethatonoccasion thismayhaveledtosomeoversimplification.Whereso,weseekyourindulgence. Andwedon’tallagreeoneverythingherein–norwillnodoubtallthemembersof thevariousbodiesrepresented!Eachofushavehadtobiteourtonguesonoccasion andcompromisealittletohelpachieveourover-ridingcommonaim:tobetter informgovernment–centralandlocal–Parliament,industry,theprofessionsand thegeneralpublic–aboutwhatintegratedtransportandlanduseplanningcan andcannotachieve,sohelpingtoensurethatsensibledecisionsaretakenforthe long-termbenefitoftheUK.Wethereforeseektogiveclear,practicaland(wethink) affordableandtimelyadviceastothewayforward.But,contrarytowhatsome wouldhaveusandthepublicbelieve–therearenoquickfixes,althoughwithreal Governmentcommitment,somecould–andshould–bemademuchquicker! Thusthetitle,TheFacts,Fiction,FallaciesandFuture…. x Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:55 Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen PREFACE Ourreport m iswritteninformallythatitmightinformmanypeople m issuccinctthatitmightberead m isfrankthatitmightawakeninterestandconcern m ispracticalthatitmightleadtoaction m isconversationalthatitmightpromptwidediscussionanddebate. xi Thomas Telford (Green) 26 April 2002 17:10:55
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