Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process: Volume 1 PDF
Preview Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process: Volume 1
Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process · Rajinder Peshin Ashok K. Dhawan Editors Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process Volume 1 123 Editors RajinderPeshin AshokK.Dhawan Sher-e-Kashmir PunjabAgriculturalUniversity UniversityofAgriculturalSciences DepartmentofEntomology andTechnologyofJammu Ludhiana-141004 DivisionofAgriculturalExtensionEducation India FOAChatha [email protected] Jammu-180009 India [email protected] Coverphotocredits: Thefungalpathogen,Hirsutellasp.,infectingthearmyworm,Spodopteralitura(Fabricius).Thisfungus, alongwithotherpathogensareimportantregulatingagentsisarmywormpopulations(Courtesy:Photo byG.R.Carner,ClemsonUniversity,Clemson,SouthCarolina,USA). LarvaeoftheparasiticwaspCotesiacongregata(Say)(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)emergingfrom,and spinningcoccoonsonthebackofatobaccohornworm,Manducasexta(L.)(Lepidoptera:Sphingidae). (Courtesy:PhotobyLisaForehand,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,USA). ISBN:978-1-4020-8991-6 e-ISBN:978-1-4020-8992-3 DOI10.1007/978-1-4020-8992-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008935028 (cid:2)c SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2009 Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recording orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexception ofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingentered andexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Printedonacid-freepaper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Forour teachers,farmersand colleagues Preface Thebook‘SilentSpring’writtenbyRachelCarsonin1962,isconsideredtheland- markinchangingtheattitudeofthescientistsandthegeneralpublicregardingthe completerelianceonthesyntheticpesticidesforcontrollingtheravagescausedby thepestsinagriculturecrops.Foraboutfivedecades,theIntegratedPestManage- ment(IPM)istheacceptedstrategyformanagingcroppests.IPMwaspracticedin Can˜eteValley,Peruin1950s,evenbeforethetermIPMwascoined.IntegratedPest management:Innovation-DevelopmentProcess,Volume1,focusesontherecogni- tionofthe dysfunctionalconsequencesofthe pesticideuse in agriculture,through researchanddevelopmentoftheIntegratedPestManagementinnovations.Thebook aims to update the information on the global scenario of IPM with respect to the use of pesticides, its dysfunctional consequences, and the concepts and advance- ments made in IPM systems. This book is intended as a text as well as reference material for use in teaching the advancements made in IPM. The book provides aninterdisciplinaryperspectiveofIPMbytheforty-threeexpertsfromthefieldof entomology, plant pathology, plant breeding, plant physiology, biochemistry, and extensioneducation. The introductory chapter (Chapter 1) gives an overview of IPM initiatives in thedevelopedanddevelopingcountriesfromAsia,Africa,Australia,Europe,Latin America and North America. IPM concepts, opportunitiesand challengesare dis- cussedinChapter2.Theworldpesticideuse,theenvironmentalandeconomicex- ternalitiesofpesticideuseinagriculture,withcasestudiesfromtheUSAandIndia are coveredin the nextthree chapters(Chapters 3, 4 and 5). The brief accountof theadvancesininsectpests,diseasepestsandplantparasiticnematodesisgivenin Chapter6.Cropplantmanipulationtoaffectthepeststhroughhostplantresistance andtransgeniccropsiscoveredinChapters7and8.Contentareaonbiologicalcon- trolandenvironmentalmanipulationtomanagepestsisthethemeoftheChapters9 and 10. The behaviormodifyingstrategies in response to externalstimuli for pest managementare detailed in Chapter 11. The pesticides metabolized from botani- cals, one of the first known pesticides, is covered in subsequent Chapter 12. The insect pest outbreaks and field level epidemiological issues of plant diseases and theirmanagementhavebeencoveredinChapters13and14.Chapter15coversthe conceptsandprinciplesofintegrateddisease managementofbacterial,fungaland viral diseases. The yield losses caused by insect pests are variable and dynamic. vii viii Preface Themethodsto measureyieldlosseswith theexampleofricecroparecoveredin Chapter 16. Cotton pest managementhas been a challenging task the world over, the historical perspective, components of cotton IPM program, insecticide resis- tancemanagementandtransgeniccottonisthefocusofChapter17.Non-pesticide pestmanagement,realityormyth-theexperiencesareanalysedinChapter18.IPM systemsforvegetableandfruitcrops,theirunderlyingconcepts,advancementsand implementation are covered in detail in the last three chapters (Chapters 19, 20 and21). IPM isa componentofsustainableagricultureproduction,andwasin voguein agriculturebeforetheintroductionofsyntheticpesticides.Therenewedeffortsare needed for the adoption of IPM by the end users. The farmers who did not fall in the pesticide trap in 1950sand 1960swere labeled as laggards,and, to use the wordsofE.M.Rogers(2003)–hadthelastlaughatplantprotectionscientistsand extensionworkers.Duecareshouldbetakenwithrespecttoeuphoriageneratedby theintroductionoftransgeniccropsinagriculturewhichmaymakeuscomplacent as was the case after the introduction of DDT, lest we are caught into ‘pesticide cum transgenic treadmill’. There is no permanent, normalprofessionalism,which canadoptforlife,andespeciallynotwithcomplexinteractivemanagementsystems likeIPM(RobertChambers).IPM-innovation-developmentprocessisdynamic,and is incomplete without the participatory development of farmers’ compatible IPM systemsanditsadoptionbytheenduserstoitsconsequencesinagricultureproduc- tion system. Volume 2, Integrated Pest Management: Dissemination and Impact, analyses the success and failures of this aspect of IPM Innovation-Development process. We are grateful and indebted to the contributing authors for their cooperation andguidanceincompilingthebook.Wearealsogratefultothereviewersfortheir commentsonthebookchapters.Thebookprovidesaninvaluableresourcematerial to graduate students, teachers, scientists working in the dynamic field of IPM in particularandagricultureingeneral. Jammu,India RajinderPeshin Ludhiana,India AshokK.Dhawan Contents 1 IntegratedPest Management:A GlobalOverview of History, ProgramsandAdoption ........................................ 1 RajinderPeshin,RakeshS. Bandral,WenJunZhang,LewisWilson andAshokK.Dhawan 2 IntegratedPestManagement:Concept,OpportunitiesandChallenges 51 AshokK.DhawanandRajinderPeshin 3 PesticidesandPestControl...................................... 83 DavidPimentel 4 EnvironmentalandEconomicCostsoftheApplicationofPesticides PrimarilyintheUnitedStates ................................... 89 DavidPimentel 5 EconomicandEcologicalExternalitiesofPesticideUseinIndia .....113 P.K.ShettyandMariumSabitha 6 Advancesin CropProtectionPracticesforthe Environmental SustainabilityofCroppingSystems...............................131 W.G.DilanthaFernando,RajeshRamarathnamandS.Nakkeeran 7 KeystotheIncreasedUseofHostPlantResistanceinIntegrated PestManagement ..............................................163 MichaelStoutandJeffreyDavis 8 BiotechnologicalInterventionsinHostPlantResistance ............183 AdityaPratapandS.K.Gupta 9 BiologicalControlandIntegratedPestManagement ...............207 DavidOrr ix x Contents 10 ConventionalandNewBiologicalandHabitatInterventionsfor IntegratedPestManagementSystems:ReviewandCaseStudies usingEldanasaccharinaWalker(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) ..........241 D.E.ConlongandR.S.Rutherford 11 Behavior-ModifyingStrategiesinIPM:TheoryandPractice ........263 CesarR.Rodriguez-SaonaandLukaszL.Stelinski 12 Botanicals in Pest Management: Current Status and Future Perspectives ...................................................317 SanjayGuleriaandA.K.Tiku 13 InsectOutbreaksandTheirManagement.........................331 T.V.K.SinghandJ.Satyanarayana 14 Plant Disease Epidemiology and Disease Management – Has ScienceHadanImpactonPractice?..............................351 GregoryA.Forbes,EduardoS.G.MizubutiandDaniShtienberg 15 IntegratedDiseaseManagement:ConceptsandPractices...........369 V.K.RazdanandSachinGupta 16 WhenIsaRiceInsectaPest:YieldLossandtheGreenRevolution ..391 JamesA.Litsinger 17 ChangingTrendsinCottonPestManagement .....................499 K.R.KranthiandD.A.Russell 18 NonPesticidalManagement:LearningfromExperiences ...........543 G.V.Ramanjaneyulu,M.S.Chari,T.A.V.S.Raghunath,ZakirHussain andKavithaKuruganti 19 IPMProgramsinVegetableCropsinAustraliaandUSA:Current StatusandEmergingTrends ....................................575 NancyA.Schellhorn,TeresiaW.NyoikeandOscarE.Liburd 20 IntegratedPestManagementinFruits–TheoryandPractice .......599 DonnT.Johnson 21 Bio-IntensiveIntegratedPestManagementinFruitCropEcosystem.631 VirenderKaul,UmaShankarandM.K.Khushu Index .............................................................667 Contributors Rakesh S. Bandral, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sher-e-Kashmir University of AgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,India,[email protected] M.S.Chari,CentreforSustainableAgriculture,12–13—45,StreetNo.1,Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500015,India,chari [email protected] D.E.Conlong,DepartmentofConservationEcologyandEntomology,Facultyof AgriSciences,StellenboschUniversity,PrivateBagX1,Matieland.7602.South Africa,[email protected] JeffreyDavis,DepartmentOfEntomology,LouisianaStateUniversityAgricultural Center,BatonRouge,Louisiana,USA,[email protected] AshokK.Dhawan,DepartmentofEntomology,PunjabAgriculturalUniversity, Ludhiana-141004,India,[email protected] W.G.DilanthaFernando,DepartmentofPlantScience,UniversityofManitoba, Winnipeg,MBR3T2N2,Canada,D [email protected] GregoryA.Forbes,InternationalPotatoCenter,Apartado1558,Lima12,Peru, [email protected] SanjayGuleria,DivisionofBiochemistryandPlantPhysiology,Sher-e-Kashmir UniversityofAgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,Chatha-180009, Jammu,India,[email protected] S.K.Gupta,DivisionofPlantBreedingandGenetics,Sher-e-KashmirUniversity ofAgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,Chatha,Jammu-180009India, [email protected] Sachin Gupta, Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of AgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,Chatha,Jammu,180009,India, [email protected] Zakir Hussain, Centre for Sustainable Agriculture,12–13—45,Street No. 1, Tarnaka,Secunderabad-500015,India,[email protected] xi xii Contributors DonnT.Johnson,DepartmentofEntomology,AgricultureExperimentStation, UniversityofArkansas,Fayetteville,Arkansas72701;USA,[email protected] Virender Kaul, Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of AgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,Chatha,Jammu-180009,India, [email protected] M.K.Khushu,AgrometeorologyResearchCentre,Sher-e-KashmirUniversityof AgriculturalSciencesandTechnologyofJammu,Chatha,Jammu-180009,India, dr [email protected] K.R.Kranthi,CropProtectionDivision,CentralInstituteforCottonResearch, PB.No.2.ShankarnagarPO,Nagpur-440010,India,[email protected] KavithaKuruganti,CentreforSustainableAgriculture,12–13—45,StreetNo.1, Tarnaka,Secunderabad-500015,India,kavitha [email protected] OscarE.Liburd,EntomologyandNematologyDepartment,UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville,Florida32611,USA,oeliburd@ufl.edu JamesA.Litsinger, IPM andFarmingSystemsSpecialist, 1365JacobsPlace, DixonCA95620USA,[email protected] EduardoS.G.Mizubuti,DepartamentodeFitopatologia,UniversidadeFederalde Vic¸osa,Vic¸osa,MG,Brazil,[email protected] S.Nakkeeran,DepartmentofPlantPathology,KrishiVigyanKendraTamilNadu AgriculturalUniversityTindivanam-604002,India,[email protected] Teresia W. Nyoike, Entomologyand NematologyDepartment, University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida32611,USA,nyoiket@ufl.edu DavidOrr,DepartmentofEntomology,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh, NorthCarolina,27695-7613,USA,david [email protected] RajinderPeshin,DivisionofAgriculturalExtensionEducation,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu-180009,India,[email protected] DavidPimentel, Departmentof Entomology,College of Agricultureand Life Sciences,CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NewYork,USA,[email protected] AdityaPratap,Div.ofCropImprovement,IndianInstituteofPulsesResearch (ICAR),Kalyanpur-Kanpur(U.P.)208024,India,[email protected] T.A.V.S.Raghunath,CentreforSustainableAgriculture,12–13–45,StreetNo.1, Tarnaka,Secunderabad-500015,India,[email protected] G.V.Ramanjaneyulu,CentreforSustainableAgriculture,12–13–45,StreetNo.1, Tarnaka,Secunderabad-500015,India,[email protected] RajeshRamarathnam,SouthernCropProtectionandFoodResearchCentre,1391 SandfordStreet,London,Ontario,ONN5V4T3,[email protected]
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