Table Of Content

INTEGRATED FIBER-OPTIC RECEIVERS INTEGRATED FIBER-OPTIC RECEIVERS Aaron BUCHWALD Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay,Kowloon, Hong Kong Kenneth W. MARTIN University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston/London/Dordrecht Copyright c 1994byKluwerAcademicPublishers. (cid:13) To WarrenG. BUCHWALD CONTENTS PREFACE xi Part I SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 1 1 INTEGRATED FIBER-OPTIC RECEIVERS 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 AdvantagesofFiber-Optics 8 1.3 StatusofIntegratedFiber-OpticReceivers 9 1.4 OverviewofFiber-OpticReceiverDesign 11 References 23 2 MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES 27 2.1 AnalyticalExpressionsforNRZBandlimitedData 28 2.2 FourierSeriesFrequencyDomainRepresentations 29 2.3 FourierTransformFrequencyDomainRepresentations 48 2.4 LinearFilteringofRandomData 64 2.5 ReviewofGeneralTheoryofRandomSignals 76 2.6 RandomAmplitudeModulation 84 2.7 Phase-Jitter 89 2.8 EffectofBPFPhaseResponseonAngleandAmplitudeModulation 99 2.9 Summary 100 References 103 3 OPTIMAL DECISION THEORY 105 3.1 QualitativeDetectionofIndependentBinaryPulses 109 3.2 HypothesisTesting 111 3.3 PropertiesofGaussianRandomVariables 115 vii viii Integrated Fiber-Optic Receivers 3.4 OptimalDecisionRuleforAdditive-White-Gaussian-Noise 120 3.5 PerformanceEvaluationoftheCorrelationReceiverinAWGN 125 3.6 QuantumLimitinOpticalCommunicationSystems 129 3.7 CorrelationReceiverPerformanceinthePresenceofClock-Jitter 141 3.8 OptimumCorrelationReceiversinColoredNoise 150 3.9 CorrelationReceiverPerformanceinColoredNoise 154 3.10 Summary 160 References 161 4 CLOCK RECOVERY 163 4.1 QualitativeAnalysisofClockRecoverySchemes 166 4.2 IntermittentPhase-ReadjustingApproachestoClockRecovery 169 4.3 EdgeDetection 174 4.4 SpectralLineTechniques 182 4.5 MaximumaPosteriori(MAP)SymbolSynchronization 207 4.6 Parasitic-DelayInsensitiveClockRecoverySchemes 236 4.7 Summary 249 References 253 5 PRACTICAL HIGH-SPEED CLOCK RECOVERY 259 5.1 FrequencyDetection 259 5.2 ModifiedAlexanderCircuit 276 5.3 Early-LateCircuitUsingaMatchedFilter 286 5.4 High-SpeedDataTransitionTrackingLoop 289 5.5 Summary 300 References 303 Part II CIRCUIT DESIGN 305 6 HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS 309 6.1 OverviewofHBTs 311 6.2 AdvantagesofHBTsforHigh-SpeedOperation 312 6.3 AlGaAs/GaAsHBTs: TypicalParameters 313 6.4 InP-BasedHBTs: TypicalParameters 315 6.5 SPICEModelsforCircuitSimulation 317 6.6 Summary 321 References 323 7 LOW-NOISE PREAMPLIFIER 325 7.1 SourcesofNoise 325 7.2 RelationshipBetweenNoiseandReceiverSensitivity 334 7.3 CalculationsofNoiseinLinearCircuits 336 7.4 TransresistancePreamplifierNoiseAnalysis 342 7.5 ComparisonofBipolarandFETAmplifiers 367 7.6 InPPreamplifier 377 References 385 8 VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS 387 8.1 Four-StageRingVCO 387 8.2 Emitter-CoupledMultivibratorVCO 390 8.3 ComparisonofRingandEmitter-CoupledVCO 392 8.4 TimingEstimation 392 8.5 High-SpeedTesting 400 References 411 9 6-GHz PHASE-LOCK LOOP 413 9.1 FrequencyQuadruplingRingVCO 413 9.2 Fully-BalancedMixer 416 9.3 LoopFilter 417 9.4 OutputBufferandBiasCircuits 424 9.5 Results 425 9.6 Summary 431 References 433 10 CLOCK RECOVERY AND DATA RETIMING IC 435 10.1 System-LevelSimulations 435 10.2 Circuit-LevelSimulations 446 10.3 FurtherResearch 452 References 455 INDEX 457 x Integrated Fiber-Optic Receivers