Integrated Endocrinology Integrated Endocrinology John Laycock and Karim Meeran BothofImperialCollegeLondon A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2013©2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobal Scientific,TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. Registeredoffice:JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex, PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices:9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowto applyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withtheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor otherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthe priorpermissionofthepublisher. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.All brandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksor registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductor vendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthe publisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpert assistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDatahasbeenappliedfor ISBN978-0-4706-8813-7(hardback)–978-0-4706-8812-0(paperback) AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Setin9.5/13ptMeridienbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India FirstImpression2013 Contents Preface vii 1 TheMolecularBasisofHormones 1 2 TheHypothalamusandtheConceptofNeurosecretion 43 3 ThePituitaryGland(1):TheAnteriorLobe (Adenohypophysis) 51 4 ThePituitaryGland(2):ThePosteriorLobe (Neurohypophysis) 89 5 DiseasesofthePituitaryGland 109 6 TheGonads(1):Testes 133 7 TheGonads(2):Ovaries 155 8 TheEndocrineControlofPuberty 189 9 TheHormonesofPregnancy,ParturitionandLactation 199 10 TheAdrenalGlands(1):AdrenalCortex 211 11 TheAdrenalGlands(2):AdrenalMedulla 247 12 TheEndocrineControlofSaltandWaterBalance 259 13 TheThyroidGlandandItsIodothyronineHormones 275 14 TheIsletsofLangerhansandTheirHormones 303 15 DiabetesMellitus 325 16 TheGut–BrainAxis 337 17 Hormones,EndocrineTumoursandtheGut 343 18 TheParathyroids,theEndocrineKidneyand CalciumRegulation 349 19 TheGeneticsofEndocrineTumours 375 20 FutureProspects 383 Index 387 v Preface Bothofushavealwaysbeeninspiredbytheinterestshownbyourstudents inthesubjectofendocrinology,andwearegratefultothemforenhancing our desire to produce a readable textbook covering the main aspects of the subject. Because the understanding of endocrinology is enhanced by a consideration of the clinical conditions associated with diminished or excessiveproductionofindividualhormones,wehopethattheintegration we have attempted between basic and clinical aspects is successful. In addition we are grateful to our wives and families, who have given us their continual support, and to our colleagues, in particular Waljit Dhillo andGarethLengwhogaveusmanysuggestionsforimprovementinthose chapterswhichtheyreadforus. JohnLaycockandKarimMeeran vii
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