Integrated design and cost management for civil engineers

456 Pages·2014·4.636 MB·English

by  Whyte, Andrew

Construction Management W Integrated Design
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To succeed as a civil engineer, you need to be able to provide a client with t
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a practical solution. Not only does the solution need to be technically fit-for-
use, but it also needs to be cost-effective and time-efficient. Using case studies I and Cost Management
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to illustrate the principles and processes it describes, Integrated Design and t
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Cost Management for Civil Engineers is a guide to designing, costing and g
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scheduling a construction project to suit a client’s brief. It emphasises the correct a
t for Civil Engineers
quantification and planning of works to give reliable cost and time estimates e
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to minimise the risk of losing business through over-costing or losing profits
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through under-costing. The text also outlines how to meet the necessary local
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ethical and legal requirements. The main territories covered are Australia, New
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Zealand, the UK, Southeast Asia and the Commonwealth countries, although the n
principles are internationally relevant. Guiding you through the complete process
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of project design, costing and tendering, this book is the ideal bridge between n
d
the study of civil engineering and its practice in a commercial context.
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Andrew Whyte is the head of civil engineering at Curtin University, Western
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Australia. He is also the coordinator of Curtin’s Master of Engineering Manage- M
ment degree. a
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Andrew Whyte
A SPON PRESS BOOK
Y132927 cvr mech rev.indd 1 7/15/14 11:02 AM

Integrated Design
and Cost Management
for Civil Engineers

Integrated Design
and Cost Management
for Civil Engineers
Andrew Whyte
A SPON PRESS BOOK
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Contents
List of figures xi
List of tables xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxi
Author xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Civil engineering attributes 1
1.2 Design, construction and management
of civil engineering projects 2
1.3 Chapter breakdown 5
2 Cost planning and control 9
2.1 Cost prediction and estimating in civil engineering projects 9
2.2 Cost estimating 11
2.2.1 Approximate estimating 12
2.2.1.1 Approximate estimating: Practice example 13
2.2.2 Preliminary estimating 16
2.2.2.1 Preliminary estimating: Practice example 17
2.2.3 Detailed estimating 18
2.2.3.1 Detailed estimating: Practice example 22
2.2.4 Cost plan inclusions 28
2.2.4.1 Preliminary items 29
2.2.4.2 Preamble items 29
2.2.4.3 Prime cost sums 29
2.2.4.4 Provisional sums 30
2.2.4.5 Contingency and daywork amounts 30
2.2.4.6 Profit markup 30
v
vi Contents
2.3 Cash flow prediction and income/revenue monitoring 31
2.3.1 S-curve cash flow 33
2.3.1.1 S-curve cash flow: Practice example 34
2.3.2 Cost and income monitoring 38
2.4 The time–value of money and (civil) engineering economics 39
2.4.1 Present, annual and future worth
project assessment techniques 41
2.5 Life cycle cost analysis: Civil engineering applications 43
2.5.1 LCCA case study: Review of road alternatives 44
2.5.2 LCCA case study: Pavements 48
2.5.3 LCCA case study: Floating structures 52
2.5.4 LCCA framework towards roof
covering comparison 54
3 Timelines and scheduling civil engineering projects 57
3.1 Scheduling techniques 58
3.1.1 Gantt charts 58
3.1.2 Network and precedence diagrams 59
3.1.3 Critical path method 61
3.1.4 Programme evaluation and review technique 62
3.1.5 Project scheduling and plan
review: Practice example 64
3.2 Rescheduling techniques to improve
and adapt project timelines 69
3.2.1 Project programme condensing and crashing 70
3.2.1.1 Project programme condensing and
(cost) crashing: Practice example 71
3.2.2 Resources and time frame 72
3.2.2.1 Project resources deployment:
Practice example 73
3.3 Risk: Structured reporting 75
3.4 Alternative scheduling techniques
for civil engineering projects 80
3.4.1 Linear scheduling: Practice example 81
3.5 Method statements 83
3.5.1 Method statements and risk 83
3.5.2 Method statement continuity 85
3.6 Value management 86
3.6.1 Value management techniques and tools 87
3.7 Critical chain project management scheduling 91
Contents vii
3.7.1 Implementation of critical path
project management 93
3.7.1.1 Cutting estimated task durations 93
3.7.1.2 Buffer period installation and management 94
3.7.2 Updating project schedules in CCPM 95
3.7.3 CCPM application opportunities
in civil engineering 96
3.7.4 CCPM variables already in use
in the construction industry 98
3.7.5 Potential CCPM uptake factors 99
3.8 Agile management 102
3.8.1 Agile management and project scope 104
3.9 Delay and (oil price) fluctuations in
civil engineering projects 105
3.9.1 Fluctuation and escalation clauses
to address oil prices 107
4 Quality control in civil engineering projects 109
4.1 Quality systems and quality standards 110
4.1.1 Quality system checklist: Practice example 114
4.2 Quality and contractual requirements 116
4.3 Quality and continuous improvement 118
4.4 Occupational health and safety in construction 120
4.4.1 Industry initiatives in occupational
health and safety in civil engineering 122
4.4.2 Safety: Concrete and formwork 123
4.4.2.1 Formwork failure: Case study examples 125
4.5 Prefabrication and modularisation productivity 128
4.5.1 Assessing benefits and disadvantages
of prefabrication 131
4.6 Prefabrication and design specification decisions 134
4.7 Predicting defects in civil engineering activities 142
5 Contract documentation for civil engineering projects 149
5.1 Contractual arrangements 150
5.1.1 Elements of a contract 152
5.1.2 Contractual category type
selection: Practice example 156
5.1.3 Project progression via GCC:
International/national standard forms 159
viii Contents
5.1.4 Project progression: Variations, quality,
extensions of time and claims 163
5.1.5 Contractual administration practice examples 165
5.1.6 Contractual dispute and resolution 166
5.1.6.1 Standard forms of contract
selection guideline 168
5.1.6.2 Standard and bespoke forms of contract 176
5.1.6.3 Overseas contractual arrangements:
Malaysian payment clauses 180
5.1.7 Environmental law 188
5.1.7.1 Methods of environmental
assessment: Federal and state 191
5.2 Specifications for design solutions 193
5.2.1 Specifications systems suppliers 194
5.2.2 Specifications exemplars 195
5.2.3 Specification types: General, technical,
prescriptive and performance 196
5.2.4 Specification decisions: Practice example 199
5.2.4.1 Specification requirements for
infrastructure in mountainous regions 202
5.2.5 Design specifications to facilitate
environmental savings 207
5.2.5.1 Specifications and the use
of recycled materials 209
5.2.5.2 Demolition protocol and
specifications for recycling 212
5.2.5.3 Sustainable specification options
for recycling demolition materials 218
5.2.5.4 Life-cycle assessment (LCA),
waste reuse and recycling 226
5.2.6 Specifications and BIM 237
5.2.6.1 BIM, the construction industry
and specifications standards 238
5.3 Design measurement and mensuration:
Civil engineering bills of quantities 246
5.3.1 BQ preparation 248
5.3.1.1 BQ preparation: Practice
example (site clearance) 249
5.3.1.2 BQ practice example (concrete
strip foundation) 251