Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe PDF
Preview Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe
Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe Developments in Hydrobiology 175 Series editor K. Martens Integrated Assessment of Running Waters in Europe Edited by Daniel Hering1, Piet F.M. Verdonschot2, Otto Moog3 & Leonard Sandin4, 1 Department of Hydrobiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany 2 Altena Green World Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands 3 Department for Hydrobiology Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria 4 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, volume 516 (2004) Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-94-010-3761-7 ISBN 978-94-007-0993-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0993-5 Cover illustration: Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber Printed on acid-free paper All Rights reserved © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface vii-ix Overviewand application ofthe AQEM assessment system D. Hering, O. Moog, L. Sandin, P.F.M. Verdonschot 1-20 Does the ecoregion approach support the typological demands of the EU 'Water Framework Directive'? O. Moog, A. Schmidt-Kloiber, T. Ofenb6ck, J. Gerritsen 21-33 Testing the European stream typology of the Water Framework Directive for macroin vertebrates P.F.M. Verdonschot, RC. Nijboer 35-54 Comparing macroinvertebrate indices to detect organic pollution across Europe: a contributiontothe EC WaterFramework Directiveintercalibration L. Sandin, D. Hering 55-68 Identification and measure of hydromorphological degradation in Central European lowland streams CK Feld 69-90 Establishing reference conditionsfor European streams RC. Nijboer, RK. Johnson, P.F.M. Verdonschot, M. Sommerhauser, A. Buffagni 91-105 A new method for assessing the impact of hydromorphological degradation on the macroinvertebratefauna offive German stream types A. Lorenz, D. Hering, C.K. Feld, P. Rolauffs 107-127 Assessing acid stress in Swedish boreal and alpine streams using benthic macroin vertebrates L. Sandin, J. Dahl, RK. Johnson 129-148 The development of an ecological quality assessment and classification system for Greekrunning waters based on benthic macroinvertebrates N. Th. Skoulikidis, K.C. Gritzalis, T. Kouvarda, A. Buffagni 149-160 Detection of organic pollution of streams in southern Sweden using benthic macroin vertebrates J. Dahl, RK. Johnson, L. Sandin 161-172 Towards a multimetric index for the assessment of Dutch streams using benthic macroinvertebrates H.E. Vlek, P.F.M. Verdonschot, RC. Nijboer 173-189 Assessment methodologyfor southern siliceous basins in Portugal P. Pinto, J. Rosado, M. Morais, I. Antunes 191-214 vi Multimetric assessment of data provided by water managers from Germany: assess ment ofseveral differenttypesofstressors with macrozoobenthoscommunities J. Bohmer, C. Rawer-Jost, A. Zenker 215-228 Assessment of temporary streams: the robustness of metric and multimetric indices underdifferenthydrological conditions M. Morais, P. Pinto, P. Guilherme, J. Rosado, I. Antunes 229-249 A stressor specific multimetric approach for monitoring running waters in Austria us- ing benthic macro-invertebrates T. Ofenbock, O. Moog, J. Gerritsen, M. Barbour 251-268 The effect of taxonomic resolution on the assessment of ecological water quality classes A. Schmidt-Kloiber, RC. Nijboer 269-283 Integrationofthesaprobicsystem intotheEuropean UnionWaterFrameworkDirective P. Rolauffs, I. Stubauer, S. Zahradkova, K. Brabec, O. Moog 285-298 'Electronic subsampling' of macrobenthic samples: how many individualsare needed fora valid assessment result? A. Lorenz, L. Kirchner, D. Hering 299-312 The AQEM multimetric system for the southern Italian Apennines: assessing the impact of water quality and habitat degradation on pool macroinvertebrates in Medi terranean rivers A. Buffagni, S. Erba, M. Cazzola, J.L. Kemp 313-329 Assessment oforganic pollution effectconsidering differences between lotic and len- tic stream habitats K. Brabec, S. Zahradkova, D. Nemejcova, P. Paril, J. Kokes, J. Jarkovsky 331-346 Theeffectofexcludingtaxawith lowabundancesortaxawith smalldistributionranges on ecological assessment RC. Nijboer, A. Schmidt-Kloiber 347-363 Characterising hydromorphological features of selected Italian Rivers: a comparative application ofenvironmental indices R Balestrini, M. Cazzola, A. Buffagni 365-379 Hydrobiologia 516: vii-ix,2004. D. Hering, P.F.M. Verdonschot, O.Moog & L. Sandin(eds), IntegratedAssessmentofRunningWaters inEurope. vii Preface In December 2002 the EU Water Framework Dir portantrole, since(incontrastto the other 'Biological ective was published, an innovative and far-reaching Quality Elements') most European countries have a legislation, which aims to harmonise many aspects tradition in monitoring benthic invertebrates, which of European water policy. A major point of the Wa arewell knownandcomparativelyeasytosampleand ter Framework Directive is ecological assessment, to identify. A large variety of methods for sampling which results determine future restoration measures and assessing the benthic macroinvertebratesis avail andcatchmentmanagementplans.However,thepartly able. However, these methods differ considerably in verypreciserulesfortheimplementationofecological approach and precision and more often do not fulfil assessment given by the Water Framework Directive the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. meet difficulties. First, they are not always coherent Each approach of developing new assessment meth to thebioassessmenttraditionsinsomecountries, and ods based on benthic invertebrates must consider the second, someothercountrieshave virtually no exper existing methods, since most countries aim to keep ience in this field. Consequently, the EuropeanUnion comparability with their existing data. On the other has funded a number ofresearch projects, aiming to hand, the Water Framework Directive demands for develop ecological assessment systems that fulfil the comparability between countries, which requires a requirementsofthe WaterFrameworkDirective. One standardisation of at least some principles of river of these projects was AQEMI, a project aiming to assessment. developamacroinvertebrate-basedassessmentsystem Consideringbothdemands the AQEM consortium for Europeanrivers. Theresults ofthe AQEM project developedasystem, which is based on astandardised aredescribedin thisspecialissue. framework, but nevertheless gives acertain degreeof The AQEM project was carried out from March freedom for assessing certain stream types in indi 2000 until February 2002. Sixteen partners were vidual countries. The main elements of the AQEM participating, representing eight European countries framework are: (1) a harmonised sampling proced (Table 1). Usually, two partners per country were in ure, (2) a database of ecological characteristics of cluded, one ofwhom was involved into the practical Europeanbenthicmacroinvertebratesusedforall met scientific work, while the other 'applied partner' was ric calculations, (3) a methodology to calculate as mainly responsible for the provision ofdata, the test sessment metrics, and (4) a multimetric procedure, ofpreliminaryversionsofthe assessmentsystems de which has been individually defined for each of the velopedandforthetransferoftheassessmenstsystem stream types studied. Furthermore, in most cases we intowatermanagementapplication. tried to define an assessment procedure that detects The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is one out individual stressors (e.g., organic pollution, degrad of three 'Biological Quality Elements' that will be ation in stream morphology, and acidification). The used for the ecological assessment of rivers accord differences between stream type or country related ing to the Water Framework Directive. Furthermore, assessment systems apply to the stressors tackled, the fish fauna and the aquatic flora (macrophytes, the metrics used and slight deviations in multimetric phytobenthosandphytoplankton)mustbeconsidered. formulas andsamplingstrategies. While at certain sites, all 'Biological Quality Ele Thespecialissueconsistsof24articles, whichare ments' will be monitored, especially those being part orderedinto three groups: Group I comprises articles ofthe surveillance monitoring network, a selection is thatpresentanoverviewoftheAQEMassessmentsys likelytobemadeforsitesbeingpartoftheoperational tem or that evaluate the whole AQEM dataset: The monitoringorofnational monitoring networks. Here, paper by Hering et al. (2004) describes the AQEM benthic macroinvertebrates are likely to play an im- assessment system and the AQEM products in a gen eralway; Verdonschot(2004)tests thetypologyofthe ITheDevelopmentandTestingofanIntegratedAssessmentSystem Water Framework Directive with the AQEM dataset, fortheEcologicalQualityofStreamsandRiversthroughoutEurope using Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Contract no.: EVKI-CT-1999 and Moog et al. (2004) address the same question at 00027. a smaller scale, mainlyfocussing on the suitability of viii Table1. PartnersoftheAQEMproject Partner Country Scientificorapplied partner UniversityofEssen,InstituteofEcology,DepartmentofHydrobiology,Essen Germany Scientificpartner BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Institute Austria Scientificpartner for Water Provision, Aquatic Ecology and Waste Management, Department of Hydrobiology,Vienna SverigesLantbruksuniversitet(SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences),Depart Sweden Scientificpartner mentofEnvironmentalAssessment,Uppsala MasarykUniversity,FacultyofScience,DepartmentofZoology&Ecology,Division CzechRepublic Scientificpartner ofHydrobiology, Bmo NationalCentreforMarineResearch,InstituteofInlandWaters,Athens Greece Scientificpartner NationalResearchCouncil,WaterResearchInstitute(IstitutodiRicercasulleAcque Italy Scientificpartner IRSA- CNR),DepartmentofHydrobiologyappliedtowaterpollution,Brugherio UniversityofEvora,CentreofappliedEcology,WaterLaboratory,Evora Portugal Scientificpartner Alterra,GreenWorldResearch,FreshwaterEcology,Wageningen TheNetherlands Scientificandapplied partner Working groupofthe federal statesonwaterproblems (Landerarbeitsgemeinschaft Germany Appliedpartner Wasser,LAWAAGO) AustriaFederalEnvironmentAgency Austria Appliedpartner SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency Sweden Appliedpartner T.G.MasarykWaterResearch InstitutePrague,BmoBranchDepartment CzechRepublic Appliedpartner ETANAMDevelopmentAgencyforAmvrakikosGulfS.A. Greece Appliedpartner Autonomous Province of BolzanolBozen, Local Department ofEnvironment and Italy Appliedpartner Nature, Urban Planning, Water and Energy, Environmental Protection Agency - BiologicalLaboratory A.R.P.A.Piemonte(AgenziaRegionaleperlaProtezioneAmbientaledelPiemonte Italy Appliedpartner Regional EnvironmentProtectionAgency) !NAGWaterInstitute(InstitutodaAgua) Portugal Appliedpartner ecoregions. Nijboeretai. (2004)comparemethods to (2004) assess the use of macroinvertebrate data on define referenceconditionsthroughoutEurope, while different taxonomic levels with the AQEM assess Sandin & Hering (2004)comparethe performanceof ment system. Feld (2004) is particularly addressing assessment metricsaiming to detectorganic pollution thehydromorphologyofdifferentlowlandrivertypes, in different parts of Europe and suggests a method whileBalestrinietaI.(2004)comparetheperformance to intercalibrateorganicpollutionassessmentmethods of different hydromorphological indices in Southern acrossEurope. Europe. The paperbyBohmeretaI. (2004)uses mul ThearticleswithinGroup2describetheprocessof timetricsystemswithdatafrom sourcesotherthanthe how the individual national assessment systems were AQEM projectandRolauffsetai. (2004)comparethe developed: Sweden (Dahl et aI., 2004; Sandin et aI., performanceofdifferentSaprobicIndices. 2004), Germany (Lorenz et aI., 2004a), The Nether We are especially grateful to those people, who lands (Vlek et aI., 2004), Austria (OfenbOck et aI., have acted as reviewers for this special issue: 2004), Czech Republic (Brabec et aI., 2004), Italy JavierAlba-Tercedor(Granada,Spain),ErnstBauern (Buffagni etaI., 2004a), Portugal (Pintoet aI., 2004), feind (Vienna, Austria), Michael Barbour (Owings and Greece (Skoulikidis & Gritzalis, 2004). Thecon Mills, USA), Jean-Nicolas Beisel (Metz, France), tributions within Group 3 address special problems: Bjorn Bergquist (Stockholm, Sweden), Barbara Bis Morais et aI. (2004) deal with the assessment of (Lodz, Poland), Ulrich Braukmann (Witzenhausen, temporary rivers, Nijboer & Schmidt Kloiber (2004) Germany), John Brittain (Oslo, Norway), Mat and Lorenz et ai. (2004b) with the statistical reliabil thias Brunke (Kiel, Germany), Andrea Buffagni ity ofassessment results. Schmidt-Kloiber& Nijboer (Brugherio, Italy), Andreas Chovanec (Vienna, Aus- ix tria), Christian Feld (Essen, Germany), Leska Fore tiononthemacroinvertebratefaunaoffiveGermanstreamtypes. (Seattle, USA), Nikolai Friberg (Silkeborg, Den Hydrobiologia516: 109-129. mark), Mike T. Furse (Dorchester, UK), Gtinther Lorenz, A., L. Kirchner & D. Hering, 2004b. 'Electronic sub sampling' ofmacrobenthic samples: how many individuals are Friedrich (Krefeld, Germany), Jeroen Gerritsen (Bal needed for avalid assessmentresult? Hydrobiologia 516: 301 timore,USA),PeterGoedhals(Ghent,Belgium),Peter 314. Haase (Biebergemtind, Germany), Charles Hawkins Moog, 0., Department for Hydrobiology, Fisheries and Aquacul ture,UniversityofNaturalResourcesandAppliedLifeSciences, (Logan, USA), Bert Higler (Wageningen, The Neth Vienna,Austria. erlands), Andreas Hoffmann (Magdeburg, Germany), Moog,0., A.Schmidt-Kloiber, T. Ofenbock& J. Gerritsen, 2004. Philip Kaufmann(Corvallis, USA), ClausLindegaard Doestheecoregionapproachsupportthetypologicaldemandsof (Silkeborg, Denmark), Rebi Nijboer (Wageningen, the EU 'WaterFrameworkDirective'? Hydrobiologia 516: 23 35. The Netherlands), Richard Norris (Canberra, Aus Morais M., P. Pinto, P. Guilherme, J. Rosado& I. Antunes, 2004. tralia), Isabel Pardo (Vigo, Spain), Niels de Pauw Assessment of temporary streams: the robustness of metric (Ghent,Belgium),PauloPinto(Evora,Portugal),Nar andmultimetricindices underdifferenthydrologicalconditions. cis Prat (Barcelona, Spain), Ma Angels Puig Garcia Hydrobiologia516:231-251. Nijboer, R. c., R. K. Johnson, P. F.M. Verdonschot, M. Sommer (Girona, Spain), Paul Raven (Bristol, UK), Astrid hauser & A. Buffagni, 2004. Establishing reference conditions Schmidt-Kloiber(Vienna, Austria),liseStubauer(Vi forEuropeanstreams.Hydrobiologia516:93-107. enna, Austria), Richard Thome (Huntersdale, UK), Nijboer,R.C.& A.Schmidt-Kloiber,2004.Theeffectofexcluding Klement Tockner (Ztirich, Switzerland), Hanneke taxawithlowabundancesortaxawithsmalldistribution ranges onecologicalassessment.Hydrobiologia516: 349-366. Vlek(Wageningen,TheNetherlands),ReinhardWim Ofenbock,T.,O.Moog,J.Gerritsen&M.Barbour,2004.Astressor mer (Vienna, Austria), and Hans Winkler (Vienna, specific multimetric approach for monitoring running waters in Austria). Austria using benthic macro-invertebrates. Hydrobiologia 516: 253-270. Pinto P., J. Rosado, M. Morais & I. Antunes, 2004. Assess ment methodology for southern siliceous basins in Portugal. References Hydrobiologia516: 193-216. Rolauffs, P., I. Stubauer, S. Zahradkova, K. Brabec & O. Moog, 2004.IntegrationofthesaprobicsystemintotheEuropeanUnion Balestrini, R., M. Cazzola & A. Buffagni, 2004. Characterising WaterFramework Directive: Case studies in Austria, Germany hydromorphologicalfeaturesofselectedItalianrivers: acompar andCzechRepublic. Hydrobiologia516:287-300. ative application ofenvironmental indices. Hydrobiologia 516: Sandin, L. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU1, 367-381. Bohmer, J., C. Rawer-Jost & A. Zenker, 2004. Multimetric as Uppsala,Sweden. Sandin, L. & D. Hering, 2004. Comparing macroinvertebrate in sessment ofdata provided by water managers from Germany: dicestodetectorganicpollutionacrossEurope:acontributionto assessment ofseveral different types of stressors with macro theECWaterFrameworkDirectiveintercalibration. Hydrobiolo zoobenthoscommunities.Hydrobiologia516:217-230. gia516:57-70. Brabec K., S. Zahradkova, D. Nemejcova, P. Panl, 1. Kokes & J. Sandin,L.,J.Dahl& R. K.Johnson, 2004.Assessingacidstressin Jarkovsky, 2004. Assessment oforganic pollution effect con Swedishboreal and alpine streams using benthic macroinverte sidering differences between lotic and lentic stream habitats. brates.Hydrobiologia516: 131-149. Hydrobiologia516:333-347. Schmidt-Kloiber,A.&R.C.Nijboer,2004.Theeffectoftaxonomic Buffagni,A.,S.Erba,M.Cazzola&J.L.Kemp,2004a.TheAQEM multimetric system for the southern Italian Apennines: assess resolutionontheassessmentofecological waterqualityclasses. Hydrobiologia516:271-285. ing theimpactofwaterquality andhabitatdegradation on pool Skoulikidis, N. Th., K. C. Gritzalis, T. Kouvarda & A. Buffagni, macroinvertebrates inMediterranean rivers. Hydrobiologia516: 2004.Thedevelopment ofanecologicalqualityassessmentand 315-331. classificationsystemforGreekrunningwaters basedonbenthic Dahl J., R. K. Johnson & L. Sandin, 2004. Detection of or macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia516: 151-162. ganic pollution of streams in southern Sweden using benthic Verdonschot, P.F.M.AlterraGreenWorldResearch, Wageningen, macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia516: 163-174. Feld, c., 2004. Identification and measureofhydromorphological TheNetherlands. Verdonschot, P. F. M.& R.C. Nijboer, 2004.TestingtheEuropean degradationinCentralEuropeanlowlandstreams.Hydrobiologia streamtypologyoftheWaterFrameworkDirectiveformacroin 516:71-92. vertebrates. Hydrobiologia516:37-55. Hering, D.,DepartmentofHydrobiology, University ofDuisburg Essen,Essen,Germany. Vlek, H. E., P. F. M. Verdonschot& R. C. Nijboer, 2004.Towards Hering, D., O. Moog, L. Sandin & P. F. M. Verdonschot, 2004. a multimetric index for the assessment ofDutch streams using Overview and application of the AQEM assessment system. benthicmacroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia516: 175-191. Hydrobiologia516: 1-21. Lorenz,A.,D.Hering,C.Feld& P.Rolauffs,2004a.Anewmethod for assessing the impact of hydromorphological degrada- Hydrobiologia 516: 1-20,2004. D. Hering, P.F.M. Verdonschot, O.Moog & L.Sandin(eds), IntegratedAssessmentofRunningWatersinEurope. ©2004KluwerAcademicPublishers. PrintedintheNetherlands. Overview and application ofthe AQEM assessment system Daniel Hering!, Otto Moog2, Leonard Sandin3 & PietF. M. Verdonschot4 IDepartmentofEcology, FacultyofHydrobiology, UniversityofDuisburg-Essen, D-45117Essen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] 2BOKU-UniversityofAgriculturalSciences, Institutefor WaterProvision, Stream Ecology & Waste Management, DepartmentofHydrobiology, FisheriesandAquaculture,MaxEmanuelStraj3e17,A-1180Vienna, Austria 3Swedish UniversityofAgriculturalSciences, DepartmentofEnvironmentalAssessment, P.O. Box7050, S-75007Uppsala, Sweden 4AlterraGreen World Research, FreshwaterEcology, Droevendaalsesteeg3a, NL-6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Key words: streamassessment, macroinvertebrates,Europe,AQEM, multimetricindex,standardisation Abstract The main objective ofthe European Union (EU) funded project AQEMlwas to develop a framework of an as sessment system for streams in Europe based on benthic macroinvertebrates that fulfils the requirements ofthe EU Water Framework Directive. Initial assessment methods for 28 European stream types and more generally applicabletoolsforstreambiomonitoringinEuropeweregenerated. The development of the system was based on a newly collected data set covering stream types in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden. Altogether, 901 benthic invertebrate samples were taken using a standardised multi-habitat sampling procedure and a large number of parametersdescribing the streamsand theircatchmentswas recordedfor all sampling sites. From the stream and catchmentcharacteristicsmeasuresofstresswerederived.Alargenumberofmetricswastestedindependentlyfor eachofthestreamtypes,toidentifytheresponseofeachmetrictodegradationofasite. Thisprocessresultedinup to 18coremetricsfortheindividualstreamtypes,whichwerecombinedintoadifferentmultimetricindexineach country.Themultimetric AQEMassessmentsystemisusedtoclassifyastreamstretchintoanEcologicalQuality Class ranging from 5 (high quality) to I (bad quality) and often provides information on the possible causes of degradation. AQEMprovidesataxalistof9557Europeanmacroinvertebratetaxawithassociatedautecologicalinformation, asoftwarepackage forperformingall the calculations necessary for applyingthe multimetric AQEM assessment systemandamanualdescribingallaspectsoftheapplicationofthesystemfromsiteselectiontodatainterpretation. Introduction (macrobenthic fauna, fish fauna and aquatic flora) in stream assessment, which is a concept new to many The EUWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD; Directive Europeancountries.Furthermore,theecologicalstatus 2000/60lEC- Establishinga ofawaterbodyisdefinedbycomparingthebiological Frameworkfor Community Action in the Field of communitycompositionpresentwith the near-natural Water Policy) outlines a legal structure for the as reference conditions. These new WFD guidelines on sessment of all types of water bodies in Europe. A ecological water quality assessment have generated a mainfocus ofthe WFD is the use ofbiotic indicators strong demand for either 'new' assessment systems fulfilling the criteria or to adapt existing systems to ITheDevelopmentandTestingofanIntegratedAssessmentSystem meetthe criteriaoftheWFD. Benthic macroinverteb fortheEcologicalQualityofStreamsandRiversthroughoutEurope usingBenthicMacroinvertebrates. rates, together with algae, serve as the mostcommon
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