Instruments and their Music in the Middle Ages

556 Pages·2009·44.579 MB·English

by  Timothy J. McGee (ed.)

Instruments and their Music in the Middle Ages
Music in Medieval Europe
Series Editor: Thomas Forrest Kelly
Titles ni the Series:
Chant and its Origins
Thomas Forrest Kelly
Oral and Written Transmission in Chant
Thomas Forrest Kelly
Embellishing the Liturgy
Alejandro Enrique Planchart
Poets and Singers
Elizabeth Aubrey
Ars antiqua
Edward H. Roesner
Ars nova
John L. Nadas and Michael Scott Cuthbert
Instruments and their Music ni the
Middle segA
Timothy J McGee
Instruments and their Music
in the Middle Ages
Edited by
Timothy .J McGee
First published 2009 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright ©Timothy J. McGee 2009. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the
Acknowledgements.
Wherever possible, these reprints era made from a copy ofthe original printing, but these can themselves
eb of very variable .ytilauq Whilst the publisher has made every effort to ensure the quality of the reprint,
some variability may inevitably remain.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by
any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Instruments and their music in the Middle Ages. - (Music ni
medieval Europe)
I. Musical instruments - Europe -History- oT 0051
.2 Music - 500-1400 -History dna criticism
I. McGee, Timothy .T.
1.487 '94'0902
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007943184
ISBN: 9780754627623 (hbk)
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Series Preface xi
Introduction xiii
PART I CLASSIFICATIONS AND LISTS OF INSTRUMENTS
Edmund .A Bowles ,)4591( 'Haut and :saB ehT Grouping of Musical Instruments
ni eht Middle Ages', Musica Disciplina, ,8 .pp 115-40. 3
2 Christopher Page (1982), 'German Musicians and Their Instruments: A -ht41
Century Account yb Konrad ofMegenberg', Early ,cisuM ,01 .pp 192-200. 29
3 Joscelyn Godwin (1977), 'Mains srevid acors', Early Music, ,5 .pp 148-59,
[39-52]. 39
4 Anthony Baines ,)0591( 'Fifteenth-Century Instruments ni Tinctoris's De
lnventione et usU Musicae', ehT Galpin Society Journal, ,3 .pp 19-26. 35
5 Richard Rastall (1974), 'Some English Consort-Groupings of eht Late Middle
Ages', Music and Letters, ,55 .pp 179-202. 16
PART II KEYBOARDS
6 Edmund .A selwoB ,)6691( 'On the Origin ofthe Keyboard Mechanism ni eht
etaL Middle Ages', Technology and ,erutluC ,7 .pp 152-62. 78
7 niwdE .M nipiR ( ,)5791 'Towards na noitacifitnedI ofthe Chekker', ehT Galpin
Society Journal, ,82 .pp I 1-25. I 50
8 divaD Kinsela ( ,)8991 'The Capture of eht Chekker', ehT Galpin Society Journal,
,15 .pp 64-85. 321
9 niwdE .M nipiR ,)4791( 'The Norrlanda nagrO dna eht tnehG Altarpiece', ni Gustaf
,).de(_mortselliH tfirhcstseF ot tsnrE ,remiehsmE aidutS murotnemurtsni eacisum
,siralupop ,llI :mlohkcotS aksidroN ,regalrofkisuM .pp 193-96,286-88, [145-55]. 541
PART III PLUCKED STRINGS
I 0 Howard Mayer nworB (1983), 'The Trecento Harp', ni Stanley namrooB ,).de(
Studies ni eht Performance of Late Medieval Music, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, .pp 35-73. 951
11 David Fallows (1977), '15th-Century Tablatures rof Plucked Instruments: A
Summary, a Revision and a Suggestion', Lute Society Journal, ,91 .pp 7-33. 207
21 Christopher Page (1981), 'The 15th-Century :etuL New and Neglected Sources',
Early ,cisuM ,9 .pp 11-21. 142
vi Instruments and their cisuM ni eht elddiM Ages
31 Laurence Wright (1977), 'The Medieval Gittern and Citole: A Case of Mistaken
Identity', ehT Galpin Society Journal, 30, .pp .24--8 352
PART VI BOWED STRINGS
41 Howard Mayer Brown (1989), 'The Trecento Fiddle and sti Bridges', Early
,cisuM 17, .pp 308-29. 392
51 Mary Remnant (1968), 'Rebec, Fiddle and Crowd ni England', Proceedings of
eht Royal Musical Association, ,59 .pp 15-27. 513
61 Mary Remnant (1969), 'Rebec, Fiddle and Crowd ni England: Some Further
Observations', Proceedings ofthe Royal Musical Association, ,69 .pp 149-50. 133
71 Christopher egaP (1974), 'An Aspect of Medieval Fiddle Construction', Early
,cisuM ,2 .pp 166-67. 533
81 Keith Polk ( ,)9891 'Vedel and Geige- Fiddle and :loiV German String Traditions
ni the Fifteenth Century', Journal of eht American Musicological Society, ,24
.pp .64--405 337
PARTY WINDS
91 Peter Downey (1984), 'The Renaissance Slide Trumpet: Fact or Fiction?', Early
,cisuM ,21 pp. 26-33. 383
20 Herbert .W Myers (1989), 'Slide Trumpet Madness: Fact or Fiction?', Early
,cisuM 17, .pp 382-89. 193
12 Keith Polk ( ,)9891 'The Trombone, the Slide Trumpet and the Ensemble
Tradition ofthe Early Renaissance', Early ,cisuM ,71 .pp 389-97. 399
22 Ross .W niffuD ( ,)9891 'The trompette sed menestrels ni the 15th-century alta
capella', Early ,cisuM ,71 .pp .204--793 409
32 Timothy .J McGee (1992-95), 'Misleading Iconography: The Case ofthe
"Adimari Wedding Cassone"', ogamI ,eacisuM IX-XII, .pp 139-57. 514
24 ssoR .W niffuD ,)7991( 'Backward slleB dna lerraB :slleB Some Notes no eht Early
History of duoL Instruments', Historic ssarB Society Journal, ,9 .pp 113-29. 435
PART IV REPERTORY
52 Lloyd Hibberd ( ,)6491 'On "Instrumental Style" ni Early Melody', Musical
Quarterly, 32, .pp I 07-30. 554
26 Timothy .J McGee (1986), 'Instruments and the Faenza Codex', Early ,cisuM ,41
.pp 480-90. 479
27 Edmund .A Bowles (1958), 'Musical Instruments ta the Medieval Banquet',
Revue Belge ed Musicologie, ,21 .pp 41-51. 489
28 Edmund .A Bowles (1958), 'Musical Instruments ni Civic Processions during the
Middle Ages', Acta Musicologica, 33, .pp 147-61. 105
Index 517
Acknowledgements
ehT editor dna publishers wish ot thank the following rof permission ot use copyright
material.
Cambridge University Press rof eht :yasse Howard Mayer Brown ( ,)3891 'The Trecento Harp',
ni Stanley Boorman ,).de( Studies ni eht Performance of Late Medieval Music, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, .pp 35-73. Copyright © 3891 Cambridge University Press,
reproduced with permission.
ssoR niffuD rof eht :yasse ssoR .W niffuD ,)7991( 'Backward slleB dna lerraB :slleB emoS setoN
no eht ylraE yrotsiH of duoL Instruments', cirotsiH ssarB Society ,lanruoJ ,9 .pp .92-311
Copyright Clearance Center rof eht :yasse Keith Polk ,)9891( 'Vedel and Geige - Fiddle
and :loiV German String Traditions ni eht Fifteenth Century', Journal of eht American
Musicological Society, ,24 .pp 504-46.
ehT Galpin Society rof eht :syasse Anthony Baines ( ,)0591 'Fifteenth-Century Instruments ni
Tinctoris's eD Inventione et usU Musicae', ehT Galpin Society Journal, ,3 .pp 19-26; niwdE
.M nipiR (1975), 'Towards na noitacifitnedI of eht Chekker', ehT Galpin Society Journal,
,82 .pp 11-25; David Kinsela ,)8991( 'The Capture of eht Chekker', ehT Galpin Society
Journal, ,15 .pp 64-85; Laurence Wright ,)7791( 'The Medieval Gittern and Citole: A Case of
Mistaken Identity', ehT Galpin Society Journal, ,03 .pp 8-42.
ehT Johns snikpoH University sserP for eht :yasse Edmund .A Bowles (1966), 'On eht Origin
of eht Keyboard Mechanism ni eht etaL Middle Ages', ygolonhceT and ,erutluC ,7 .pp 152-
.26 Copyright© ehT Society rof the History of .ygolonhceT
Libreria Musicale Italiana rof eht :yasse Timothy .J McGee (1992-95), 'Misleading
Iconography: ehT Case of eht "Adimari Wedding Cassone'", Imago Musicae, IX-XII, .pp
105-20.
etuL Society rof the :yasse divaD swollaF (1977), '15th-Century Tablatures rof Plucked
:stnemurtsnI A ,yrammuS a noisiveR dna a Suggestion', Lute Society Journal, ,91 .pp 7-33.
Oxford University Press rof eht :syasse Christopher Page ,)2891( 'German Musicians and
Their Instruments: A 14th-Century Account yb Konrad of Megenberg', Early Music, ,01
.pp 192-200; Joscelyn Godwin (1977), 'Mains srevid acors', Early ,cisuM ,5 .pp 148-59;
Richard Rastall (1974), 'Some English Consort-Groupings of the Late Middle Ages', Music
and Letters, ,55 .pp 179-202; Christopher Page (1981), 'The 15th-Century :etuL New and
Neglected Sources', Early ,cisuM ,9 .pp 11-21; Howard Mayer Brown ,)9891( 'The Trecento
Fiddle and sti Bridges', Early ,cisu M 17, .pp 308-29; Mary Remnant (1968), 'Rebec, Fiddle
and Crowd in England', Proceedings of eht Royal Musical Association, ,59 .pp 15-27;
viii Instruments and their Music ni the Middle Ages
Mary Remnant ( ,)9691 'Rebec, Fiddle and Crowd ni England: Some Further Observations',
Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, ,69 .pp 149-50; Christopher egaP (1974), 'An
Aspect of Medieval Fiddle Construction', Early Music, ,2 .pp 166-67; Peter Downey (1984),
'The Renaissance Slide Trumpet: Fact or Fiction?', Early Music, ,21 .pp 26-33; Herbert .W
Myers (1989), 'Slide Trumpet Madness: Fact or Fiction?', Early Music, ,71 .pp 382-89;
Keith Polk (1989), 'The Trombone, the Slide Trumpet and the Ensemble Tradition of the
Early Renaissance', Early Music, ,71 .pp 389-97; ssoR .W niffuD ( ,)9891 'The trompette des
menestrels ni the 15th-century alta capella', Early Music, ,71 .pp ;204--793 Lloyd Hibberd
( ,)6491 'On "Instrumental Style" ni Early Melody', Musical Quarterly, 32, .pp I 07-30.
Societe Belge ed Musicologie for the essay: EdmundA. Bowles (1958), 'Musical Instruments
ta the Medieval Banquet', Revue Beige ed Musicologie, ,21 .pp 41-51.
Images
Biblioteca Civica for the image: Plate .9 Lady playing the harp yb Giovannino de'Grassi;
Bergamo, Biblioteca Civica, MS ~'VII, ,41 .f 3v (reproduced y b permission of the library).
Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana for the image: Plate .2 A man playing a harp to a swan;
Florence, Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, SM Ashburnham 321 (50), 1.f v (reproduced yb
permission ofthe library).
Bibliotheque Royale ed Belgique for the image: Fig. .01 Astronomical clock (left), linkwork
(centre), and carillon with a striking mechanism (right). From L'Horloge de Sapience
(Bibliotheque Royale ed Belgique, Brussels, MS VT ,111 .lof .).v31
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford for the images: Angel lutenist with other musicians.
From the translation ofBartholomaeus Angelicus' De Proprietatibus Rerum yb .J Corbichon,
revised by .P Ferget (Proprieties sed choses, Lyons, .)1941 Detail from prefactory woodcut to
Book .2 on God and the angels. Reproduced yb permission from Oxford, Bodleian Library,
Auct. I. Q.3.35; A lutenist leading men and women ni a dance in the sixth age of the world.
From .H Schedel, Liber Cronicarum (1493), .r712.f The accompanying text includes the
sentence Cum in traiecto hominess ultriusque sex su super pontem core si ca vanitatibus operam
daren't ('In crossing over the bridge people of both sexes give themselves over to dances and
vainglory'). Reproduced yb permission from Oxford, Bodleian Library, Douce 304.
British Library for the image: Figure .4 yB permission of The British .yrarbiL U-shaped
trumpet (detail) morf na historiated Paduan Bible (late fourteenth century). British ,yrarbiL
Add. SM 15277, .lof ,43 image XXIII.
Cambridge University Press for the image: Fig. .8 Reconstruction of the escapement
mechanism ofSu Sung's clock. From .J Needham, .W Ling and .D Price, Heavenly Clockwork
(New :kroY Cambridge University Press, .)0591
Chantilly, musee Conde for the image: etalP .7 Coronation of the nigriV with saints and angels
yb Giovanni lad Ponte, 141 ;0 Copyright © RMN/ Harry Brejat.
Instruments and their cisuM ni eht elddiM Ages xi
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH for the images: Figure I. S-shaped trumpet (detail)
from the sruoH of Charles eht Noble (ca.l405). Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from
the .rM and Mrs. William .H Marlatt Fund. 64.40, .lof 316r. All photos from this manuscript
reproduced with permission; Figure .2 U-shaped trumpet (detail) from the sruoH of Charles
eht ,elboN .lof I 06v.; Figure .3 U-shaped trumpet (detail) from the sruoH of Charles eht ,elboN
.lof 271r.; Figure .7 Barrel-bell instrument (detail) from the sruoH ofCharles eht ,elboN fol.
52v.; Figure .8 Barrel-bell instrument (detail) from the sruoH of Charles eht ,elboN .lof 53v.;
Figure .9 Barrel-bell instrument (detail) from the sruoH of Charles eht ,elboN .lof 101v.;
Figure .01 Barrel-bell instrument (detail) from the sruoH of Charles eht ,elboN .lof ;.v811
Figure .21 Barrel-bell instrument (detail) from the sruoH of Charles eht ,elboN .lof 240v.
Direktion der Bayerischen Staatsgemaldesammlungen for the image: Plate .5 Assumption of
eht nigriV by Lippo Memmi or Simone Martini (or Martini's Avignon workshop); Munich,
Alte Pinakothek (reproduced by permission of the Gallery).
Durham Cathedral Library for the image: The Durham Crwth Durham Cathedral Library, MS
Hunter I 00, .F 6 Copyright © Durham Cathedral.
2 v.
Gymnasium Casimirianum, Coburg for the image: Fig. .4 Doucemelle. From Otto von Passau,
"24 Old Men of the Apocalypse" (detail) (Gymnasium Casimirianum, Coburg, MS 8789, fol.
3 .).r
Museum Boijmans naV Beuningen, Rotterdam for the image: .giF .2 Clavichord-type
instrument. From Geertgen tot Sint Jans, "Glorification ofthe Virgin" (detail).
National Library of the Czech Republic for the image: .3 (p. 167) Angel musician, early
ht41 century Velislav Bible. Prague University Library MS 412 .lof .r27 Courtesy of the
Librarian.
The Pierpont Morgan Library, Photographic credit for the images: Figure .5 Barrell-bell
shawm in "Ahasuerus's Feast" (detail) from Speculum humanae salvationis (ca.1400). The
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, MS M.766, fol.64. Reproduced with permission; Figure
.31 Barrel-bell instrument in "The Court ofKublai Khan" (detail) from Le Livre des merveilles
d'Asie (ca.1400). The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, MS M.723, fol.l45. Reproduced
with permission.
StJohn's College, Cambridge for the image: .4 .p( 167) Reinmar the fiddler, ht41 century St
John's College, Cambridge. MS B 81 .lof .1 Courtesy of the Librarian.
Thames and Hudson for the image: Plate .01 Virgin and Child with angels by a Pisan follower
of Tadeo di Bartolo (homeless) (after Berenson, Homeless paintings, by permission of the
publishers). From Berenson, 'Homeless Paintings of the Renaissance', Thames and Hudson,
Ltd., London, 1969.
Universitatsbibliothek Heidelberg for the image: I. .p( 166) Modem Greek lyra Manessische
Liederhandschrift. Heidelberg University library col. Pal. Germ. 848 .lof 312r. Courtesy of
the Librarian.