Instructional Guide for The ArcGIS Imagery Book Answer Guide 01 Imagery Is Visible Intelligence

72 Pages·2017·1 MB·English

by  Julia Nelson

Instructional Guide for The ArcGIS Imagery Book
Answer Guide
Below are sample answers. The answers can vary 1 percent to 2 percent for exact quantities
and more for answers that have been obtained from online digitizing.
01 Imagery Is Visible Intelligence: A geographic Rosetta stone
Activity 1.1: Show me my home! 2005: The human era of GIS begins
5. List the layers in the Contents pane.
World Imagery Metadata—30 cm
World Imagery Metadata—60 cm
World Imagery Metadata
Imagery with Labels
6-Q1. Write a description of the local area.
The area consists of developed land with open spaces. There are constructed buildings,
but lots of the surfaces are grass or other types of vegetation.
7-Q2. Write a description of the landscape features within the Nairobi administrative
boundary.
The city of Nairobi is surrounded by the Nairobi National Park to the south, the Ngong
forest to the east, and the Kanura Forest to the north. In the eastern part of the city, a water
treatment can be seen by its geometric rectangles.
8-Q3. Write a description of Kenya.
Kenya has a varied geography. It has an eastern coastline on the Indian Ocean and as
you go inland there is arid land to the north and a lush fertile corner in the southwest.
9-Q4. Write a description of Africa.
Africa is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. The Sahara Desert is in the north, the Savannas or Grasslands are in central
Africa, and the rain forest or the Congo is in the south.
Activity 1.2: Three-dimensional scenes: Where and what?
6. Complete the chart by adding the region and selecting a description from the
choices given.
Location Region Description
Mount St. Helens WA Last erupted July 10, 2008
Mount Whitney CA Highest summit in contiguous US
Grand Canyon AZ Caused by 277-mile river eroding
Bell Rock AZ Butte composed of sedimentary rock
Horseshoe Bend AZ A hairpin turn in the Colorado River
Meteor Crater AZ Meteorite
Bowknot Bend UT Sector of the Green River canyon that doubles back
on itself
Devil’s Tower WY One of a kind flat-topped volcanic formation
Venice Lagoon Italy Enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea
Mount Blanc Italy Highest mountain in the Alps
Mount Vesuvius Italy Only active volcano in mainland Europe
Ayres Rock Australia Massive sandstone monolith that is sacred to
indigenous inhabitants
Diamond Head Hawaii Name of a volcanic cone on the Island of Oahu
The Badlands SD Dramatic landscapes inhabited by bison, bighorn
sheep, and prairie dogs
Guitar Shaped Argentina Farm shaped like a guitar as tribute to wife who
died
World’s Largest Chile Largest swimming pool in the world
Star Fort Netherlands Fort built in a style during the age of gunpowder
cannon battlefields
Potash Ponds UT Evaporation ponds near Moab
Activity 1.3: Imagery is beautiful: Earth as Art favorites
3. Select your five favorite images from the collection and explain why each is a
favorite by using descriptive words about at least three of these image elements: line, tone,
shape, movement, contrast, and color.
Image number Why do you like it?
Answers will vary Answers will vary
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Lesson 1-1: Obtaining information from imagery: Measuring the Rondônia rain forest
6-Q1 What are the major cities in Rondônia?
The major cities are Anquemes, Jaru, Ji-Parana, Porto Velho, Cacoal, and Vilhena.
6-Q2 Zoom into the city areas. Describe the urban areas.
The urban landscape consists of some buildings, roads, and rows of houses.
9. After clicking the Area icon, digitize around the country by selecting points and
creating a polygon. When the polygon is complete, record the area.
Total area of Rondônia: 91,782 sq. miles.
10. Zoom in and digitize around the areas of Rondônia that have been deforested by
clear-cutting. You need to digitize several polygons and add the areas together for a total.
Total area of deforestation: 40,263 sq. miles.
Total area of Rondônia/total area of deforestation × 100 = 44% of deforested land.
15-Q3. Write a description of the deforested land using the Moisture Index legend.
The deforested land is much drier than the surrounding areas, with some of the areas
recording a very dry index.
16. Follow the same procedure to digitize around the deforested region and perform
the calculation percentage of clear-cutting again. You may use the total area of Rondônia that
you obtained previously.
Total area of Rondônia: 91,782 sq. miles.
Total area of deforestation: 39,104 sq. miles.
Total area of Rondônia/total area of deforestation ×100 = 43% of deforested land.
Lesson 1-2: Layering contemporary imagery with historical maps
Identifying coordinates for historic locations in New York’s Central Park
9. Zoom in to the area of Central Park as delineated by your Central Park map note.
Using the legend symbology, make a list of area features from 1836 that later became Central
Park.
▪ Streets: 86th St., Harsens Road
▪ Two military forts
▪ A powder house
▪ Public buildings (sparse)
▪ Ornamental gardens and squares
▪ Hills
▪ Running streams
▪ Marshland
▪ A two-section reservoir
▪ Fruit trees, orchards
▪ Delineation of future planned streets and avenues
10. Use the Measure tool to determine the coordinates of each of the following
locations in the Central Park area in 1836. Simply click the Measure tool, the Location tool,
and the appropriate location on the map to find its latitude and longitude.
▪ Powder House 40.768908, −73.97315
▪ Fort Clinton 40.794726, −73.952658
▪ Fort Fish 40.795019, −73.954439
▪ The Receiving Reservoir 40.781144, −73.966884
▪ Woods (one or more areas) 40.797715, −73.956585
▪ An orchard (one or more areas) 40.790665, −73.96398
▪ Marshland 40.786636, −73.961327
The ArcGIS Imagery Book, chapter 1
Questions for reading comprehension, reflection, and discussion
1. What advances in the use of imagery for intelligence and reconnaissance were
developed during World War II?
Offset photography (pairs of photographs of the same area of interest) produced
imagery that appeared three dimensional when viewed through 3D glasses. These 3D aerial
photographs enabled analysts to identify precise locations of highly camouflaged rocket
technology developed by Germany.
2. What can satellite imagery reveal that photography cannot?
Satellite imagery employs sensors that detect both visible (to the human eye) and
nonvisible information such as infrared and near-infrared energy. This expanded “view” enables
us to better understand Earth processes and changes over time and to thus make more fully
informed decisions about the critical issues facing Earth and all its life-forms.
3. Imagery has a wide range of uses and applications. What are some of the unique
insights and capabilities that we derive from the use of imagery?
▪ Continuously expanding collection of information about virtually everything on or near
the earth’s surface.
▪ Observation of change over time.
▪ Constantly improving technology facilitates ever-growing potential uses for imagery:
before-and-after views for disaster response, rapid exploitation of newly collected
imagery, image interpretation and classification, and the ability to derive intelligence.
▪ Raster format enables rich analysis, insights, and perspectives.
4. Imagery processing systems and GIS have common characteristics that allow them
to work together today in ArcGIS. What are some of those shared characteristics?
▪ Both systems founded on geography; Information sets for both need to be geospatial.
▪ Information is organized as geographical layers.
▪ Information layers are georeferenced so they can be combined, mashed up, and overlaid
with other layers.
5. Look at the various maps that are linked from this chapter in 01 Imagery Is Visible
Intelligence. Identify and briefly describe uses of modern imagery that these maps reflect.
▪ Observing seasonal patterns of moisture and vegetation
▪ Monitoring moisture levels on Earth
▪ Forecasting and tracking daily weather
▪ Identifying global land cover (densities or types of developed areas, agricultural lands,
and natural vegetation regimes)
▪ Revealing distance to water supply for people living in remote regions
02 The Nature of Remote Sensing: Information gathered from a distance
Activity 2.1: Satellite Map: The constellation of Earth-orbiting satellites
3. Identify by number the country satellites
3,725 American Satellites
3,285 Chinese Satellites
5,261 Russian Satellites
4. Watch the video referenced at the beginning of the chapter, and then complete the
chart below.
Satellite Type Owner Passive/Active # of satellites
GPS NavStar US Active 31
Landsat Spectral USGS/NASA Active 2

Before you complete the chart below, you should define the following words:
Elliptical orbit—paths taken by satellites around Earth, sometimes referred to as
elongated circles or ovals.
Perigee—point of an orbit when the satellite is closest to Earth.
Apogee—point of an orbit when the satellite is farthest away from Earth.
Geosynchronous orbit—an orbit around the earth with the orbital period exactly the
rotation period of Earth, which is one day.
Geostationary orbit—an orbit directly above Earth’s equator that revolves in the same
direction the earth rotates.
Orbit Name Shape Distance from Earth Number of Satellites
Low Earth circular 2,000 km 10,604
Medium Earth elliptical 2,000–10,000 km 664
Geosynchronous elliptical 10,000 km 996
Geostationary elliptical 10,000 km 323
High Earth elliptical 10,000–500,000 km 52

5. How many man-made objects are junk? Junk consists of spent rocket boosters or
debris from satellite collisions. Calculate the percentage of manmade objects that are junk.
10,589/13,926 × 100 = 76%.
6. List the countries in order of the number of satellites they have launched.
Australia: 1
Canada: 5
Japan: 57
France: 364
United States: 2,892
China: 3,107
Russia: 3,956
7. How many satellites have been launched by decade that are considered Not Junk?
1950–1960: 2
1960–1970: 1,274
1970–1980: 1,463
1980–1990: 1,307
1990–2000: 5,290
2000–2010: 644
2010–2020: 351
Activity 2.2: Natural color: Image resolution versus ground accuracy
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for the following locations and complete the chart below:
Name Date Resolution (m) Accuracy (m) Data Source
Washington, DC April 23, 2015 0.08 m 0.30 m DC Aerial Photography
Ayres Rock, Australia August 31, 2012 0.50 m 10.20 m WV02
Machu Picchu, Peru July 9, 2013 0.50 m 8.40 m WV02
Moscow, Russia May 20, 2012 0.50 m 10.00 m Pleriades
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil July 6, 2013 0.50 m 10.00 m Pleriades
Cape Town, Africa October 13, 2013 0.50 m 10.00 m Pleriades
Reykjavik, Iceland May 20, 2012 0.50 m 4.25 m WV02