Institutional Crisis in 21st-Century Britain PDF
Preview Institutional Crisis in 21st-Century Britain
UnderstandingGovernanceSeries GeneralEditor:R.A.W.Rhodes,ProfessorofGovernment,UniversityofTasmaniaandDistinguished ProfessorofPoliticalScience,AustralianNationalUniversity UnderstandingGovernanceencompassesalltheoreticalapproachestothestudyofgovernmentand governanceinadvancedindustrialdemocracies.Ithasthreelong-standingobjectives: 1.tounderstandtheprocessofchange; 2.todeveloptheorytoexplainwhychangeoccurs;and 3.tosetthischangeanditscausesincomparativeperspective. Theseriesincludestitlesthatadoptpost-structuralandpost-modernapproachestopoliticalsci- enceandchallengesuchnotionsashollowing-out,governance,coreexecutives,policynetworks andthenewinstitutionalism.Italsopublishesmaterialwithtraditionalinstitutionalandhistorical approachestosuchtopicsasprimeministers,ministers,thecivilserviceandgovernmentdepart- ments.Alltitlesnotonlymeettheconventionalstandardoftheoreticalandempiricalrigourbut alsoseektoaddresstopicsofbroadcurrentinterestthatopenthefieldofstudytonewideasand areasofinvestigation. Titlesinclude: AnikaGauja THEPOLITICSOFPARTYPOLICY FromMemberstoLegislators MichaelRushandPhilipGiddings PARLIAMENTARYSOCIALISATION LearningtheRopesorDeterminingBehaviour? Paul’tHartandJohnUhr(editors) HOWPOWERCHANGESHANDS TransitionandSuccessioninGovernment RobertHazell,BenWorthyandMarkGlover THEIMPACTOFTHEFREEDOMONINFORMATIONACTONCENTRALGOVERNMENT INTHEUK DoesFOIWork? DavidRichards,MartinSmithandColinHay(editors) INSTITUTIONALCRISISIN21st-CENTURYBRITAIN AnnScott ERNESTGOWERS PlainWordsandForgottenDeeds ChrisSkelcher,HelenSullivanandStephenJeffares HYBRIDGOVERNANCEINEUROPEANCITIES Neighbourhood,MigrationandDemocracy KevinTheakston AFTERNUMBER10 FormerPrimeMinistersinBritishPolitics TitlespreviouslypublishedintheTransformingGovernmentseriesinclude: SimonBulmer,MartinBurch,CaitríonaCarter,PatriciaHogwoodandAndrewScott BRITISHDEVOLUTIONANDEUROPEANPOLICY-MAKING TransformingBritaintoMulti-LevelGovernance NicholasDeakinandRichardParry THETREASURYANDSOCIALPOLICY TheContestforControlofWelfareStrategy NeilC.M.ElderandEdwardC.Page ACCOUNTABILITYANDCONTROLINNEXTSTEPSAGENCIES OliverJames THEEXECUTIVEAGENCYREVOLUTIONINWHITEHALL PublicInterestVersusBureau-ShapingPerspectives DavidMarsh,DavidRichardsandMartinJ.Smith CHANGINGPATTERNSOFGOVERNANCEINTHEUNITEDKINGDOM ReinventingWhitehall? IainMcLean THEFISCALCRISISOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOM EdwardC.PageandVincentWright(editors) FROMTHEACTIVETOTHEENABLINGSTATE TheChangingRoleofTopOfficialsinEuropeanNations HughPemberton POLICYLEARNINGANDBRITISHGOVERNANCEINTHE1960s B.GuyPeters,R.A.W.RhodesandVincentWright(editors) ADMINISTERINGTHESUMMIT AdministrationoftheCoreExecutiveinDevelopedCountries R.A.W.Rhodes(editor) TRANSFORMINGBRITISHGOVERNMENT VolumeOne:ChangingInstitutions VolumeTwo:ChangingRolesandRelationships DavidRichards NEWLABOURANDTHECIVILSERVICE ReconstitutingtheWestminsterModel MartinJ.Smith THECOREEXECUTIVEINBRITAIN KevinTheakston LEADERSHIPINWHITEHALL KevinTheakston(editor) BUREAUCRATSANDLEADERSHIP PatrickWeller,HermanBakvisandR.A.W.Rhodes(editors) THEHOLLOWCROWN CountervailingTrendsinCoreExecutives UnderstandingGovernanceSeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–333–71580–2 (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder.Please contactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwithyournameand address,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG216XS,England Institutional Crisis in 21st-Century Britain Editedby David Richards ProfessorofPublicPolicy,DepartmentofPolitics,UniversityofManchester,UK Martin Smith ProfessorofPolitics,DepartmentofPolitics,DerwentCollege,UniversityofYork,UK and Colin Hay ProfessorofGovernmentandComparativePublicPolicyatSciencesPo,Paris,France Selectionandeditorialmatter©DavidRichards,MartinSmith andColinHay2014 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-33438-1 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-46269-8 ISBN 978-1-137-33439-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137334398 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Dedicated to the memory of Steve Buckler (1960–2013) This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofTablesandFigures ix PrefaceandAcknowledgements x NotesonContributors xiii Introduction:ACrisisinUKInstitutions? 1 DavidRichardsandMartinSmith Part I AThematicApproachtoCrisis 1 ACrisisofExpectation 15 DavidRichards 2 ACrisisofParticipation 39 SadiyaAkram,DavidMarshandBrendanMcCaffrie 3 ACrisisofPoliticsinthePoliticsofCrisis 60 ColinHay Part II SurveyingInstitutionsinCrisis 4 ACrisisofParliament 81 DavidJudge 5 ACrisisofPoliticalParties 101 MartinSmith 6 ACrisisofWhitehall 125 PatrickDiamond 7 ACrisisoftheUnion 148 PaulCairney 8 ACrisisofEurope 166 CharlesDannreutherandSimonLightfoot 9 ACrisisoftheFinancialSector 181 HelenThompson vii viii Contents 10 ACrisisofRegulation 198 DanielFitzpatrickandAdamWhite 11 ACrisisoftheMedia 218 RalphNegrine 12 ACrisisofPolicing 238 LaylaSkinns Conclusion:AprèsleDeluge?Crisis,ContinuityandChange inUKInstitutions 256 DavidRichards,MartinSmithandColinHay References 273 Index 304 Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Changesinperceptionsofgovernmentresponsibility 1985–2006 29 5.1 SocialbackgroundofMPs1979–2010 114 7.1 ScottishParliamentelectionresults1999–2011 153 7.2 SupportforScotlandasanindependentcountry 155 7.3 Supportforanegotiatedindependencesettlement, 2007–12 155 10.1 RedTapeChallengeApril2011–May2012 212 11.1 CirculationofnationalnewspapersintheUK (inthousands) 225 Figures 0.1 Percentagewho‘almostnever’trustUKgovernments (ofanyparty)toplacetheneedsofthenationabovethe interestsoftheirownpoliticalparty 2 0.2 TrustinUKinstitutions 3 5.1 PercentagevoteofLabourandConservativeParties since1945 107 5.2 Strongpartyidentifiers1964–2005 107 5.3 Non-votersbyagegroup1964–2005 108 5.4 Meannumberofpartymembersperconstituency 1992–2005 112 6.1 UKstatespending1997–2015 137 6.2 UKgrosspublicdebt1976–2015 138 6.3 PercentagereductionsinFTEstaffinWhitehallsince 2010 139 7.1 Constitutionalpreferences1997–2011 154 9.1 Attitudestogovernmenthandlingofbankssincethe financialcrisis 193 9.2 Attitudestobankbehavioursince2008 194 11.1 Circulationbysector1960–2010 225 ix
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