Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56. October 2017 Hello Everybody

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Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

October 2017

Hello Everybody
It gives me please to bring you the latest selection of news items from the World’s media.
There has been little reported on Anatomy, but a great deal on Pathology, Zoology etc. I hope you will find
something to interest you.
As always I remind you the News Supplement is not intended to be a scientific journal, but it is simply to
show you what is being discussed so that you may ‘follow up’ on any item that is of particulal interest to
you.
This News Supplement and its sister publication, the IAS News Magazine, are produced by members for
members so if you see anything of interest please send it to me or send me the web address.
My best wishes to you all
John Ben, News editor
Please visit the IAS website: http://www.anatomical-sciences.org.uk/
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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

News items from around the World
October 2017
Issue Contents:

3 The human cost of the pressures of postdoctoral research
5 Yemen cholera epidemic: Cases exceed 500,000 in four months
6 'Frankenstein dinosaur' mystery solved
9 Rare white moose pictured by Swedish explorer after three-year search
10 Meningitis jab uptake 'worryingly low'
11 Workers Uncover Centuries-Old Vault Beneath NYC With A Shocking Discovery Inside
17 Italy official defends killing rare bear after man mauled
18 Matt Dawson: I had to have heart surgery after a tick bite
20 Monsters
22 'Safer' Down's syndrome test to be introduced in Wales
23 Comprehensive genomic analysis offers insights into causes of Wilms tumor development
24 Clinical Study Shows That Retinal Imaging May Detect Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease
25 Study provides scientific basis for using noninvasive eye imaging to detect pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s.
27 Amazon study discovers 381 new species in two-year period
29 Kap-Dwa
30 India swine flu death toll rises above 1,000 this year
31 Meet the World’s Newest Pig-Nosed Purple Frog
32 Turning the dead into vinyl records
34 MISSOURI ABORTION MILL SUED FOR PITCHING DEAD BABY
35 What happens in the brain to make us 'catch' yawns
36 Alzheimer's Pathology: Inflammation Leads to Devastation
38 Trial raises Parkinson's therapy hope
39 First cancer 'living drug' gets go-ahead
40 Picking the brain of Santiago Ramon y Cajal
45 Biologist Ernst Haeckel's images shown at The Deep
47 Retinal Plaques May Enable Noninvasive Screening for AD
49 Plants 'hijacked' to make polio vaccine
50 Artificial intelligence is aiding pathologists
51 New camera can see through human body
52 Dengue, chikungunya cases on the rise in Hazara
53 Pompeii Hero Pliny the Elder May Have Been Found 2,000 Years Later
57 Donated bodies benefit UA medical students
58 Philly Med Student Creates Introductory Program For New Students
59 Reporter was locked in mental hospital for 10 days, when her true identity was revealed, the doctors were shocked
60 3D Embryo Models and anatomy delineations
61 The diver who swelled up to double his size after getting the bends: Seafood worker was left horribly deformed after rising too quickly from the depths
64 Cellphone radiation may cause male infertility – Expert
65 Japanese fungus spreading in UK hospitals
66 Apology over Indian blood donation 'embarrassment'
67 Secret life of the dodo revealed
69 Anatomy and physiology of ageing 8: the reproductive system
74 Anatomy Lab LIVE returns to Cardiff and this is when you can see it
75 'Pen' identifies cancer in 10 seconds
76 Forget the wandering warrior: Bronze Age women travelled the world while men stayed at home
77 Spiral drawing test detects signs of Parkinson's
78 Does the UK need a human 'body farm'?
80 Baby Orangutan Is Found ‘Mummified’ In Box, Then Rescuers Perform Unbelievable Transformation
82 Museum A ‘Tangible Reminder’ Of Indiana’s Mental Health History
83 'Elephant Man' Joseph Merrick letter in Leicester display
85 The human skull that challenges the Out of Africa theory
87 Ian Paterson: Spire Healthcare to pay out £27m to victims
88 Georgian-era STI data shows rural-urban divide in Cheshire
89 Scientists split over snow leopard status
90 Snow leopard off endangered list
91 Girl's donated organs help a record eight people
93 Iconic Viking warrior was a woman, DNA test confirms
95 Sponsors of the IAS

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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

The Guardian
The human cost of the pressures of
postdoctoral research
A paper on conformal algebra has recently caused a stir on social media. Not because
of the science, but rather the heartfelt plea in the acknowledgements
Pete Etchells Friday 11 August 2017
Every scientist knows how difficult it is to get a research
paper published; reviewers may take exception to the
way a study might have been run, or the way the data are
analysed, or how the results have been interpreted. It’s
part of the process, and hopefully, the end point is a
more scientifically useful paper, something that adds
new meaning to a research discipline.
When Oliver Rosten sent a new paper to the Journal of

High Energy Physics (JHEP), ultimately it wasn’t
Postdoctoral research can be an isolating experience
rejected because of the science – this was deemed sound.

It was because of the acknowledgement:

Acknowled gement that appears in Oliver Rosten’s recent EPJ C paper. Photograph: Pete Etchells/European Physical
Journal C
Rosten met Francis Dolan in 2006, when they were both working on two-year fellowships funded by the Irish
Research Council. “We got on well from the start – we had the same sense of humour, and became pretty close
friends,” recalls Rosten. “But both of us for different reasons found our time in Dublin to be very stressful.”
Indeed, Rosten has since taken a job outside of academia.
Compounding this was a long-term history of depression. “Francis suffered for all of his adult life from depression
– I think manic depression,” explains Rosten. “He had staggering creativity as part of that. When he was in the
groove, he had these staggering work benders, disappearing for a period, and then emerging with some
remarkable new result.”
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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

For academics with depression, the student
feedback process is hell
Anonymous Academic
The postdoctoral period is one of the most difficult in the academic career ladder. Very often, researchers in these
positions live on a cycle of short contracts that give them as little as six months to work on a project. It can end up
being an extremely isolating experience, especially if it requires a move to a different city or country. Over the
course of five years, Dolan held positions in Cambridge, Dublin, Southampton, Amsterdam and Crete, most of
which meant living away from his partner.
Around the time he started his stint in Crete, Dolan died by suicide in 2011, at the age of 34. Rosten firmly believes
that the nature of the postdoctoral system contributed to Dolan’s death. “There’s this backdrop of short-term
contracts, which can often be poorly paid in absolute terms,” he says. “Then this constant moving is a key thing,
particularly for those suffering from mental health issues, because basically every couple of years your entire
support network can disappear overnight.”
Most work on mental health issues in universities tends to focus on undergraduate or postgraduate students. Yet
despite forming the backbone of most academic research, postdocs are often completely missing from this
research. That being said, there is some evidence that in comparison to other occupational groups, the overall
mental health of those working in academic is relatively poor – in particular, levels of depression and anxiety tend
to be inflated. A Guardian survey in 2014 of 2500 academics with self-reported mental health issues suggested
that 66% of people agreed that their problems were directly related to their university work. Similarly, two-thirds
reported that they had not spoken to anyone in a senior position about their mental health.
Given the lack of data, a recent report commissioned by the Royal Society and Wellcome Trust has argued for the
need for more research specifically on the prevalence of psychological distress in postdoctoral populations.
Alongside this, it pushes for the development of a standard model for assessing stress and psychological distress
in research environments, with a view to developing better quality interventions.
Rosten would like to see more done at the university level. “Part of the thing that I would really like to see change
is every institution have staff whose sole role it is to help the postdoctoral community, particularly at the start, and
particularly in terms of training in mental health issues,” he says. One role that these sorts of staff members could
have is to make sure that the transition between institutions at the start and end of postdoctoral contacts ensures
continuity of mental health care provision – although this idea isn’t without its own issues surrounding logistics

and confidentiality.
As for Rosten’s rejection from JHEP, a terse email from the handling editor convinced him to withdraw the paper.
“They asked for the acknowledgement to be changed, and I said that I couldn’t do it – it’s an important part of the
work for me,” he explains. The editor’s email, in many ways, summed up many of the problems that Rosten was
trying to highlight:
I think the first phrase is too much: I guess there were more basic problems in Dolan’s life than the pressure put
by physics work. Certainly people, say in businness [sic], behave more brutally than in academia. The second
phrase could be OK but a bit out of place: in a scientific paper we discuss about science, not about life.
After a number of other rejections, some based on the scientific content, some based again on the
acknowledgement, he eventually decided to contact handling editors directly to see if they would consider keeping
the acknowledgment intact if it were to be accepted. “One journal ignored me, but the next journal I came to sent
me an incredibly supportive email and said absolutely, this is a really important thing to say.” The paper was
published in the European Physical Journal C in July. Rosten is ambivalent about the journey. “Because I wasn’t
in academia, I had the luxury of knowing that when I was withdrawing the paper from each journal that it couldn’t
harm my career. I’m certain that I would have made the same decision if I was in academia, but realistically I
would have paid a price for it.”
When they parted ways after their time together in Dublin, Rosten and Dolan would send each other long emails
every few months to keep in touch. Shortly before he died, Rosten was planning on sending him a message – but
job interviews got in the way. He explained to me that he will always regret not having the chance to send that last
email. Hindsight often has a way of leaving us with indelible marks in this way. But the message in Rosten’s
acknowledgement, now a permanent fixture in the scientific record, is perhaps a fitting legacy to the memory of
his friend.
In the UK, the Samaritans can be contacted on 116 123. In the US, the National Suicide Prevention Hotline is 1-800-273-8255.
In Australia, the crisis support service Lifeline is on 13 11 14. Hotlines in other countries can be found here.
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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

Middle East


Yemen cholera epidemic: Cases exceed
500,000 in four months
 14 August 2017

The number of suspected cases of cholera
resulting from an epidemic in war-torn
Yemen has reached 500,000, the World
Health Organization (WHO) says. At least
1,975 people have died since the waterborne
disease began to spread rapidly at the end of
April. The WHO said the overall caseload
had declined since July, but that 5,000
people a day were still being infected.
The disease spread due to deteriorating hygiene
and sanitation conditions and disruptions to the
water supply. More than 14 million people are
cut off from regular access to clean water and
sanitation in Yemen, and waste collection has
More than 99% of people infected who can access health services are surviving ceased in major cities.

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera.
Most of those infected will have no or mild symptoms but, in severe cases, the disease can kill within hours if left untreated.
More than a quarter of those who have died and 41% of those who have been infected have been children, according to the
UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Yemen's health service has struggled to cope with the cholera epidemic - currently the largest in the world - with more than
half of all medical facilities closed due to damage sustained during more than two years of conflict between pro-government
forces and the rebel Houthi movement.

The WHO said shortages in medicines and
supplies were persistent and widespread,
and that 30,000 health workers had not been
paid in almost a year.
"Yemen's health workers are operating in
impossible conditions," said the WHO's
director general, Dr Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus. "Thousands of people are
sick, but there are not enough hospitals, not
enough medicines, not enough clean water.
These doctors and nurses are the backbone
of the health response - without them we
can do nothing in Yemen. They must be
paid their wages so that they can continue to

save lives."
The reality of life in Yemen

The WHO's director of emergency operations, Rick Brennan, meanwhile told the BBC that despite the "downward trend" in
the number of cases, the rainy season might result in "spikes" during August and September.
Dr Tedros called on all sides in Yemen's conflict, which has killed more than 8,160 people and injured 46,330 since March
2015, to urgently find a political solution.
"The people of Yemen cannot bear it much longer - they need peace to rebuild their lives and their country," he added.

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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

Science & Environment


'Frankenstein dinosaur' mystery solved
By Pallab Ghosh Science correspondent, BBC News 16 August 2017

About the size of a large dog: Chilesaurus was unearthed in South America
Scientists have solved the puzzle of the so-called "Frankenstein dinosaur", which seems to consist of body parts from
unrelated species. A new study suggests that it is in fact the missing link between plant-eating dinosaurs, such
as Stegosaurus, and carnivorous dinosaurs, like T. rex. The finding provides fresh insight on the evolution of the group of
dinos known as the ornithischians. The study is published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

Cambridge University's Matt Baron tells Today that the new dinosaur fills a family tree gap
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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

Matthew Baron, a PhD student at Cambridge University, told BBC News that his assessment indicated that the Frankenstein
dinosaur was one of the very first ornithischians, a group that included familiar beasts such as the horned Triceratops,
and Stegosaurus which sported an array of bony plates along its back. "We had absolutely no idea how the ornithischian body
plan started to develop because they look so different to all the other dinosaurs. They have so many unusual features," the
Cambridge scientist said. "In the 130 years since the ornithischian group was first recognised, we have never had any concept
of how the first ones could have looked until now."

Chilesaurus lived at the end of the Jurassic Period, approximately 145 million years ago

The Frankenstein dinosaur, more properly called Chilesaurus, puzzled experts when it was first discovered two years ago.
It had the legs of an animal like a Brontosaurus, the hips of a Stegosaurus, and the arms and body of an animal
like Tyrannosaurus rex. Scientists simply did not know where it fitted in the dino family tree.
In the currently accepted family tree, the ornithischian group was always thought to be completely unrelated to all of the
other dinosaurs. Palaeontologists regarded these creatures as an odd-ball group. But a reassessment by Mr Baron published in
March in the journal Nature indicated that ornithischians were more closely related to the meat-eaters, such as T.rex, than
previously thought.
And it is in re-configuring the dinosaur family tree that Mr Baron transforms the Frankenstein dinosaur from an enigma into a
missing link.
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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

"Now that we think ornithischians and meat-eating dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus are related, Chilesaurus slots exactly in
between the two groups. It is a perfect half-and-half mix. So, suddenly in the new tree it makes a whole lot of sense."
The alternative version of the dinosaur family tree, now called the "Baron tree", is more than just a rearrangement, however.
It sheds new light on how different groups of dinosaurs split from one another and evolved along different paths, adds co-
author Prof Paul Barrett from London's Natural History Museum. "Chilesaurus is there at the beginning of one of these big
splits and hopefully by understanding more about its biology it will tell us what the driving factors might have been."

Prof Barrett and Mr Baron both believe that their re-
configured tree could well replace the current
dinosaur family tree which has stood the test of time
for more than 130 years. The Baron tree is
controversial and has its critics. But if it provides
further instances where it can smooth the
relationships between different dinosaur groups then
its supporters will grow. Mr Baron thinks the
rescuing of Chilesaurus from its Frankenstein status
could be just the first of a series reappraisals.
"We've landed a good punch against the counter
argument here. This is a very good step towards my
main objective which is to try to really nail down
the ornithischian lineage because I think we've been
completely misunderstanding and ignoring this very
important group for far too long. Eventually, we'll
arrive at a consensus. I think this is a step toward

the right model." The horned Triceratops is a classic example of an ornithischian

Prof Sarah Gabbott, from Leicester University, was not involved in the study. She described the new analysis as "--
incredibly important. This is one of those rare fossil discoveries that provides much more evidence to unravel dinosaur
relationships than your average skeleton," she said. "This is because Chilesaurus preserves an unusual suite of characteristics
that are a mix between between the ornithischians and theropods. In particular, its melange of features helps to reveal the
sequence of events during the critical early stages of ornithischian evolution."

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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

Rare white moose pictured by Swedish
explorer after three-year search
Explorer Hans Nilsson filmed the moment in the western county of Värmland on his camera in a video
viewed more than one million times
Jeff Farrell 14th August 2017

An explorer who spent
three years searching for a
glimpse of an extremely
rare white moose in
Sweden finally saw his
luck change for the
better when one of the
animals stumbled into his
path.
Hans Nilsson filmed the
moment on his camera
when he spotted the four-
Experts say there are 100 white moose in Sweden while there are some 400,000 of the more common
breed of the animal legged creature on the
banks of a stream in the
western county of Värmland, in a video he posted online that went viral. The footage shows wthees atenrinm al, ocf owuhnitcyh theroe f
are just 100 in the country, clumsily wading into a deep stream up to its neck before gentlVy äprmuslhainndg, iitnse laf avcirdoesos thoe
other side. posted online that went
viral. The footage shows
Mr Nilsson said: “You see the white moose go down into the water, take some chimps forwatrhde, calnimimba ol,n otfh ew ohtihcehr tshideree
and then bite some leaves and then turn to me and look straight into the camera. It was a garerea tj ufeset l1in0g0 winh tehne ycoouu nsterey ,
such a unique animal that is not at all concerned with people," he added. "It is a stately moosec.l”u msily wading into a
deep stream up to its neck
The video, which lasts for just over a minute, went viral in just hours and has been viewed more than one million times
before gently pushing
while it pulled in some 3,000 comments after it was posted on Facebook.
itself across to other side.
Mr Nilsson said: “There has been a lot of interest and many who like and share. That's because it's so unusual,"
according to a report by Sverige Radio. Much of the frenzy is down to how rare the animal is in Sweden, where
experts estimate there are just 100 compared to over 400,000 of the more common breed.

Many among the thousands who posted on social media platforms after the video went viral joked that the sight of the
creature was so rare that it could spell an apocalypse. Will wrote: “This is the sign of the end times right? It's almost
over?” But Jon Tronc posted: “The ghost moose has come to save us! Or maybe leave presents! It can't be another sign
of the apocalypse. We've had so many of those already.” Gisselle Garcia said: “Thank goodness it's not in America.
Someone here would probably shoot it.”

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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]
Institute of Anatomical Sciences Supplement of World News. No 56.

Health


Meningitis jab uptake 'worryingly low'
Share
School-leavers are putting themselves at risk of
deadly meningitis if they don't take up the offer
to be vaccinated against the disease, nurses are
warning. People living in England who are aged
17 and 18 are eligible for the free jab. The Royal
College of Nursing says only a third took up the
offer last year.
Charlotte Hannibal, now 21, lost both her legs and
all of the fingers on her left hand due to the disease.
She had just started university when she fell ill.

It started with a "headache, a bit of a sore throat", says Charlotte, who is now an ambassador for the Meningitis Research
Foundation. Twenty-four hours later she was admitted to hospital. Doctors treated the infection, but had to amputate.

Older teenagers and new university students are
said to be at particularly high risk of infection
because they are mixing closely with lots of new
people. Coughs, sneezes and kissing can spread it.

The vaccine
The MenACWY jab protects against four strains of
meningococcal disease which cause meningitis and
septicaemia - strains A, C, W and Y.
MenW, the type Charlotte had, is one of the most

aggressive and life-threatening forms and can be
'Meningitis W took both my legs and half my fingers'
fatal. As well as affecting the membranes around
the brain, the infection can cause life-threatening blood poisoning. the brain, the infection can cause life-threatening
blood poisoning.
Officials say there has been a rapid increase in MenW cases across Engla nd, from 22 cases in 2009-10 to 210 in 2015-16.
Young people who have not yet had the MenACWY vaccine remain eligible up to their 25th birthday and should contact their
GP surgery to get immunised.
Year 9 pupils (aged 13 to 14) are also routinely offered the jab in school.

Helen Donovan, from the RCN, said: "Meningitis can be fatal, and can leave those who survive with life-changing
disabilities. Vaccination is quick, easy and free, and offers protection against most strains of the disease, but reaching young
people is not easy.
"Many will have been away over the summer travelling or working before university. But the risk is real and getting
vaccinated saves lives.
"We are urging people to contact their surgeries now and book an appointment with the practice nurse."
Dr Mary Ramsay, head of immunisation at Public Health England, added: "Remain vigilant and seek urgent medical help if
you think someone may be showing signs of infection."

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Editor: John Ben F.I.A.S. Email [email protected]