Instant Notes: Sport and Exercise Psychology PDF
Preview Instant Notes: Sport and Exercise Psychology
Sport and Exercise Psychology The INSTANT NOTES series Series Editor: B.D.Hames, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Animal Biology 2nd edition Ecology 2nd edition Genetics 2nd edition Microbiology 2nd edition Chemistry for Biologists 2nd edition Immunology 2nd edition Biochemistry 2nd edition Molecular Biology 2nd edition Neuroscience Developmental Biology Plant Biology Bioinformatics Sport and Exercise Physiology Chemistry series Consulting Editor: Howard Stanbury Organic Chemistry 2nd edition Inorganic Chemistry 2nd edition Physical Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Psychology series Sub-series Editor: Hugh Wagner, Dept of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Psychology Cognitive Psychology Physiological Psychology Sport and Exercise Psychology Forthcoming titles Sport and Exercise Biomechanics Sport and Exercise Psychology D.F.Shaw Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK T.Gorely Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK and R.M.Corban Waikato Institute of Technology, Centre for Sport and Exercise, Hamittan, New Zealand BIOS Scientific Publishers Taylor & Francis Group © Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2005 First published 2005 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-203-32556-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 1 85996 2947 (Print Edition) Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK and 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA World Wide Web home page: www.garlandscience.com Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers is a member of the Taylor & Francis Group Distributed in the USA by Fulfilment Center Taylor & Francis 10650 Toebben Drive Independence, KY 41051, USA Toll Free Tel.: +1 800 634 7064; E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in Canada by Taylor & Francis 74 Rolark Drive Scarborough, Ontario M1R 4G2, Canada Toll Free Tel.: +1 877 226 2237; E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK Tel: +44 (0)1264 332424; E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shaw, D. (Dave), 1947– Instant notes in sport and exercise psychology/D.Shaw, T.Gorley, and R.Corban. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85996-294-7 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Sports—Psychological aspects. 2. Exercise—Psychological aspects. I. Gorley, T. (Trish) II. Corban, R. (Rod) III. Title. GV706.4.S52 2005 796.01–dc22 2004017152 Production Editor: Andrew Watts CONTENTS Abbreviations ix Preface xii INTRODUCTION Section A Introduction to psychology, sport and exercise A1 Definitions 2 A2 Psychology and common sense 8 A3 The scientific approach 13 A4 Research methods 19 A5 The qualitative-quantitative issue 27 A6 The history of psychology 33 A7 Theoretical perspectives 40 SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY Section B Cognition and motor behavior B1 Vision 50 B2 Indirect and direct theories of motor control 55 B3 Motor learning 63 B4 Attention and concentration in sport 70 B5 Memory and decision making in sport 79 B6 Imagery 84 Section C Motivation C1 Introduction to motivation 90 C2 Cognitive evaluation theory 97 vi C3 Achievement goal theory 103 C4 Attribution theory 109 C5 Confidence 114 C6 Goal-setting theory 121 Section D Moods and emotions D1 Definitions 126 D2 Mood and performance 130 D3 Anxiety: the basics 137 D4 Multi-dimensional anxiety theory 145 D5 Catastrophe theory 151 D6 Reversal theory 159 D7 Other theories 166 Section E Individual differences E1 Introduction to individual differences 171 E2 Personality and sport 177 E3 Problematic issues 182 Section F Interpersonal processes F1 Social cognition 186 F2 Conformity and compliance 197 F3 Obedience to authority 202 F4 Pro-social behavior 207 F5 Anti-social behavior 214 Section G Group processes G1 Groups and teams 223 G2 Social facilitation 231 G3 Social loafing 236 G4 Leadership 241 G5 Cohesiveness 247 vii G6 Group decision making 253 G7 De-individuation 259 G8 Home advantage 264 G9 Inter-group processes 271 EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY Section H Psychological effects of physical activity H1 Psychological well-being 278 H2 Mental health 286 H3 Negative outcomes 292 Section I Motivation for physical activity: Descriptive approaches I1 Determinants of exercise 298 I2 Participation motivation 304 Section J Theories and models of exercise behavior J1 Cognitive-behavioral theories 309 J2 Process models of exercise 318 J3 Ecological models 324 INTERVENTIONS: Applying sport and exercise psychology Section K Consultancy in sport and exercise psychology K1 Consultancy: Basic issues 328 K2 Listening skills 335 K3 Questioning 339 K4 Giving feedback 346 K5 Counseling skills 350 K6 The consultancy process 354 K7 Baseline assessment 360 Section L Performance enhancement L1 Issues of motivation 367 viii L2 Issues of arousal and anxiety 373 L3 Issues of concentration 383 L4 Issues of confidence 391 Section M Special issues M1 Stress and coping 395 M2 Injury 401 M3 Burnout and over-training 407 M4 Drugs in sport 413 Further reading 417 References 421 Index 436 ABBREVIATIONS 16PF 16 personality factor questionnaire ACSI-28 athletic coping skills inventory ADNFS Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey CBT cognitive behavioral therapy CDSII causal dimension scale II CPGs central pattern generators CSAI-2 competitive state anxiety inventory 2 CSAQ cognitive somatic anxiety questionnaire EEG electroencephalograph EPI Eysenck personality Inventory FFM five-factor model GEQ group environment questionnaire GMP generalized motor program GSR galvanic skin response HBM health belief model IPA interaction process analysis IZOF individual zone of optimal functioning KP knowledge of performance KR knowledge of results LBS leadership behavior in sport LGN lateral geniculate nucleus LIM lifespan interaction model LPC Least preferred co-worker LTM long-term memory MIQ movement imagery questionnaire MRF mental readiness form MSCI multidimensional sports cohesiveness inventory
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