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Inside the US Navy of 1812–1815 johns hopkins books on the war of 1812 Donald R. Hickey, Series Editor INSIDE the US NAVY of 1812–1815 WILLIAM S. DUDLEY Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore This book was brought to publication with the generous support of the J. G. Goellner Endowment. © 2021 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2021 Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218-4363 www . press . jhu . edu Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Dudley, William S., author. Title: Inside the US Navy of 1812–1815 / William S. Dudley. Description: Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021. | Series: Johns Hopkins books on the War of 1812 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020022453 | ISBN 9781421440514 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781421440521 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: United States. Navy— History— War of 1812. | United States— History— War of 1812— Naval operations. Classification: LCC E360 .D833 2021 | DDC 973.5/25— dc23 LC rec ord available at https://l ccn. l oc. g ov/ 2 020022453 A cata log rec ord for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at [email protected]. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 p ercent post- consumer waste, whenever poss ib le. To my wife, Donna Tully Dudley, for her love, dedication, and assistance in helping me to produce this work This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures, Maps, and Tables ix Preface xi Acknowle dgments xv 1 The Resources for Naval War 1 2 Paul Hamilton’s Ordeal: The Onset of War, 1809–1812 15 3 William Jones’s Challenge: A Two- Front Naval War 40 4 From Lake Erie to Lake Huron 62 5 Sailors, Privateers, and Munitions 83 6 The British Blockade of 1813–1814 105 7 Managing the Navy Department 127 8 Naval Innovation and Inventions 144 9 Chauncey’s War on Lake Ontario 164 10 Macdonough’s War on Lake Champlain 185 11 In Defense of the Chesapeake Bay 207 12 Hostilities in the Seaboard South 227 13 Sailors’ Life and Work 245 14 War Finance and the Blockade 261 15 Renewal of the US Navy 280 Notes 295 Index 333 This page intentionally left blank Figures, Maps, and Tables Figures 2.1. Secretary of the Navy Paul Hamilton 16 2.2. Commodore John Rod gers 26 2.3. Commodore Isaac Chauncey 38 3.1. Secretary of the Navy William Jones 42 3.2. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry 54 3.3. Cameling the brigs 60 5.1. Catch Me If You Can 86 6.1. USS Washington 118 8.1. Robert Fulton 146 8.2. Steam battery Demologos 156 9.1. Southeast View of Sacketts Harbour 166 10.1. Commodore Thomas Macdonough 191 12.1. American gunboat 231 15.1. Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Crowninshield 281 Maps 2.1. Cruise of the US fleet 29 4.1. G reat Lakes, Battle of Lake Erie 64 6.1. Cruise of USS Essex 124 10.1. B attle of Lake Champlain 202 11.1. The Chesapeake Bay 214 12.1. Lake Borgne and the B attle of New Orleans 240 Tables 10.1. US Navy squadron strength, Lake Champlain, 1814 199 10.2. Royal Navy squadron strength, Lake Champlain, 1814 201 14.1. US governmental expenses, 1802–1811 263