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Jon Hirdw ithJ onathanM arks I Grammar Companion Upper Intermediate � MACMILLAN MacmillEadnu cation BetweeTno wnsR oadO,x forOdX 43 PPU,K A divisoifoM na cmillPaunb lishLeirmsi ted Companiaensd r epresenttahtriovuegsh tohuewt o rld ISBN-110-:4 050-8208-9 ISBN-1937:8 -1-4050-8208-2 Tex©t MacmillPaunb lishLeirmsi t2e0d0 6 Desigann di llustr©a Mtaicomni llPaunb lishLeirmsi t2e0d0 6 Texwtr ittbeynJ onH irdw itJho nathMaanr ks Firpsutb lish20e0d6 Allr ighrtess ervneodp ;a rotf t hipsu blicamtaiyob ne r eproducsetdo,r ed ina r etriesvyaslt etmr,a nsmiitnta endyf ormo,r b ya nym eanse,l ectronic, mechanicpahlo,t ocopyriencgo,r dionrog t,h erwiwsiet,h otuhtep rior writtpeenr missoifot nh ep ublishers. Pagle ayobuytA nthonGyo dber IllustrbayKt aedt hBya xendaMlaer,kD raisaenyd B ilPli ggins Covedre sigbnyA ndrewO liver Thep ublishweorusl dl ikteot hanGki lFlr anctihsee, d itfoorar,l hle r harwd ork. Thea uthoarnsd p ublishaerregs r ateffouprle rmisstioor ne pritnhte following: Extrafcrto mT ltBeo ooIkfn venbytN iorornMiscs W hirt(eGru inness Publish1i9n9g9,c) o,p yrighGtu©i nneWsosr lRde cor1d9s9 9r,e printed byp ermissoifot nh ep ublisher. Printaendd b oundi nS paibny E delvives 20102 0092 008 20072 006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents I Units Grammar 1 Imag(e1s) page4 Verbs tructures 1 Imag(e2s) pag6e Auxiliavreyr bs 1 Imag(e3s) pag8e Indirqeucets tions 2 Fami(l1y) pag1e0 Verbpa tterns 2 Fami(l2y) pag1e2 Adjectsitvreu ctures 3 Mone(y1 ) pag1e4 Articles 3 Mone(y2 ) pag1e6 Unreaclo nditionals 4 Bod(y1 ) pag1e8 Sympathayd,v ic&e r ecommendations 4 Bod(y2 ) pag2e0 Phravsearlb s 5 Ritu(a1)l pag2e2 To-infinitiveo r- infogr m 5 Ritu(a2l) pag2e4 Prese&n pta shta bits 6 Digi(t1a)l pag2e6 Dynamic & statimveea nings 6 Digi(t2a)l pag2e8 Presepnetr fescitm pl&e c ontinuous 8 Escape pag3e0 Reportivnegr bs 9 Attrac(1t)i opna g3e2 Passirveep orting 9 Attrac(t2i)o pna g3e4 Have/sgomeett hidnogn e 9 Attrac(3t)i opna g3e6 Unreaclo nditicolnaauls -easl ternatives 10G eni(u1s) pag3e8 Modalosf d eduction 10G eni(u2s) pag4e0 Narrattievnes setr uctures 11S e(l1l) page 42 Relativcel auses 11S e(l2l) pag44e Emphas(idse fts entences) 12S tudent pag4e6 Future form 13H om(e1 ) pag48e Quantity 13H om(e2 ) pagSeO Thep assive Image(s1 ) Versbrt uctures Presevnetrs brt utcures Youc auns teh per esesnitm pmlaei ntloy taabloku t: • habiIt s�: t ewai tmhi lk. • routiIan lewsa:�y tsc ht hsei ox' clnoecwks . • thintghsaa tra el watyrsu e: Eve1treyl alsp S:ti ocrtyu.r e Youc auns teh per esecnotn tinutoou sta abloku t: NoteS:o mvee rabrsne o nto rmaulsleiydn c ontinfuooru-msss e Uen i6t. You ucsatenh per esepnetr fseicmtp tloet aalbko ut: • presseinttu atthiaotn ss itnta hret eapdna das rtce o ntinuiIn'glv ienvohewecl:r s ei n1c9e9 5. • eventthsah ta ppeantea dnu nspectiifmiieent d h e pSahsemtja:sd ql oaodfhs i rte cords. Youc auns teh per esepnetr fceocntt inutootu asal bko ut: • situawthiiocsnhts a ritnte hdpe a satn da rceo ntinnuoiwSn:hg e ti'�ssurprii.isigla udenicfeosmr o rteh an 20y ears. Pasvte rsbrt utcures Youu steh pea ssti mptloef iexv enatnsds ituaitnti hopena ss t. TheB erWlailndl i vidtehdce i ftoynr e ar3l0yy e ars. Iwta sp iilldeoawni n1 989. Youo ftuesnte h pea scto ntinuioncu osn twriatsht thsei mpptalotse at al bko tuhti ntghsaw etr ienp rogrwehsesn sometheilnshgea ppened. He--------.,. , Youc auns weo uladn duse dt ot ot alk raebgouuoltrra erp eateadc tpiaosnts . Ia lwapie(fyto'6U}is the Beatleasss' o oarnset choewryed rrsee leaasned�d� , thesmt rahiogmhaetn pdl ay theamg aina gaanidn . Youc aanl suosu ese dt o- butn owto ul-dt toa albko puats stt aotres si tuations. IU'ie(l tO "bea b ifga onft hBee atles. NoteY:o ud on onto rmaulslweyo ulfdon re gatsievnet eonrfc oeqrsu estions. (Fofru tuvreers bt ruecsts,ue Uren i1t2 .) 4 Imag(e1s) 1 (1)P ratciec moonF.o yre arass,t ronFaruatnBsko rmaann dB ill Andeerasc (hc ) thahtew ast hoen e 1 Chootsheme o snta tuprraels teennts e. who( d) the piAcnti unrvee.s tigation Imagtehsa cth anged th-e Fiwrofsrltli dg1 h9t03, lat(eer) thaBto rma(nf ) an earlier, blafcrka-maaenn ddt- hwiihsci otnceio cl our photogr(agp)h byA nderHsu.m ans (h) ont hmeo ons evemno ntlhast er. 3 Completthteee xbtyp utttihnvege ribns taon approprpiraetsoeer np ta stte nse. a) Thipsh otogrsahpohw ssh/oiwsti hneg Imagtehsa cth angtehdwe o rl-dF irxs-tr a18y9,6 realizoafot nieoo fnh umaniotlyd'esds rte ams: thfei resvtet rr ufel ight. b) Thep hotogrcaappht ucraepst/uitrshi en g Wrigbhrto th1e2r-ss'e c1o8nm0de ,t rfel iogfh t 17tDhe cemb1e9r0 3. c) OrviWlrlieg phittl sop/iils otthi'enf gly er'. d) Orvilolled'besrr o tWhielrb juursh te lpjsu/shats heltpole adu ntchhae i rcraft. e) Hew atchweast/cihtshi heni gs tory-making flight. X-ra(yas) (bek)e yt om edical _____ f) Aircrtaefcth noplrooggsyr eess/phraosg ressed diagnoismtaigcif nogor v e1r0 y0e anrosw T.od ayw e ata p henomenasli nrtcahetWe er ight (b) (takteh)ef mo grr antaenddm illions brothpeirosn'e efrliinggh t. ofp eop(lce) (havaenx) - reavye rdayy . _____ g) Todamyi,l lioofpn eso pbloea rdb/oaarred ing Butl,i kmea nyo ft hger esacti endtiisfciocv eries, af liegvhetrd ayy . x-rawyesrf eo unpdu reblyya ccident. h) Thew orlidcs i rmcnuagvaitedb/eheans In1 89w6h,i lGee rmasnc ienWtiilshteK lomn rad circumnainvj iugsotav et3re0h d o urs (by Roent(gde)n (worokn)a s erioefs Concoirnd1 e9 95). experimiennvtosl vciantgh ordaety u behse, i) Airlmianneu facBtoueriecnrug er nrtly (e) (nottihcaett)h fel uorelsicgehntt develcoupersnr/tdilesyv eltohpseic nrga mjet, thatth e(yf ) (emi(tg)) _ __ _ whicwhi lblea blteot ravferloL mo ndotno (cauasg el)o own t hwea lTlh.eo ddt hiwnags t hat Sydnienyt woh ours. thlei g(hht) (pass) tthhrbeoa ucogkfh ac haainrdo thseorl oibdj eocnti stw sa yt ot hwea ll. 2 Compltehtteee xuts itnghv ee ribnst hbeo xi na n Intribgyut ehdiR so,e nt(gie)n (place) approprpaisattte en se. hiwsi feh'asn (dn otthewe e ddirnign gosv)ea r be � lando rbit photogrpalpaht(iejc,) (shitnhele)i ght prove ttaakkee t hink throuigtah n d( k) (makteh)fe i rxs-tr ay photBoe.f otrheai tt(, 1 ) (bei)m possible Imagtehsa cth anged th-eE awrotrhlr1di9 6s8e , _____ foprh ysictiola onosik n siad ep ersboond'wysi thout makinagni ncision. Asw elalsi twsi despruesaiedn t hmee dical profesxs-irotaney,c hno(lmo)g y _ __ _ _ (becoamk ee)ye lemeinnmt a nyo thfeire lTdodsa.,y x-ra(yns) (havaev )a rioeft y TheE arthprhiosteo grwahpihci,hm mediately applicaitnai roensasus c ahsa stron,wo emayponry, (a)i npsiredr enewceodn temploafot uirpo lna ce arhti staonrdoy f c ourasier psoerctuy r.i t int huen ivewrasste a,k oennC hristEmvae1s 9 68, Roent(geon) (bet)hr ee cipoifte hnet whitlheAe p ol8lm oi ssion (b) the firNsotb ePlr ifzoePr h ysiinc1 s9 01. Imag(e1s) U N I T 1 5 Image(s2 ) Auxilivaerryb s Thea uxilviearrbbyse h ,a vaend d oa rues etdof orvma rivoeurssb t ructFuorerex sa.m ptlhee,y arwei tuhs ed soa ndn ehietr/innqo ure sttiaogns anda nsshwoeYrrotsu c. a n also uisneq umeosdttaialogasns n ds hoarnts wers. So& neihter/nor Youu sse ot om ea'na lisnto h'i sst ructure: I'lme arntiosn kgi . Soa mI . I'vsee eanl l fhielrm s.S oh asm ys ister. Youm adeam istake.S od idy ou! I'ldi kteog ot oC hina. Sow oulId. Youu sen eitohrn eortro m ean' alnsooti 'nt hsea mset ructure. Id onl'itkt eh imsu sic. NeithdeoIr . Id idns'lte leopn egn ouglha nsitg ht. Nord idI. Ic ans'itnv ge rwye ll. NeithcearnI . I'vgeon to i dewah atth eys'irneg aibnogu t. Neithhearv teh epyr,o ba.b ly Botshoa ndn ehietr/snhoorawg reembeenttw esepne akTeors sh.o dwi sagreoermd einffte rebnectew esepne akers, youu saen a uxiliary ivsfe orlbl.o bwTyehn dio (st'n titf)h mee aniinsng e gative. Weh avegno'ttti ckets.iW e have(.N OTV¥e'Ye I Vle''te get.) Id idnw'att cthh nee ws. Id id(.N OTI wateA:eEl .) I'ldi kteog ot oC hina. Iw ouldn('NtO.TI wealElR' t liJ�e.) Question tags Youn ormaulslaeyn egatqiuvees ttiaowgni tahn a ffirmsattaitveem aenndat n,a ffirmqauteisvteti aowgni tah negatsitvaet ement. Shea'msa ziinsgn,s' hte ? Punwka s jauf sats hiwoans,n 't it? Herh aiirs nn'att urtahlacltoy l oiusir t,? Hew asna'ntg rayta lwla,s h e? Whent hvee ribnt haef firmsattaitveemi esan mtt, h nee gatqiuvees ttiaoignsa ren't. Ia mr igahrte,]n ?' t Youu set hteoyr efteosr o mebaoyndbyo,de yv,e ryabnodnd oyb oidnqy u esttiaogns . Anybodcya sni nlgi kteh acta,n t'hte y? Everybkondo�w Msa donndao,n t'hte y? Youu siet tor efteosr o mheitnagn,yi tnhogr,n othiinqn uge sttiaogns . Nothimnugc hh appeinnts h fei ldmo,e ist ? Anythicnogu lhda ppecno,u ldint'?t Youu suaulslaey n a ffirmqauteisvteti aoagnf tneerv hearr,ad nldly i ttle. You'nlelve fro rgetm otmhean�tt ,you? Ith ardmlayk easn yd ifferdeonecse ,i t? Youc auns we ill/owrco aunl/dc ionau flfdi rmqauteisvteti aogansf tiemrp eratives. Pasmse t hadti ctri,yow noaulydo u? !Helmpe c artrhye bsoeo kcsa,ny ou? Youc auns se hawlela?s a q uesttiaoagnf tseurg gestuisoinnlgse t's. Leth'asv aeb reaskh,a wlel? NoteI:nq uesttiaogwnsi tbhe b,ei so fttehnme a ivne ribnt hsee nternacteht ehraa nn a uxil.i ary) 6 Imag(e2s) 1( )2P ratciec 4 Completthqeeu esttiaogwnsi tthh ceo rrveecrtb . 1 Wrirtees pontsose hso awg reemaenndt a) Thef ilwma sg reaWttl,s ni'tt? disagreeUmseesn oat n.dn eitasha eprp ropriate. b) Thatt'hsne e ws tudent, it? c) Youw orfko trh BeB C, you? a) I'hmu ng.r ySot1 mI . d) You'nroeit n tereisnft oeodt ball, you? I'nmo t. e) Thatn'osyt o ucro at, it? b) Id on'tp olpim kues icN.e itdhoeI r. f) Someomnues hta vtea kietn, they? 1.@_ ____ g) Francza snp eaRku ssian, he? c) Il ovrea mpu sic. ____ h) Shed oeslni'vhtee re, she? i) We'vmee tb efore, we? d) Id on't like beer. ____ j) I'imn vittoet dhp ea r,t y I? ____ k) Letg'os, we? e) I'vnee vebre etnot hUeS A. ____ I) Pasmse t hree moctoen trol, you? ____ m) Everykonnoew tsh at, they? f) Ic an spIetaakli an. n) Anythipnogs'ssi ble, it? g) I'ldo vteog ot oI ndia. 5 Completthreee sponusseisnt ghw eo rdisni talics h) Ih adn't stpoho ikmbe enf ore. anda q uesttiaogn. a) Whatti miest hmee etinagt2.. 30 i) Is tayuepdl atlea nsitg ht. It' st1 t2 .30i.st ni 't? b) Whatt'shn ee ws tudennatm'es? C onnie j) In evedrr icnokf fee. Her ? ________________ c) Doy ouk noww herSeu el ivesn?e atrhs ec hool k) I'rme alilnytc oo mputgearm es. She ? d) Whoa rBer azil pilnta hyneie nxrgto undI? taly l) Id idng'oot u lta nsitg ht. They ? e) Whot olhde r?W illiam m) I'tmi red. It ? f) Whadti d ytohui onfkt hfei lm?n ot gtohoadt n) I'nmo htu ng.r y It ? g) Itq'usi etxep ensinvoett.h cahte ap �Ril ? 2 (Cir)ctl heaen sweirnes x erc1ti hsaeat rt er ufeo r youF.o erx ampIl'enm,o Nte.i tdhoIe .r 6 Wristheo arnts wetrots h qeu estuisoinnsYeg sa nd Noa ndt hceo rrseucbtj aencdvt e rb. 3 Wrirtees pontsheaastr t er ufeoy ro uF.o erx ample, a) Arey ouF renchY?es .Itl m. NoI.' nmo t. Sod oI N.e itdhoIe I.r' nmo t. b) Didy oug oo ulta nsitg ht? a) I'm gnooitno gut to night. b) Iw entto t hcei nelmaans it ght. c) Havyeo ub eetnot hUeK ? c) Ic apnl atyh pei ano. d) I'vbee etnoA ustralia. d) Cany oup laaym usicianls trument? e) Ic and'rti ve. f) Is pokael ootfE nglyiessht erday. e) Woulydo ul ikteol ivaeb rooanded ay? g) Ih avegno'attc ar. h) I'blela t h omea t9 o 'cltoocnki ght. f) Arey oua s tudent? i) In eeadh oli.d ay j) I'ldi kteob eo na b eacrhi gnhotw . g) Doy oue njsotyu dying? Imag(e2s) 7 Image(s3 ) Indirqeucets tions Youo ftuesnie n dirqeucets twihoennys o uw antto b em orpeo liotrte e ntaYtoiuvc eau.ns teh emf,oe rx ample • wheny oua rset artai ncgo nverwsiatsthoi moeno ynoeud onk'nto w • wheny oua raes kians ge nsipteirvseo qnuaels tion 'Whq'u esotnis Direqcute stiwointqshu estwioornd s Theo rdiesrq uestwioorn+d a uxil+i saurbyj+ e vcetr b. Wherdeo y oul ive? Howd oetsh itsh iwnogr k? Whatd iydo ut hink? Indirqeucets tiwointsqh u estwioornd s Thew orodr diesrt hsea maes i nn ormsatla temaefnttteshr:qe u estwioorntd h seu bjgeocetbs ef orteh vee rb. Youd on outs teh aeu xilidaodr,io eeossrd iYdo.us tawritt ahq uestfiroanm lei,k' eC ouylodut emlel? ' Do/woulydo um intde llmienw gh eryeo ulv ie? Coulydo u tmeew lhla yto ut hought? Doy ouk noww hent hi�c:ew il.2Pi.£!f Doy ouh appetnok noww herseh"irt; uy�h esrh oes? Doy ouh avaen yi dewah er�ep utm yk eys? Iw asw onderwihnegr Ies houglod. I'ldi kteok noww herfCea nb uya t icket. I'imn teretsokt neodww hatth pel ootf- thfeilwma s. Ye.slon questions Direycets /qnuoe stions Theo rdiesar u xil+i saurbyj+ e vcetr b. Arey oue xpecttihnegbm a ctko night? Doetsh e �oofsfti c:,!.2ptehnia sf ternoon? Indiryeecst/q nuoe stions Theo rdiesrt hsea maes i nn ormsatla temtehnsetu sb:j geocetbs e ofrteh vee rYbo.us tawritta hq uestion frame andt heuns eif/ whether. Coulydo ut emleli /fw het\YhOeUra reex pec:tinst hebma ctko night? Do/wouylodum intde llmieni gf /whettliheeirrsea p osotf fniecaehr e re? Doy ouh appteonk nowi/ fw hetpiheerrei aip harmanceiashrte re? Doy ouh avaen yi deiaf /wheItc hoeUrlf di nadb ookshaonpy wheirnte h iasr ea? Iw asw onderii/fnw gh etyhoeurc: owahe!m�e . I'ldi kteok nowi/ fw hetEhheerir sea nothterrat ioLn o ndon tonight. I'imn teretsokt neodwi f/whetthhseet ryo h rasah appeyn ding. NoteW:h ent hqeu estwioornid s t hseu bjoeftc htse e ntetnhcoeer ,d iesra lssou bj+e vcetrb. Whath appennesx t? Coulydo ut emlelw liihfappennesx t? 8 Imag(e3s) 1( 3P)r atciec 3 Wriftoeu mro rien dirqeucets ttihoanytso um ighats k iyfo ua rvei siath iontgoe rla p laycoeu d onk'nto .w 1 Underltihnceeo rrect oorfvd eerarbni dns gu bject. Foerx ampDloey ,o kun owwh at tthlieim berc alerosys? a) Doy ouk nowi fi tsh erei/astn Ah TeMr e a) ------------------------------------ ? machinneeah re re? b) ? ------------------------------------ b) Coulydo ut emlelh owl onigt takiettsa /kdeo esc ) ------------------------------------ ? tog etto t hset ation? d) ? ------------------------------------ c) Doy ouh appteonk nowi ft hPea rfliisg ht has beedne layetdhP/eah rflaiissgt b h eedne layed? 4 Rewritthdeei reqcute stiinot nhsii sn teravsi ew d) Whend oy out hitnkh ey'lli ltalhr aeryri rviev/ew? indirqeucets tiTohnesn. matthcewhmi tthh aen swers e) Doy ouk noww heriets h lei bralriyb/ritashr?ey 1-7W.h icHho llywaocotdr iesbs esi nign terviewed? f) Woulydo us aiy Osx ford/iOasxg foooprdl da ce a) Wherwee ryeo u born? tol ive? Coulydo ut emlel whee:;ir OUw erbeo rn? g) Coulydo ut emlelh owm uchd oetshc ioss t/ b) Doy ouu syeo umri ddnlaem aes y our nlaamset? thcioss ts? Isi ttr uteh at ? h) Havyeo ua nyi dewah aitts h eex acnhgrea te c) Howw oulydo ud escryiobuer self? foEru roas/ttwh ehex acnhgrea ftoeEr u rioss? I'ldi kteok now-- ----------------- d) Havyeo ug oatn yb adh abits? 2 Looaktt hlee afalnedit m agiynoeua rgeo intgo Doy oum intde llmien g ? telephtohhneoe t teola s fko mro rien formation. e) Whend iydo us taarctt ing? Looaktt hneo tae)s- afn)dw ritthee ams i ndirect Coulydo ut emlel ? questions. f) Wasy oubri bgr epakl aytihncego mputer game heroi'nLeaC rrao ft'? Woulydo us ay ? ------------------- g) Arey oua nyg ooadtc ompugtaemre s? I'imn teretsokt neodw__ ________ _ � <§;> cant�eede ntre 1) YesI.mt e an'sp reitnFt rye'n Mcyhm .o thcehro site. � .. .-- ----- (cfl,) <£> Sgilanend do urboloem s. ? 2) No. tIe'rmr aitbt lhee m. � 3) I'sda iyt prowbaasbb,lu yIt ' nmo ktn owfno r <§? Intfearc.k-n-iel(tiJF )trett i ar es -to�? thastom ucht hese days. 'i' 40 minfruottmhea esi rbtpyao xrit 4) InL oAsn gelIen1s 9.7 5. "f\....._(e)Hopf <§;>Excutrloso sigchioatnlss :> 5) Ia ppeairnea fd e wf ilamnsdm usivci deionms y teenMsyf. i rbsitfg i lwma sc alled Hian1c 9k9e5r.s 6) A normpaelr swohno 'wso rkehda radn db een lucky. 7) WelIl',nm o stu rieit s ab adh abibtu,Itk eep a) Coulydo ut emlel getttiantgt dooonse . howf atrh e hoftreoltm h iecs i tc:;ie nt?r e b) Doy ouk now 5 Imagiynoeua rgeo intgoi ntervfiaemwo puaes r son. ? Deciwdheo i its a ndw riftoeu irn dirqeucets tyiooun s c) I'ldi kteok now woulads tkh em. ? a) d) Coulydo ut emlel b) ? c) e) Havyeo ua nyi dea d) ? f) Iw asw ondering ? Imag(e3s) 9