INSERVICE EDUCATION OF TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN LOUISIANA

486 Pages·18.285 MB·English

by  CARDOZIER, VIRGUS RAY

IN-SERVICE EDUCATION OF TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL
AGRICULTURE IN LOUISIANA
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the
Graduate School of The Ohio State
University
by
VIRGUS RAY CARDOZIER, B.S., M.S.
The Ohio State University
1952
.Approved by:
' (/Adviser
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To a number of people the author is grateful for
their assistance in the completion of this study:
To the members of his graduate committee: Dr. Earl
W. Anderson and Dr. E. E. Lewis of the Department of Edu­
cation; Dr. V. R. Wertz of the Department of Agricultural
Economics; and Dr. W. F. Stewart, Dr. Harold G. Kenestrick,
and Dr. Ralph E. Bender of' the Department of Agricultural
Education, who gave freely of their time in the construc­
tive criticism of this study and in guiding the author1s
graduate program;
To the author's adviser, Dr. Ralph E. Bender,
Chairman of the Department of Agricultural Education,
whose wise counsel and sympathetic understanding were of
inestimable value in the prosecution of the study;
To the state supervisory staff in agricultural edu­
cation in Louisiana and teacher trainers in agricultural
education at Louisiana State University and Southwestern
Louisiana Institute for assistance in data collection;
To the 172 teachers of vocational agriculture in
Louisiana whose cooperation in completing the Inquiry made
possible the successful realization of this endeavor.
ii
909387
TABLE OP CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY..................... 1
II. PHILOSOPHY AND DEVELOPMENT OP IN-SERVICE
EDUCATION . ............................ 30
III. GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR A STATE
PROGRAM . . . •........................ 58
IV. ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAM IN LOUISIANA . „ 208
V. APPRAISAL OP' THE PROGRAM IN LOUISIANA. . 321
VI. SUiviMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 355
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................... 385
APPENDIX A - DATA-COLLECTING DEVICES.............. i^.00
APPENDIX B - SOURCE TABLES........................ 1^20
APPENDIX C - SAMPLES OF MATERIALS. . . . . . i|_65
iii
LIST OP TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. RESPONSES RECEIVED PROM TEACHERS FOLLOWING
EACH COMMUNICATION............................ 25
2. WEEK BY WEEK RESPONSES TO INQUIRY . . . . 25
3. RELATIONSHIP OP CERTAIN FACTORS TO SPEED OF
TEACHERS' RESPONSES TO INQUIRY.............. 26
4. RESPONSES TO INQUIRY BY DISTRICT.............. 28
5. THE MOST-NEEDED IMPROVEMENTS IN STATE
CONFERENCE PROGRAMS AS REPORTED BY
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION WORKERS IN THE'
SEVERAL STATES, 1926-27 ..................... 133
6. THE MOST SERIOUS OBSTACLES TO OVERCOME IN
EDuCATING TEACHERS IN SERVICE AS REPORTED
BY 2lj.7 SCHOOLS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL
ASSOCIATION, 191^0................................207
7. TENURE OF TEACHERS REPORTING .................. 209
8. INSTITUTIONS PROM WHICH TEACHERS RECEIVED
D E G R E E S ..........................................212
9. AVERAGE PUPIL ENROLLMENT ..................... 213
10. NUMBER OP TEACHERS WHO TAUGHT NON-AGRICULTURAL
C O U R S E S ...................................... 211).
11. EXTENT TO WHICH FIRST-YEAR TEACHERS WERE
VISITED BY AREA SUPERVISORS AND TEACHER
TRAINERS.......................................... 220
12. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHER TRAINERS VISITED
TEACHERS IN THE STATE............................ 221
13. LENGTH OF TEACHER TRAINERS' VISITS AS
REPORTED BY TEACHERS ........................ 222
Iv
TABLE PAGE
114.. GRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AT LOUISIANA
STATE UNIVERSITY DURING THE 1950-51
SESSION...................................... 22I4.
15. GRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AT LOUISIANA
STATE UNIVERSITY DURING THE I9I4.5-I4.6
SESSION...................................... 225
16. GRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION AT LOUISIANA
STATE UNIVERSITY DURING THE l^O-ifl
SESSION AND SUMMER TERM, I9I4.O . . . . 226
17. INSTITUTIONS AT WHICH TEACHERS TOOK GRADUATE
STUDY IN TERMS OF INSTITUTIONS FROM! WHICH
THEY RECEIVED THE BACHELOR'S DEGREE . . 227
18. MEDIA THROUGH WHICH TEACHERS EARNED GRADUATE
CREDIT ............................ 228
19. SHORT-COURSE OFFERINGS FOR GRADUATE CREDIT
BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCA­
TION AT LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY DURING
THE SUMMER, 19^0............................ 231
20. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS WERE VISITED BY
SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE OFFICE OF THE
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION . . . . 21+2
21. SUPERVISORY ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS
BY THE OFFICE OF THE STATE SUPERVISOR OF
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION..................... 2^5
22. FREQUENCY OF AREA SUPERVISORS' VISITS WITH
TEACHERS AS REPORTED BY TEACHERS . . . 2^7
23. LENGTH OF AREA SUPERVISORS' VISITS AS
REPORTED BY TEACHERS..................... 2l{.8
, 2i+. FREQUENCY WITH WHICH LOCAL PEOPLE RECEIVED
NOTICES OF PLANNED VISITS BY AREA
SUPERVISORS............................... 250
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TABLE PAGE
25. PERSONS RECEIVING COPIES OP SUPERVISORS’
VISITATION REPORTS AS REPORTED BY SUPER­
VISORS THEMSELVES............................ 253
26. PER CENT OF TEACHERS REPORTING WHO ATTENDED
SELECTED CONFERENCES........................ 256
27. NUMBER OF MEETINGS SUPERVISORS HELD WITH
TEACHERS AT VARIOUS ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS
IN 1950-51 . . ............................ 257
28. SPECIAL CLINICS HELD' BY THE SUPERVISOR OF
FOOD CONSERVATION WHICH TEACHERS OF VOCA­
TIONAL AGRICULTURE ATTENDED .............. 263
29. TEACHERS SUPPLIED EVALUATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND
ASSISTED IK THEIR USE AS REPORTED BY
SUPERVISORS. . 266
30. PERSONS INITIATING EVALUATIONS IN DEPART­
MENTS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE . . . . 268
31. CRITERIA USED BY TEACHERS IN EVALUATING . . 269
32. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS PARTICIPATED IN
STUDY GROUPS ............................ 273
33. SCHOOL SYSTEMS HOLDING PRE-SCHOOL WORKSHOPS,
1950.......................................... 21k
3lj-. LOCAL FACULTY MEETINGS....................... 275
35. NUMBER OF TEACHERS VISITED BY THEIR
PRINCIPALS IN 1950-51 278
36. NUMBER OF TEACHERS VISITED BY THEIR PARISH
SUPERINTENDENTS AND SUPERVISORS . . . . 279
37. BASES UPON WHICH TEACHERS COULD EARN
SALARY INCREASES ............................ 281
38. PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS TO WHICH AT LEAST A
PART OF TEACHERS’ EXPENSES WERE PAID . . 283
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- * -
TABLE PAGE
39. POLICIES OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS CONCERNING PER­
MISSION FOR TEACHERS TO ATTEND SUMMER
SCHOOL............................................. 285
ifO. FREQUENCY WITH WHICH SCHOOL SYSTEMS PER­
MITTED TEACHERS TO ATTEND SUMMER SCHOOL. . 286
if 1. POLICIES OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS REGARDING
SALARIES OF TEACHERS ATTENDING SUMMER
SCHOOL............................................. 287
if2. NUMBER OF BOOKS IN TEACHERS' PERSONAL
LIBRARIES..........................................290
if3. NUMBER OF PERIODICALS READ BY TEACHERS. . . 292
ifif. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS READ PROFESSIONAL,
TECHNICAL AND FARM PERIODICALS..................293
lf5. NUMBER OF TEACHERS WHO CONDUCTED RESEARCH
AND DEMONSTRATIONS................................2^.
ii.6. NUMBER OP' TEACHERS WHOSE DEPARTMENTS WERE
EVALUATED DURING 1950-51.........................296
if7. EXTENT TO 'WHICH TEACHERS WROTE ARTICLES FOR
PUBLICATION.......................................297
if8. DIVERSITY OF WRITINGS SUBMITTED FOR
PUBLICATION BY TEACHERS ..................... 298
if9. PARISH-WIDE MEETINGS OF TEACHERS OF
VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE ..................... 301
50. MEETINGS WHICH TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL AGRI­
CULTURE ATTENDED WITH OTHER AGRICULTURAL
AGENCIES IN THEIR PARISHES ................. 306
51. NUMBER OF TEACHERS WHO SERVED ON COMMITTEES . 309
52. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS SERVED ON COMBINA­
TIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMITTEES . . 309
.
53 EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS HELD MEMBERSHIP AND
OFFICES IN ORGANIZATIONS.........................310
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TABLE PAGE
Sk- NUMBER OF TEACHERS WHO BELONGED TO COMBINA­
TIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS. 311
55. NUMBER OF TEACHERS WHO OBSERVED THE TEACHING
OF OTHERS IN 1950-51........................ 312
56. DURATION OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE TEACHERS'
VISITS TO OBSERVE TEACHING OF OTHERS . . 313
57. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS RECEIVED INFORMATION
AND ASSISTANCE FROM SELECTED GOVERNMENTAL
AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES ..................... 315
56. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS RECEIVED INFORMATION
AND ASSISTANCE FROM SELECTED INDIVIDUALS
AND AGENCIES........................... . 3l6
59. DISTRIBUTION OF SEMESTER HOURS OP GRADUATE
STUDY COMPLETED BY TEACHERS.............. 318
60. SEMESTER HOURS 0? GRADUATE STUDY COMPLETED
BY 79 TEACHERS WITH more THAN THREE YEARS'
TEACHING EXPERIENCE .............. . . . 319
A. TEACHING EXPERIENCE REPORTED BY TEACHERS. . ij.21
B. PUPIL LOAD REPORTED BY TEACHERS.............. ij.23
C. NUMBER OF TEACHERS TEACHING NON-AGRICULTURAL
COURSES...................................... i^.25
D. MEDIA THROUGH WHICH TEACHERS EARNED GRADUATE
C R E D I T ...................................... 4.27
E. CONFERENCES AND OTHER MEETINGS HELD FOR
TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN
LOUISIANA, 1950-51 428
F. PRE-SCHOOL WORKSHOPS HELD WITHIN LOCAL
SCHOOL SYSTEMS............................... ij.32
G. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS WERE VISITED BY
THEIR SCHOOL PRINCIPALS.....................
>
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TABLE PAGE
H. EXTENT TO WHICH TEACHERS WERE VISITED BY
THEIR PARISH SUPERINTENDENTS AND SUPER­
VISORS......................................... i+36
I. TOPICS DISCUSSED IN FACULTY IV; ET1NGS AS
REPORTED BY TEACHERS............................I4.38
J. BASES UPON WHICH TEACHERS COULD EARN SALARY
INCREASES..........................................1+39
K. NUMBER OF TEACHERS INDICATING THEIR EXPENSES
WERE PAID AT LEAST IN PART TO ATTEND PRO­
FESSIONAL CONFERENCES. . .................
L. NUMBER OF TEACHERS INDICATING THEIR PARISHES
HAD DEFINITE POLICY WHEREBY VOCATIONAL
AGRICULTURE TEACHERS COULD ATTEND SUMMER
SCHOOL.................................... . i|43
IVu .FREQUENCY WITH WHICH TEACHERS COULD ATTEND
SUMMER SCHOOL ................. .
N. PAY STATUS OF TEACHERS WHILE ATTENDING
SUMMER S C H O O L ............................... I4J4.7
0. TOPICS OF RESEARCH PROJECTS CONDUCTED AS
REPORTED BY TEACHERS ..................... . ^
P. TOPICS OF DEMONSTRATIONS CONDUCTED AS RE­
PORTED BY TEACHERS............................j+50
Q. STUDY GROUP TOPICS REPORTED BY TEACHERS . . lj.5 1
R. TOPICS DISCUSSED AT PARISH-WIDE VOCATIONAL
AGRICULTURE TEACHERS' MEETINGS..............
S. NUMBER OF TEACHERS WHO OBSERVED THE TEACHING
OF OTHER TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICUL­
TURE , , . , ij.53
T. NUMBER OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE TEACHERS
WHO OBSERVED THE TEACHING OF OTHERS IN
. THEIR S C H O O L S ................................... i|55
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table page
U. NUMBER OF TEACHERS RECEIVING INFORMATION AND
ASSISTANCE FROM SELECTED GOVERNMENTAL
AGENCIES................................. i4.57
V. ivlAJOR POINTS DISCUSSED BY AU^A SUPERVISORS
DURING SUPERVISORY VISITATIONS AS REPORTED
BY TEACHERS.............................. I4.59
W. TEACHERS' SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE
PROGRAM OF IN-SERVICE EDUCATION FOR TEACH­
ERS OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN LOUISIANA Z4.6O
X. THEMES OF LOCAL SCHOOL WORKSHOPS REPORTED BY
TEACHERS.............................. . ij.62
Y. TOPICS DISCUSSED AT PARISH MEETINGS OF VOCA­
TIONAL AGRICULTURE TEACHERS WITH OTHER
AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES................ I4.63
2. NUMBER OF WHITE TEACHERS OF VOCATIONAL
AGRICULTURE EMPLOYED IN THE HIGH SCHOOLS
OF LOUISIANA, 1917-18 THROUGH 1950-51 . . I4.6/4.
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