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STATE FAUNA SERI S 3 PA T- lOOlO<ilCAL SURVEY 'NO'" Of "16 OG CAL SURVEY OF I IA ~OO 993 STATE FAUNA SERIES 3 FAUNA OF WEST BENGAL PART - 4 (INSECTA: APTERVGOTA, EXOPTERVGOTA, ORTHOPTERA, DERMAPTERA, DICTVOPTERA, ISOPTERA, PSOCOPTERA) Edited by Director, Zoological Survey of India Calcutta ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1993 Copyright, Government of India, 1993 Published : August 1993 Project Co-ordinator Dr. A. K. Ghosh, Director, Z.S.!' Price Inland Rs. 500.00 Foreign £ 25.00 $ 35.00 Laser Composed by PRESTECH, 39 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Calcutta -82 and Printed by RASHMI ADVERTISING, 7B Rani Rashmoni Road, Calcutta - 13 FAUNA OF WEST BENGAL PART-4 CONTENTS INSECTA : THYSANURA Ilazra, A. K . ...................................................................................................................... 1 INSECTA : EPHEMEROPTERA Srivastava, V. D . ............................................................................................................. 19 INSECTA : ODONATA Srivastava, V. D . ............................................................................................................. 51 INSECTA : PLECOPTERA Das, B.C., Chatterjee, A.& Dutta, A.L .......................................................................... 169 INSECTA : ORTHOPTERA :TETRIGOIDEA Shishodia, M.S .............................................................................................................. 179 INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLOIDEA Shishodia, M.S. & Tandon,S.K ..................................................................................... 227 INSECTA : ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDOIDEA Ilazra, A.K., Tandon, S.K., Shishodia, M.S -Dey, A. & Mondal, S.K ................................................................................................. 287 INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIDAE Barman, R .S .................................................................................................................. 355 INSECTA : DERMAPTERA Srivastava, G.K ............................................................................................................. 369 INSECTA : DICTYOPTERA: BLAT TA RIA Mukherjee, K.P ............................................................................................................. 461 INSECTA : MANTODEA Mukherjee, T.K. & Ilazra, A.K. .................................................................................... 475 INSECTA : ISOPTERA Maili, P.K. & Saha, Nivedila ........................................................................................ 511 INSECTA : PSOCOPTERA Ray, K.K. & Srivastava, V.D ......................................................................................... 525 Slale Fauna Series 3 : Fauna of Wesl Bengal, Part 4 : 1 17, 1993 INSECTA:THYSANURA A.K.HAZRA Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta INTRODUCTION The order Thysanura comprises popularly known insects of 'silver-fish and bristle-tail' belonging to the Sub-Class Apterygota. There arc two suborders in this order. Under suborder Microcoryphia, there is one superfamily Machiloidea, which consists two families Machilidae and Meinertellidae. The sub orderZygentoma has one superfamily Lepismatoidea, under which there are three families Lepidotrichi dae, Nicoletiidae and Lepismatidae. These insects generally have very long, many segmented antennae, cerci and median tail (Figs. 1 and 2). Blind as well as eyed forms occur and most species are heavily clothed with scales which give these insects a mottled black, brown, silvery or golden appearence. The free living fOrlns are found in the forest floor, undcr bark of trces , under rocks in the nests of ants and of termites. Some species often cause damage to books, and other household articles. Escherich (1903) studied the Indian Thysanuran fauna for the first time and Silvestri 1913, '38, '48) has contributed to our knowlcdge of Indian species. Since then works on Indian Thysanuran Fauna was neglected for a long time. After that Hazra (1980) has described a new species from West Bengal and Mendes (1990) described some zoogeographic affinities of Indian thysanura. It is astonishing that from this deparunent different parties have visited all the districts of the state of West Bcngal during the period from 1983-1988 , under a scheme of the deparunent for the extensive and intensi ve faunistic survey of West Bengal but not a single party has brought the collections of Thysanura. This is probably due to their concealed habits, which needs special efforts for their collections. Therefore, the present study is mostly based on the small collections of about 200 examples made by the predscnt author during 1974 from some districts of West Bengal particularly Southern districts of West Bengal and also some old collection present in the section. So, the present report will not reflect the total state fauna of this order. Thus remains an ample scope for further study of this order from the state. Particularly the districts of North Bengal, where it is expected to be more richer than southern districts. The present paper deals with only 7 species ofThysanura under two families and 5 genera, of which a genus and a spccies are recorded for the first time from the state and are marked with one astrix and one genus and a species are recorded for the first time from India and marked with double astrix. Detailed descriptions of all the seven species arc provided with the necessary drawings. The work also provides key to families, genera and species. The distribution of each species in different districts of West Bengal has been plotted on the map. The classification followed in the present study is arter paclt, 1967. As it us very neglected group in India therefore, the methods used for measurements may be useful for the future workers. The length of the species is measured from the anterior border of the head or if the head is hidden from pronotum to the apex of the tenth tergite. Antennae and caudal appendages never included. The soft-bodied Lcpismatidae arc generaJly preserved in a1chohol and may either shrink or extend after death. When measurements are made, it is always endeavoured to use specimens which have 2 State Fauna Series 3 : Fauna of West Bengal preserved their natural size and shape as far as possible, the same applies to drawings of the body out lines. Even thus, a variations of ± 10% for total length should be aJlowed because of the fact that these insects never SLOp growing, even after physiologicallnaturity. Description of colour is described in two categories a)chitin colour and the presence or absence of hypodermal pigment, and b) the fonnation of pattern by the scales. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Order THYSANURA Sub-order ZYGENTOMA Super family LEPISMATOIDEA Key to the families 1. Eyes and ocelli absent ................................................................................................. Nicoletiidae Eyes present .............................................................................................. ~ ................................... 2 2. Ocelli present; scales absent ................................................................................ Lepidotrichidae Ocelli absent; scales present .................................................................................... Lepismatidae Family LEPISMA TIDAE Key to the Sub families 1. Eyes absent; general body colour white or yellowish, hypodennal pigment absent, scales, if present, white or yellowish, never forming a pattern ................................................. Nicoletiinae Eyes present; general body colur whitish, hypodermal pigment mostly present; scales always present, often forming a definite pattern ................................................................... Lepismalinae Key to the genera of Lcpismalidae I. Dorsal and abdominal setae or bristles arranged singly ............................................................... 4 Dorsal and abdominal setae or bristles arranged in 1+ 1 or 2+2 bristle combs ............................ 2 2. Last tergum not sharply pointed with only 1+ 1 bristle combs ............. Clenolepisma Esch.,1905 Last terguln sharply pointed with more than 1 + 1 bristle combs ................................................ 3 3. Submedian fields of macrochaetae of head capsule narrowly elongated, not attaining the anterior border of head capsule ................................................................................ AcrOlelsa Esch., 1905 HAZRA : Insecta: Thysanura 3 Submedian fields of macrochaetae of head capsule broadly triangular, attaining anterior border of head capsule ................................................................................................. Slylifera Stach, 1932 4. Body limuioid, macrochaeLae bifid or trifid apically, last tergum trapizoidal .............................. . ............................................................................................................ Tricholepisma Paclt, 1967. Genus Ctenoiepisma Escherich, 1905 Key to the species 1. Abdominal terga II-VI with 3+3 bristle combs; maximum length more than 6 mm .................. 2 Abdominal terga II-V with 3+3 bristle combs; maximum length 6 mm .............. nigra (Oudm.) 2. Maximum length about 10 mIn; antennae and caudal filaments not longer than body; distinct violaceous hypodermal pigment on head, body and appendages ........................ ciliata ( Dufour) Maximum length 13-15 Inm ; antennae and caudal appendages longer than body; head, body and appendages without hypodermal pigment ................................................ longicaudata Escherich * 1. Ctenoiepisma iongicaudata Escherich, 1905 (Fig. 3, Map 1) 1905. Ctenolepisma longicaudata Eschcrich, Zoologica ( Stuttgart), Vol. 43 : 83. 1940. Clenolepisma cerbana Slabaugh, Enl. News, Vol. 51 : 95. Material examined: Bankura Dist.: 12 exs. (7 (male), 5 (female), panchubag near Bankura town, under bark of "Shorea robusta", 22. xi. 1974, Dr. A.K. Hazra. Bardhaman Dist. : 5 exs. (3 male, 2 female), Dewandighi, under old books, 9. ix. 1983, Dr. A.K. Hazra. Calcutta dist. : 1 ex. (2 female), from the wall of Jabakusum House 9. i. 1974, P.R. Roy. Darjiling dist. : 10 exs. 6 male, 4 female) Birch Hill, 22. viii. 1975, from old paper, B.K. Biswas; 1 ex ( 1 female and several immature forms), Birch Hill, 22. viii. 1978, B.K. Mondal. Murshidabad dist. : 2 exs. ( 1 male, 1 female), Hazardwari Campus, under bark of mango tree, 4. xi. 1974, Dr. A.K. Hazra. 24-Parganas dist. : 5 exs. ( 2 males, 3 females), Barrackpore, from old books, 31. iii. 1974, C.R. Basu. Diagnosis: Body long. The thorax is very little broader than the abdomen which is gradually tapering with relatively short segments. Length ranges from 13 mm to 15 mm, whitish in colour without marked silvery shun. Antennae, cerci, and median tail appendages are distinctly longer than the body length. Abdominal terga 11-VI with 3 + 3 bristle combs, tergum'X' twice as long as tergite IX, and wide at bse. Posteriorly last abdominaltergum diSLrinctly truncate. Long stylets are present on sternum VIII-IX. Ovipositor long and slender. Distribution: India: West Bengal ( Bankura, Bardhaman, Calcutta, Darjiling, Murshidabad, 24- Parganas) ; USA, South Africa, Australia. 4 Stale Fauna Series 3 : Fauna of West Bengal Remarks: This species is widely distributed in the tropics and sUbtropics of old and New World. The distribution of this species in India is likely to be wide spread, but due to lack ofp roper survey it appears to be restricted in distribution. In West Bengal this species also supposed to be occurred from all the districts. This is vcry common in houses and libraries and a very serious pest in India. speci~s ** 2. Clenoiepisma ciliata (Dufour, 1831) (Fig. 4A, Map. 1) 1831. Lepisma cUiata Dufour, Ann. Sci. nat. Vol. 22: 420. 1838. Lepisma ciliata Burmeister. Ilandb. d. Entomol., Vol. 2 : 458 1846. Lepisma quadrilineata Lucas. Rev. Zool. IX: 254. 1890. Lepisma ciliata Grassi et Rovclli, Nat. Sci. Vol. 9 : 80 Material examined: Bankura dist.: 2 exs (1 malc, 1 female). Bhatapurvillage on the bank of river Darkeswar from leaf litter 20. xi. 1974, colI. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Birbhum Dist. : 2 exs (2 females ), Gonpur village under bark of Shorea robusta 10. xi. 1974 coli. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Calcutta Dist.: 2 exs ( females) from wall of old Z.S.I. office at labakusum House 26. vii. 1976 coil. D.C. Bhattaharyya. Darjiling dist.: lex. (1 female) from the wall of Darjilling Govt. College room 4. vii. 1976, coil. B.G. Kundu. Murshidabad dist. : 2 exs ( 1 female 1 male) Beldanga, under bark of mango tree, colI. Dr. A.K. Hazra, 3 exs ( 3 females, 2 males) Hazardwari Cmnpus under the bark of mango tree 14. xi. 1974, ColI. Dr. A.K. Hazra. 24 Parganas: 1 ex. (1 female) Kakdwip from river side muddy road, 123. iii. 1977, ColI. Dr. A.K. Sanyal. Puruliya dist. : 2, exs ( 1 female, 1 Inale) Ghatiali Hills ( Digha forest) alt. 800 ft. under bark of teak plant coil. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Diagnosis : Body enlongated, head broad, eyes clearly projecting. Thorax broader than the abdomen. Tergite IX small, half the length of tergite VIII. Tergite 'X' is as long as those of IX and VII together, trapizoidal shape, Hypodermal pigment on head, body and appendages. Antennae and cerci shorter than body. Abdominal terga II-VI with 3+3 bristle comhbs. Stylets 2 pairs on VIII and IX. Ovipositor long and slender. Body length: 10 mm. Distribution: India: West Bengal ( Bankura, Birbhum, Calcutta, Darjiling, Murshidabad, 24- Parganas, Puruliya ) ; U.S.A.; Mexico; Africa; Spain. Remarks: This species is recorded for the first time from India. It is widely distributed in Mediteranean. In West Bengal I have collected this species from bark of different trees and in the houses in almost all the districts of West Bengal (South Bcngal). This species is likely to occur in other states of India. 3. Ctenolepisma nigra (Oudemans, 1890) (Fig. 5, Map. 1) 1890. Lepisma nigra Oudcmans, ~Veber Zoolog., Ergebnisse Vol. I : 82 1905. Clenolepisma nigra Eschcrich, Zoologica ( Stuttgart) Vol. 18 : 98 1913. Clenolepisma nigra Sicvestri, Rec.lndian Mus. (Calcutta) 9 : 56-57. HAZRA : Insecta: Thysanura 5 Diagnosis: Body covered with dorsal scales. base of the legs, antennae and cerci are pale yellow in colour. Antennae and caudal appendages are shorter than the body length. Thorax is not wider than the abdomen Inore or less equal in width. Posterior margin of each thoracic segment with few short and long simple setae. The middle portion of the metastcrnum is slightly narrower and posterior is rounded. Posterior part of abdomen is very liule narrower than the anterior abdomen part. First tergum with 2+ 2 bristle combs tergtite 11-V with 3 + 3 bristle combs and tergite VI-VIII with 2 + 2 bristle combs. Stemite 3-8 with 2-3 sub-lateral bristle comb. Internal part of sub-coxae IX long, triangular, narrow and pointed at the tip. Tergitc X short, sub-trapizoidal, angular portion rounded, posterior margin truncate. Ovipositor long, slender, body length: 6 mm. Distribution: India: West Bengal ( Calcutta) ; Sri Lanka; Java. Remarks: This species has not been collected during the present study. The description is based on the literatureo[ Silvestri, who has described the specics [rom a material of Calcutta prescnt in thc collection of the Indian Museum in the year 1913. The species was first described by Oudemans during 1890 from the Indo-Malayan rcgion. Genus Aerotelsa Escherich, 1905 This genus is represented by single species from West Bengal. Hence no species key is provided. * 4. Acreotelsa eollaris ( Fabricius, 1793) ( Fig. 4 B-E, Map. 2) 1793. Leppisma collaris Fabricius, Em. Sysl., II. p. 64. 1873. Lepisma mucronata Packard, Fifth Ann. Rept. Peabody Acad. Sci" pp. 23-51. 1913. Acrolrelsa collaris Silvestri, Rec.lndian Mus. (Calcutta) 9 : 58 Ma lerial examined: Calcutta 8 exs. ( 5 males, 3 females) insect room Indian Museum, 29. vi. 1911. coIl. F.H. Gravely. 24-Parganas dist.: (North: 5 exs. (3 females, 2 males), Barrackpore, 31. iii. 1974, colI. C.R. Basu. Diagnosis: Body long and robust. Base of the body is light yellowish in colour and covered with dark brown scales. The macrochaetac in submedian field of the head capsule are arranged in a narrow elongated which do not touch the 'Interior border of the head capsule (Fig. 6B)/ The prosternum is s~rip, covered by the fore coxae frorn undersidc. A bunch of solitary macrochaetae is present in the middle of the prostemum. The species can also be rccognised by the arrangementofmacrochaetae on legs and cerci which arc in distinct whirls, this type of arrangement of setae on these appendages are not found in other Lepismatids. Tergum X is triangular and sharply pointed with at least 5 pairs of bristle combs. Ovipositor with forsorjul spines apically on posterior gonapophyses and male with parameres. Body length: 16 mm 18 mm. State Fauna Series 3 : Fauna o/West Bengal 6 Distribulion: India; West Bengal (24 Parganas (N) and Calcutta), USA, Carribean Islands. Rernarks: It is a tropicopolitan species. It is present only in two districts of West Bengal in the present sutdy. But it .is likely to occur in almost all the districts of West Bengal, except Hilly districts of North Bengal. Genus Styli/era Stach, 1932 This genus is also represented by a single species from West Bengal. 5. Stylifera wygodzinskyi Hazra, 1980. (Fig. 6, Map 2) 1980. Slylifera wygodzinskyi Hazra, Bull. Zool. Surv.lndia, 2 (2 & 3) : 187-91. Material examined: Bankura dist.: 11 exs. (5 males, 6 females), Bishnupur under bark of Shorea robusta ( Saal ) tree, 24. xi. 1974, colI. A.K. Hazra. Medinipur dist.: 35 exs. ( 18 females, 127 males), Arabari forest under bark of 'Saal' trees, 27 xi. 1974, coli. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Murshidabad dist. : 1 ex. ( 1 male) Golapbag, on termite mound 4. xi. 1974, call. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Puruliya dist: 1 ex ( 1 female), Matha Protected forest from strcaln side litter, 16. xi. 1974, call. Dr. A.K. Hazra; 59 exs (40 females, 19 males) Bundwan forest under bark of 'Saal' trees, 11. xi. 1974, call. Dr. A.K. Hazra. Diagnosis: Head broad. Thorax is little wider than the abdomen, general body colour light yellow, Scales arc dark brown in colour. Hypodermal pigments arc distinct on antennae, on the labial palp and on the caudal appendages. Antennae more or less as long as body. Prosternum triangular posteriorly not narrow, lateral borders with 3+3 bristle combs each composed of setae. Mesosternum more wider than prosternuln lateral border with 2+2 bristle combs. Metasternum wide and apically rounded with 1+ 1 bristle combs. Abdominalterga II-VII with 3+ 3 bristle combs. Tergum I with 1 + 1 bristle comb. Tergum VIII with 2 + 2 bristle combs, tergum IX without any bristle comb. Tergum VIII and IX with stylets. Tergum X long, triangular and pointed lateral margin with 4 pairs of 1 + 1 bristle combs ( Fig. 7A ). Urosternum 3-8 with 1 + 1 sublateral bristles combs. Ovipositor is as long as the inner process of coxite IX and covered by it. Anterior gonapophyses with 6-7 pointed fossorial spines. Distribution; India: West Bengal ( Bankura, Medinipur, Murshidabad, Puruliya ). RefTlarks: The species occurs in the forests of southern part of West Bengal. It is likely that this species will also occur froln other districts of West Bengfal and also in other states of India where 'Saal" trees prevailed. Genus Tric/Zolepisma Pach, 1967 ** 6. Triclloiepisma gravely; (Silvestri, 1913) ( Fig. 5C, Map 2) 1913. Lepi.wna gravelyi Silvestri, Rec.lnd. Mus. 9 : 53. 1967. Lepi.wna (Tricholepislna) grravelyi Paclt, Genera Inseclorum 218 : 23. 1981. /tslerolepisrna ( /tslerolepi.wna ) gravelyi Mendes, Rev. Zool. afro 95 (1) : 200.