Insect Sounds and Communication: Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology, and Evolution (Contemporary Topics in Entomology)

552 Pages·2005·19.57 MB·English

by  Sakis Drosopoulos (Editor)

INSECT SOUNDS AND
COMMUNICATION
Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution

CONTEMPORARY TOPICS in ENTOMOLOGY Series
THOMAS A. MILLER E
DITOR
INSECT SOUNDS AND
COMMUNICATION
Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution
Edited by
Sakis Drosopoulos
Michael F. Claridge
2060_Discl.fm Page 1 Tuesday, September 13, 2005 10:57 AM
Published in 2006 by
CRC Press
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-2060-7 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-2060-6 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Insect sounds and communication : physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution / edited by Sakis
Drosopoulos and Michael F. Claridge.
p. cm. -- (Contemporary topics in entomology series)
ISBN 0-8493-2060-7 (alk. paper)
1. Insect sounds. 2. Sound production by insects. 3. Animal communication. I. Drosopoulos, Sakis. II.
Claridge, Michael F. III. Series.
QL496.5.I57 2005
595.7159--dc22 2005048600
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Sakis Drosopoulos
Mike Claridge

Preface
Thereisnolifewithoutvarioussortsofsounds.Astronautsmustbetheonlypersonswhocanhave
such an experience, being in space where silence is absolute. Therefore a special sense has been
developed for receiving sounds in all animal species, including insects. In human beings sounds
expressed by languages are specific, but differentiated in time and space. As a European visiting
SoutheastAsiaforthefirsttimeIfeltreallyisolatednotbeingabletocommunicatewiththelocal
people who spoke only their native language. I cannot forget how nice I felt when a friendly cat
approached me obviously calling in a way familiar to me. At that moment I asked myself why
humansdevelopedsomanylanguagesthatcanbeusedonlybetweenthem,exceptwhensomeof
themhavelearnedacommonspokenlanguage,asforexampleinourdays,English.Philosophising
thisexperiencewithouthavingthoughtorbeeninformedpreviously,Icametothequestion:could
this development be a spontaneous linguistic differentiation that for the human species could be
analogous towhatwe call for other animal species an “isolatingmechanism?”
SuchquestionsIhadraisedduringmychildhoodlivinginmyvillagewherenaturewas,andstill
is, wonderful for naturalists. Several questions occurred to me there with no reasonable answers
available from local people. I was therefore lucky as a postgraduate student in Holland to meet
Prof.Rene´ Cobben,whovisitedwithmethisareaofGreece,whichheappreciatedverymuch.In
latervisitshecouldnotstayinAthensmorethanonenight.Ofcourseinthatareathewholedaywas
spentwithmeobservingandcollectinginsects,especiallythosethathecouldfindonlyinstrictly
protectedareasathomeinHolland.Itisnotsurprisingthatinthisareawefoundforthefirsttimethe
planthopper, Muellerianella fairmairei, consisting only of diploid individuals in contrast to what
we had found previously in Holland where a mixture of both diploid and triploid specimens
occurred.WiththisscientistIfeltthatIcouldlearn,sincelearningwasalwaysandstillismymain
principle. Thereforeat this point andin respect for his personality Imustrefer to himbriefly. He
was a great teacher who introduced his students to the field of biology, which is in danger of
extinction in our days, classic systematics. He taught us the basic morphology of insects in the
laboratoryofhisowncollection,andheexploredwithusinthefield,wherewewereintroducedto
collecting species both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this way we were stimulated to make
studies on the ecology of the species under investigation, especially food plants, biotopes, etc.
However,asanexpertinsuchstudieshecouldseethatthesystematicsandecologyofspecieswere
notenoughtosolvetaxonomicproblemsofcloselyrelatedspeciesthateverygoodnaturalistcould
detect, but that are impossible to separate only by such studies. Having excellent facilities in his
laboratory for rearing insects under controlled temperature, humidity and photoperiod, he
suggested that we start biosystematic studies (genetics, ethology, physiology, reproduction and
other aspects of the biology of each species). This way of studying species stimulated his first
studentstobeinvolvedinfieldswithwhichpreviouslynobodywasfamiliar,buttheneedtosolve
questions sooner or later made them experts in particular fields, such as, for example, cytology
and acoustics.
Duringthelast10yearsIdeveloped,togetherwithPortuguesecolleaguesandMikeClaridge,
a common project on investigating for the first time in Greece the acoustic signals of two genera
ofCicadas,sincepreviousfaunisticinvestigationsIhadmadeonsomeGreekislandsappearedto
show some acoustic differentiation. Data presented at the Thessaloniki European Entomological
Congress in October 2002, at a Symposium on Insect Acoustics organised by the two current
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viii Preface
Editors of this book, impressed Prof. Tom Miller so much that he invited us to write a book on
the subject. The answer to Tom was that we will try, but we will tell you after 2002. Mike and
Iwereawarethatsuchabookcouldnotbewrittenbyoneperson,althoughImyselfpreferbooks
written by only one or two persons. Four months later and after having contacted most of the
eventual contributors, whom we already knew, we answered to the insistence of our friend Tom
that we were willing to take on this ambitious, but difficult job, as it has now proved two years
later. At this point I must mention our sincere thanks to four particular colleagues and friends
who really encouraged us as editors — Prof. Hannelore Hoch (Berlin), Prof. Matija Gogala and
Dr. Meta Virant-Doberlet (Slovenia) and Dr. Je´roˆme Sueur (France). These colleagues, world
expertsinthissubject,notonlyacceptedinvitationstocontributeasauthorstothebook,butthey
suggested to us some other contributors not previously known to us. In addition I invited some
contributors well known to us, but whose work was not well known in international journals. To
all contributors we express our sincere thanks, not only for their chapters finally all presented in
this book, but also for accepting the “hard” revising and commenting, especially by Mike, on
their manuscripts. Worth particular mention here is the contribution of Prof. Winston Bailey
(Australia),whoacceptedtocontributetothisbookdespitethefactthathehadalreadypublished
an excellent book of his own on the same subject in 1991.
The idea of supplementing this book with a DVD was made by Prof. H. Hoch and later
implemented by my dearest colleague, Elias Eliopoulos, also an expert in electronics, like my
friendMatijaGogala,whoalsorevisedseveralchapters.OntheaccompanyingDVDthereaderwill
find color photographs of many of the insects, acoustic analyses, and also the sound emitted by
them. In addition is the full text in French of the contribution of the famous cicadologist, Prof.
MichelBoulard,Paris.Toallofthesecolleaguesandtheothercontributorsweexpressourrealand
honest thanks.However,there are nowordstothankavery special virologist,mywife, Hanneke
Drosopoulou-van Albada, who spent many months of hard work in the background bringing this
book toits publishedform.
Finally, andfollowingthe subtitle ofthe book, there are notonly data on acoustics presented
here, but these data are related also to many other topics, such as morphology, systematics,
ethology, ecology, physiology, genetics, cytogenetics, polymorphism and of course bisexual and
unisexual reproduction. All these provide serious knowledge for new discussions on evolution.
Sakis Drosopoulos
The Editors
Sakis Drosopoulos Ph.D. is Professor of Systematics and Biosystematics in the Department of
AgriculturalBiotechnology oftheAgriculturalUniversityofAthens.Since1972hisresearch has
focusedontwotopics:firstfaunisticandfloristicinvestigationsonphytophageousHemipteraand
second biosystematics (ecology, ethology, genetics) of species complexes, which are difficult to
separateonlybypuremorphologicalcharacters.Allthesestillongoingstudiesledhimtodevelop
his own ideas on the evolution of bisexual, pseudogamous and parthenogenetic organisms world
wide.Someoftheseideasarepresentedforthefirsttimeinthisbook.Heenrichedhisknowledge
as an active member of the Hellenic Zoological Society, havingcontactswithvariouszoologists
from all over the world, organising or
participating in several international con-
gresses and collaborating with many distin-
guished scientists, amongst whom is
Professor Michael Claridge, with whom he
has shared a warm and firm friendship
since1975.
MikeClaridgeisEmeritusProfessorof
Entomology at the University of Wales,
Cardiff, U.K., where he served as Head of
the School of Pure and Applied Biology
from1989to1994.Hegraduatedinzoology
at the University of Oxford where he SakisDrosopoulos(left)andMichaelClaridge(right).
PhotobyHannekeDrosopoulou
continued for a D. Phil. in the Hope
Department of Entomology. His career
subsequently was based continuously in Cardiff, from 1959 to 1999, though many field projects
on a wide variety of insects have taken him throughout Europe, Australia and tropical South and
Southeast Asia. Hisresearch interests have always centred on species problemsand speciationin
insects.In1997hecoedited,withHassanDawahandMikeWilson,andauthoredtwochaptersin
a multi-author volume Species: The Units of Biodiversity (Chapman & Hall). He came relatively
late to studies on acoustic behaviour in order to identify specific mate recognition systems and
species isolating barriers in leafhoppers and planthoppers. He has had the privilege to serve as
President of the Linnean Society of London (1988–1991), the Systematics Association (1991–
1994) and the Royal Entomological Society of London (2000–2002). He was awarded the
Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society in 2000 for services to zoology. His long friendship with
Sakis Drosopoulos and love affair with Greece have resulted in the present book.
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