Insect Anatomy and Physiology PDF
Preview Insect Anatomy and Physiology
3/17/2017 Insect Anatomy and What is an insect? Physiology Gross Destructive Strange Beautiful Fascinating Dr. Jonathan L. Larson But, where do they fit into the Extension entomologist larger Animal kingdom? How do they work? Arthropoda: A phylum of animals more Eukaryota Domain commonly known as arthropods Insects are one of the representative classes within Arthropoda Kingdom Animalia Chordata Phylum Mammalia Class Primates Order Hominidae Ooh, rainbow Family Homo Genus Most of life on Earth is a member of phylum Species sapiens Arthropoda! Eukaryota Domain Animalia Kingdom Arthropoda Phylum Arthropods descended Insecta from marine worms of Class Cambrian era (~500 Hymenoptera Order million years ago) Apidae Family Apis Genus Species melifera 1 3/17/2017 Once upon a time… Precursor to insects? Onychophora Articulated appendages Mouthparts May be early ancestor or sister Enid, the ancestor to arthropods group Velvet Worm First known land animal Pneumodesmusnewmani Uniting traits of arthropods Arthropoda First is hidden in the name “Arthropoda” Greek ἄρθρον; árthron: meaning joint Mandibles Chelicera πούς; pous(podos): meaningfoot Insecta Crustacea Myriapoda Arachnids Merostomata 1. All arthropods have jointed appendages 2 3/17/2017 2. All arthropods have bilateral 3. Arthropods have segmented symmetry bodies 4. Arthropods have an exoskeleton, a Arthropoda waxy cuticle over whole body Mandibles Chelicera Insecta Crustacea Myriapoda Arachnids Merostomata “A suit of armor” provides protection from attack or injury, Muscles attach directly to the body wall, stops fluid loss Arthropods with chelicera lack jaws, Merostomata(Thigh mouth): Sea chelicera can chop food/inject venom scorpions and horseshoe crabs The end result of feeding can be a All have book gills, 6 pairs of appendages, crunched up ball or a hollow body and a pair of compound eyes 3 3/17/2017 Only extant members of merostomata Arachnida (Spider): All arachnids are the horseshoe crabs Scorpiones Acari Aranea Have been around for 450 million years, are Scorpions, ticks, mites, spiders, etc. considered living fossils Traits: 2 body segments, no All other arthropods have mandibles antennae, 4 pairs of legs byfir0002 Myriapoda(Many legs): Centipedes and Crustacea (Hard shelled ones): their cousins the millipedes Crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, etc. Centipedes Millipedes Common traits: 1 pair of Common traits: 1 pair of Common traits:2 body segments, 2 pairs of antennae, 1 pair of legs per antennae, 2 pairs of legs antennae, 5-7 pairs of legs, swimmerets or gills body segment, flat bodies, per body segment, round venomous jaws bodies, decomposers 4 3/17/2017 Insecta (Cut into sections): All of Photos by Alex Wild: http://www.alexanderwild.com/ the insects Common traits:3 body segments, 1 pair of antennae, 3 pairs of legs Despite looking wildly different, these are all insects!! Possibly upwards of 30 million species Most biodiverse group on Earth: There are in existence more than 1 million species identified Daly (1978) We will remove some of the How to build a bug! mystery of insects Just let me fasten these together, then we can get lunch. Ta-da! Understanding insect anatomy helps with identification and pest management strategies 5 3/17/2017 The Head: Serves as the center for sensory Insects have 3 distinct body input from sensory organs sections Rhett Stuart Also houses the insect’s largest ganglion Some have ocelli, or simple eyes. These perceive light and dark Insects have one pair of compound eyes JJ Harrison Made up of many facets that create a composite image Compound eyes detect movement, Insects also perceive color make insect nearsighted differently than us 6 3/17/2017 All insects come with a pair of Antennae can tell the insect they are antennae, located on head touching something delicious to eat Antennae are for smelling, touching, and even hearing Or, could help them orient towards a food source Antennae also detect pheromones (a hormone that affects fellow individuals) All antennae are divided into 3 parts Aggregation Alarm Epideictic Trail Sexual Pheromones differ from sight or sound signals as they travel Scape, pedicel, and flagellum; will help with slowly, do not fade quickly, and are effective over a long range identification! Filiform antennae: Segments are same Pectinate and Plumose size, threadlike in appearance Suggestive of a comb Feather-like Most common type of antennae Lots of surface areas to pick up more info 7 3/17/2017 Serrate and Lamellate Aristate and Setaceous A balloon with a plumose antennae Like a thin mustache Only on flies On fast fliers Saw like Fan-like, pages in book Geniculate aka elbowed Capitate and Clavate Insect mouthparts come in many Chewing mouth: Most common shapes and size, can be diagnostic Appears in many groups, both herbivores and predators 8 3/17/2017 Chewing mouths lead to many different types of Piercing-sucking: 2nd most common, damage/symptoms can be used on plants or on animals BTeedxbausg Asi&nMNYC.com Needle like mouthparts used to siphon fluids for food Piercing-sucking creates Sponging mouthparts: Must liquify distinctive damage as well your food first Plant damage Skin damage Found mainly on flies Siphoning mouthparts: Straw like Chewing-lapping: Used to consume proboscis for liquid food both pollen and nectar Found mainly on butterflies and moths Wasps, bees, and few others 9 3/17/2017 Thorax: Main purpose is for locomotion, the Insects are the only invertebrates to insect’s legs and wings are located here have evolved wings Purdue Wings are usually membranous with veins, wing folding is more advanced Not all insects have wings though All insects have 3 pairs of jointed legs Some have no wings at all, others only have wing pads and they don’t develop Thorax is a cylinder with 9 pieces We aren’t so different… Trochanter Coxa Coxa Femur Femur Trochanter Tibia Tibia Tarsi Pro-Thorax Meso-Thorax Meta-Thorax Tarsi Pro-legs Meso-legs Meta-legs Pre-tarsi 10
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