Inscription from Archaic Axos, Crete

35 Pages·2011·3.89 MB·English

OF BATTLE, BOOTY, AND (CITIZEN) WOMEN: A "New" Inscription from Archaic Axos, Crete
Author(s): Paula J. Perlman
Source: Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 79,
No. 1 (January-March 2010), pp. 79-112
Published by: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40835455 .
Accessed: 18/03/2014 10:12
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
„..„..a„ (»..) OF BATTLE, BOOTY, AND
P"g"79""
(CITIZEN) WOMEN
A "New" Inscription from
Archaic Axos, Crete
ABSTRACT
The authorp roposesa join betweent wop reviouslyun associatedin scribed
blocksf romA xos,C rete.T hese Archaici nscription(IsC II v 5 andI C II v 6)
aren owl ost,b utp ublishedd escriptionasn dd rawingosf t heb locksa, longw ith
thet extt hatr esultsf romt hisv irtuajlo in, stronglsyu pportt heira ssociation.
The new,c ompositet extp reserveps arto fa law or interstataeg reemenatn d
appearst o concernr itualsa ttendantto w ar;i ti s examinedh erei nt heb roader
contexot fC retand edicatoryha bitsa nd societyd uringt heL ate IronA ge and
theA rchaicp eriod.
INTRODUCTION
AncienAt xosw asl ocatedin n orth-centCrrale tein t hef oothilolsf P siloritis
(Mt. Ida), roughlmy idwaybe tweenth em odernci tieso fH erakleionan d
RethymnonE.x1c avationosn thea cropolios ft hep olis-towlna tei n the
19thc enturrye vealedth er emainosf a largep ublicb uildingd atingt o the
Archaicp eriodA. numbeorf b locksb elievedto havec omef romth ew alls
oft hisb uildingb eari nscriptionins t hee pichoriacl phabeot fA xos.T his
articlfe ocuseosn twoo ft hesei nscriptionIns,s criptioncrees tica(IeC ) II v 5
andI C II v 6. Althoughau topsyis notp ossiblea,s thec urrenlto cationo f
theb locksi s unknownt,h ep ublishedde scriptionans dd rawingosf t hem,
as wella s thet extt hatr esultfsr omth eirp roposedas sociationsu, ggestth at
IC II v 5 andI C II v 6 belongt ogethepre, rhapes ven" joininga"l ongt he
righte dgeo fI C II v 6 and thel efte dgeo fI C II v 5. The newt extt hat
resultfsr omth is" join"s eemst o concernri tualast tendantto w arp, ossibly
1. See Perlman2 004b,p p. 1153- AnnualM eetingo ft heA merican GagarinD, avid Hill, Charalambos
1154,n o. 950. PhilologicaAl ssociation(S an Fran- KritzasM, ark Southerna,n d thet wo
Earlyv ersionos ft hisp aperw ere cisco,J anuar2y- 5, 2004). I wouldl ike anonymouHs esperiar efereefso rt heir
presenteadt thei nternationcaol nfer- to thankt hem emberos fb otha udi- insightfucol mmentsa,n d to BethC hi-
ence" O M')À,otiót(Xa(irocçót t|va pxotió- encesf ort heirr emarkasn d Constanze chesterf orp reparinFgi gures1 and 2.
xT|xaa >ça f|(xepa("P anormoC, rete, Wittf ord eliverintgh ep aperf orm e in All translationasr em yo wn.
October2 4-30, 2003) and at the1 35th San FranciscoI. am gratefutlo Michael
© The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
8o PAULA J. PERLMAN
includinsga crificaen dt het ithinogf b ootyO. fp articulainr teresist a refer-
encet op áaxai( "citizewn omen"i)n t hisc ontexta ,r eferentche atm ays hed
lighto nt hec ultso fg oddesseast s everaCl retansa nctuarieins,c ludinogn ea t
Axosi tselfw,i thv otivaes semblagceos nsistinogfa rmsa,r moran, dt erracotta
figurinoefs n akeda ndc lothedf emalesI .b eginw itha briefh istoroyf t he
discoverayn ds ubsequenfta teo ft heA rchaice pichoriicn scriptionfrs om
Axosb eforteu rnintgo a closes tudyo ft he1 9th-a nde arly-20th-century
drawingosn whicht hen ewc omposittee xti s based.I concludew itha n
exploratioonft heb roadehr istoriciaml plicationofst hec omposittee xtf or
LateA rchaicA xosa ndC rete.
DISCOVERY AND LOSS OF THE EPICHORIC
INSCRIPTIONS OF AXOS
Moderns tudyo ft heA rchaice pichoriicn scriptionofs A xosb eganw ith
thep ublicatioinn 1865o fC olonelT . A. B. Spratst Travelasn dR esearches
in CreteI.n hisa ccounto ft her emainosf a ncienAt xos,S prattd escribed
a slabo fm arblbe earinga "verycu riouisn scriptioinn characterpsa rtially
reverseadn do fv erye arlyd ate/'S2p rattd iscoveretdh isi nscribebdl ocka t
a sprinng eart hem odernvi llageo fA xos.3A lthouglho calw omenh adu sed
it as a surfacfeo rs crubbintgh eirc lothest,h usw earingaw aym ucho ft he
originaslu rfaceS,p rattm anagedto transcribpea rtso ft het ext.
In thef allo f1 879,t heF renchep igrapheBre rnarHd aussoullievri sited
Axosa nd transcribeadn additionafl ivee pichoriicn scription(Tsa ble 1,
nos.5 -8, 10A).T hesew erep ublishedin 1885.4A t aboutt hes amet ime
(1884-1887)t, heI taliana rchaeologiasnt de pigrapheFre dericoH albherr
includedA xosi n hisi tinerarwyh enh e exploredC reteo n behalfo f the
Ministerdoe ll'IstruzionPue bblica.A5 lthoughh ew asu nablet ol ocatet he
inscribe"dm arblsel ab"t hatS pratth ad transcribeHda, lbherrd iscovered
fourp reviousulyn knowAnr chaiicn scriptio(nTsa ble1 ,n os.1 -3,1 0B) and
reexaminetdh eo nest hatH aussoulliehra da lreadyst udied.
In thef inadl ecadeso ft he1 9thc enturyDo, menicoC omparetptiu b-
lishedt he1 1 Archaicin scriptionofsA xost hatw eret henk nowni,n cor-
poratinHg albherrn'so tesa ndd rawingasn da ddings omec ommentaroyf
hiso wn( Table1 , nos.1 -10B).6E ighto ft hese1 1 texts(n os.1 -8) were
inscribeodn blockso fl ocall imestoneC.o mparettcio ncludedth ats even
2. Spratt1 865,p p. 77-78 (with Descrittiondee ll'isolda i Creta.S ee Teza pp. 131-162; Comparett1i8 93,
quoteo n p. 78), 424-425,p l. 11:5.I t is 1883; Comparett1i 884. Barozzid id pp. 381-418. Halbherrs notesa ppear
veryu nlikelyth att heb lockw as marble. noti ndicatew herea t Axosh e saw the in identicafl orma s thec riticaalp pa-
All otheri nscribedb locksf romA xos inscribedb lock. ratusi n bothp ublicationsC.o mpa-
areo ft hel ocall imestoneF. ort he 4. Haussoullier1 885. Haussoullier rettri evisedh is ownc ommentaroyf
inscriptiotno whichS prattr eferss,e e briefldye scribeda sixthi nscription 1888 in thel aterp ublicationT.h e
Table 1, no. 9. (Table 1, no. 4), butd id noti ncludea fourn ewi nscriptionins cludedn o. 10B
3. Sprattw as not,a s it turnso ut, drawingo r a transcriptioonfi t. in Table 1, inscribedon theb acko f
thef irstto haves tudiedt hisi nscrip- 5. Fora n accounto ft hep ioneering theb lockb earingo ne oft hei nscrip-
tion.T he VenetianF rancescoB arozzi researchof H albherra nd otherI talian tionsf irspt ublishedb yH aussoullier
(1537-1604) includeda transcription scholarsa t Axos,s ee Aversa2 006. (no. 10A).
oft het exti n his 1577 manuscript, 6. Comparettain d Halbherr1 888,
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
a "new" inscription from archaic axos 8i
TABLE 1. CONCORDANCE OF THE ARCHAIC INSCRIPTIONS FROM AXOS
Haussoullier Comparetatni d Comparetti Bile1 988, Koerner
Inscription ICIIv 1885 Halbherr1 888 1893 SGDI pp. 28-69 1993 Nomima
11 1,2 183 5125a no. 101 1.28
2 2 3a + b 184 5125b no. 102 1.28
3 3 4 185 5125c no. 103
4 4 (no drawing) 5 186 5125d no. 104
5 5 3 6 187 5126a,b
6 6 17 188 5126a,b
7 7 2 8 189 5126c
8 8 5 9 190
9 9 10 191 5128 nos. 106,107
10A 10A 4 lia 192a 5126d,5 129a,b
10B 10B lib 192b
lla-f lla-f
12A,B 12a + a',b + b' no. 108
13a-d 13a-d
14a-h 14a-h
15 15
16 no. 27 no. 105 1.29
17 no. 45 2.18
of them( nos. 1-7) camef romt hew allso f theA rchaicb uildingw hose
remainws erev isibleo n thea ncienta cropolis.D7u ringt hef allo f 1899,
Halbherran dG aetanod e Sanctise xcavatetdh eA rchaicb uildingon the
acropolisw, hicht heyi dentifieads a templea,n d a templein thes addle
belowa ndt o thee asto ft hea cropolissi te.8T heire xcavationysi eldeda n
additionasli xf ragmenotfsi nscribebdl ocksf romth ea cropolissi tea nd1 6
fromth ev icinitoyf t het emplein t hes addleT. he 22 inscriptiofnrso mth e
excavationosf 1 899,t ogethewri tho nea dditionaflr agmenofta ne arlyt ext
inscribeodn a blockr eusedin a villaghe ouset hatd e Sanctihs adt ranscribed
in 1899,w eref irsptu blisheidn 1939i n thes econdv olumeo fM argherita
Guarduccsi I nscriptiocnreest icaeS.i9n cet hent,h et extosf t won ewe pichoric
inscriptionfrs omA xosh aveb eenp ublished.10
7. Comparett1i8 93,p . 383.T he (de Sanctis).G uarduccia ppearst o have Inscriptionecsr eticaea s Guarducci's.
case fora ssociatintgh esei nscribed studiedn os. 12 and 13 aftert heyh ad 10.J effer1y9 49,p p. 34-36, no. 8
blocksw itht heA rchaics tructuroen beent ransferrteod t hem useumin (= Table 1, no. 16); SEG XXIII 565A
thea cropoliiss notc onclusives;e e Perl- HerakleionA. lthought hef acsimile and B (= Table 1, no. 17). Jeffernyo ted
man2 004a,p p. 191-192. drawingosf t her emaininAg rchaic thatt hel ocal familyf romw homt he
8. Halbherr1 899; Savignon1i 900, inscriptionosf A xos thats hep resents GreekA rchaeologicaSle rvicea cquired
pp. 311-312; Levi 1930-1931,p p. 44- in IC II v aren oti denticatl o thed raw- thet woj oiningf ragmentosf n o. 16
48, figs3. , 4; Aversaa nd Monaco 2006. ingsi n thee arlierp ublicationosf H aus- indicatedt hatt hef ragmenthsa d come
The acropolibs uildingi,f i tw as indeed soullierH, albherra,n d Comparettti,o fromt hea cropolisS. he suggestedth at
a templem, ayh aveb elongedt o Apollo theb esto fm yk nowledgGe uarducci thei nscriptiocna meo riginallfyr om
and theo ne belowi t to a goddess;s ee did noth erselfex aminet hes tonesI. thet emplei n thes addle.T he details
Perlman2 000,p p..7 3-74; 2004a, suspectt hatt hesed rawingds epend oft hed iscoveryof n o. 17 aren ot
pp. 188-191;a nd below,p p. 104-105. upont heu npublishend otesa nd draw- publishedY. annisT zifopoulos(p ers.
9. Table 1: no. 11 (sixf ragments ingso fH albherra nd de Sanctiso, r comm.)r eporttsh er ecentd iscoveryat
fromt hea cropolis)n; os. 12-14 (16 upont heirp ersonacl ommunication. Axos ofa t leasto ne additionael picho-
fragmenftsr omt hes addle);n o. 15 Even so,I shallr eferto thed rawingisn rici nscription.
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
82 PAULA J. PERLMAN
The 20thc enturwy as notk indt o theA rchaicin scriptionofs A xos.
Of thoses tudiedb ys cholarisn thep recedincge nturyin,c ludintgh eo nes
discoverebdy H albherran dd e Sanctisd uringt heire xcavationins 1899,
I havea scertainetdh ec urrenlto cationos fo nlyt wo.1A1 mongt heu nlo-
cated,1e2a rlyin scriptiofnrs omA xosa reI C II v 5 andI C II v 6 (Table1 ,
nos.5 and6 ), thef ocuso ft hisa rticle.
THE "NEW" INSCRIPTION: IC II v S + IC II v 6
In thef alol f1 879,H aussoulliedri scovereICdH v 5,r eusedin a housei nt he
modernv illagea,n dI CH v 6, on thea cropoliosf A xos.1T3h e blocksw ere
examinebdy H aussoulliearn d Halbherra,n dp ublishedb yH aussoullier,
Halbherra,n dC omparettini thef inatl wod ecadeso ft he1 9thc entury.14
AnneJ effereyxa mineIdC II v 5 (hereafteArx, os5 ) inJ une1 947 andi s
likelyt o havee xaminedIC II v 6 (hereafteArx, os 6) thena s well;s he
notedt hatt heb lockb earingA xos5 was located" in thei nners tableo f
theh ouseT ioáicriç,a"n dw as" nearliyll egible."T1h5 e drawingosf A xos5
ofH albher(rF ig.1 :2b,3 b),G uarducc(iF ig. 1:4b),a ndJ effer(Fyi g.1 :5b)
depicta roughlrye ctangulbarlo ckb, rokenac rosst het op,w ithp reserved
edgesa t thel eftr, ighta,n db ottomB. ecauseo ft hel aterr euseo fA xos5 ,
we cannotc oncludet hatt hesee dgesw ereo riginala,l thougha,s I argue
belowI, thinkt hatt heyw ereA. xos6 , too,i s inscribeodn a blockt hati s
roughlyre ctangulaerx,c eptf ora notcht hate xtendlse ftf romt hel ower
righcto rnesrl ightlmy oret hanh alfwaaylo ngt heb ottomed geo ft heb lock
(Fig. l:2a-5a). Therei s no reasont o suspectt hatt heb lockw as reçutf or
reusef ollowinigts i nscribing.
The textso fb othA xos5 andA xos6 begina t ther ighta ndp roceed
in continuoubso ustrophedofno rs evenl ines.T he factt hatA xos6 , the
onlyo neo ft hea cropolitse xtws itha preserveudp pere dge,b eginsw itha
liner unninfgr omr ightto l eftis significanats ,I discussf urthebre lowA. n
eighthli neo ft exti s inscribeodn the" tab"a t theb ottomle fto fA xos6 ,
buti ti s notp ossiblet o determinites d irection.
11.T able 1, no. 1 (on thea cropolis, difficultiny p rovingth atu nlocated
neart her emainos ft heA rchaicb uild- inscriptionasr ea ctuallylo st.
ing)a nd no. 12A,B (Herakleion 13. Haussoullier1 885,p p. 1-2.
Museum9 8). Jeffer(LyS AG,p . 316, 14. IC II v 5 (Table 1, no. 5): Haus-
nos.2 1, 22) indicatedt hatn os.2 -8, 11, soullier1 885,p . 2, no. 3; Comparetti
13,a nd 14 werea lso in theH erakleion and Halbherr1 888,p p. 145-146,n o. 6;
Museum,b utI was nota ble to find Comparett1i 893,p p. 401-402,n o. 187.
themt herei n 2007 or 2009. It appears IC II v 6 (Table 1, no. 6): Haussoul-
thatJ effereyx aminedm anyp, erhapsa ll, lier1 885,p . 2, no. 1; Comparettain d
oft heA rchaici nscriptionfsr omA xos Halbherr1 888,p p. 147-148,n o. 7;
in 1947. Ford igitizedim ageso fh er Comparett1i 893,p p. 403-404,n o. 188.
notesa nd drawingosf t heset extss,e e 15. Poinikasta"sn: otesd, wgsa nd
PoinikastaNs.o . 16 is also in theH era- transliteratioonfs3 16.22 (IC 2.5.4,
kleionM useum( inv.n o.2 79), noti n IC 2.5.5,I C 2.5.6,I C 2.5.7)." See
theR ethymnoMn useuma s Jeffery http://poinikastas.csad.ox.ac.uk,
(LSAG,p . 316, no.2 3) stated. accessedu nderL SAG referencneu mber
12.T zifopoulo(s2 006) notest he 316.22.
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
a "new" inscription from archaic axos 83
Halbherra nd Guarduccir ecordedt hes ize oft hel etterisn bothA xos 5
andA xos 6 as 0.07-0.08 m.16Thes caled rawingos fG uarducci1s7u ggestt hat
thes pacingo ft hel ettersa nd the spacingb etweenl inesa rev erys imilaro n
the two blocks,a s are the shapeso f the lettersF. or example,t he crossbars
ofa ll alphast hata ren oth orizontasl loped ownf romle ftt o rightr, egardless
of the directiono f thel ine.F urthermorteh, e samev ariationsin thef orms
of individuall ettersa ppeari n both Axos 5 and Axos 6 (e.g., alpha witha
horizontaol r an oblique crossbare,p silonw ithh orizontaol r oblique arms,
tau withe ithera shorto r a long horizontals troke).18
In lighto ft he similaritieisn thes ize and shape oft hel ettersC, ompa-
rett'is suggestiont hatt het wob locksm ightb elongt o thes ame inscription
is not surprising.1If9 a nya ttemptw as everm ade to determinew hethera
physicajlo in of the two blocksw as possible,t herei s no mentiono f it in
the publicationr ecord.2B0 ut when the lefte dge of the scale drawingo f
Axos 5 is placed nextt o the righte dge of the drawingo f Axos 6, so that
thel owerl eftc ornero fA xos 5 alignsw itht hel owerr ightc ornero fA xos 6,
the similaritieisn the layouto f the texta crosst he two blocksa re striking
(Fig. 2). Not onlyd oes the texta lignp erfectlyac rosst he two blocks,b ut
the lettersa ppeart o be slightlyla rgera nd morew idelys paced in the first
threel ineso n bothb lockst hant heya re in the fourl inest hatf ollowF. ur-
thermoret,h e lettersi n line 7 on Axos 5 and the pi at the righti n line 7
on Axos 6 appeart o resto n thel owere dges of theb locks,w hilet hel ower
portionso f the six letterst o the lefto f the pi (on Axos 6) are lost as the
notchi n Axos 6 rises slightlyf romr ightt o left.T his suggestst hatt he
lowere dge ofA xos 5 serveda s a horizontagl uidef orl ine 7 acrosst hej oin.
The orientationo fl ine 7 was maintainedo n Axos 6, event hought hej oin
betweenA xos 6 and the block immediatelyb eneathi t forcedt he mason
to inscribet he lowert ipso f the letterso n the blockb elow.
An observationo f a differenkti nda lso recommendass sociatingt hese
twoi nscribedb locks.T he termn óXe[ioqo ccurso nce in Axos 5, line2 , and
16. Halbherrin Comparettain d scalef ort hesed rawinghs as beenr e- legalc ode ofc a. 525-500 b.c. It is not
Halbherr1 888,p p. 146-148,a nd Com- storedh eret o approximatel1y:1 5 clearw hetheJr effermye antt het erm
parett1i 893,p p. 401-404; Guarducci (Fig. 1:2a,2 b,3 a, 3b). "code"i n thes enseo fa n organized
in IC II, p. 54. 18.T he sameo bservationcso ncern- collectiono fl aws,o r to indicatela ws
17. Halbherr(C omparettain d Halb- ingt hes ize and shapeo ft hel etterasr e inscribedto getheorn thew allso ft he
herr1 888,p p. 129-130;C omparetti trueo fa n additionasl ixo ft heA rchaic sameb uildingb yt hes amem asonT. he
1893,p . 383) claimedt hath isd raw- inscriptionfsr omt hea cropolis(T able 1, evidenceis nots ufficientot supportt he
ingsw eret o scale( 1:10). At thes cale nos. 1-4, 7, and 11). It is possiblet hat firsotf t het woa lternatives.
of 1:10,t hed rawingssh ouldm easure thes amem asoni nscribedal l oft hese 19. Comparettain d Halbherr1 888,
as follows(a s theyd o in Guarducci, inscriptionasl,t houghIk onomaki p. 147; Comparett1i 893,p . 403.
IC II, and in Fig. 2, below):A xos5 : (2005) discernssu fficienvta riationin 20. It is importantto keepi n mind
H. 0.063,W . 0.073 m; Axos6 : theirle tterf ormts o attributteh emt o thec onsiderablsei ze (and so weight)o f
H. 0.076 (at left)W, . 0.094 m. How- differenmt asonsw orkingd uringt he theb locks( form easurementsse,e
everH, albherr'ds rawingws eren ot periodc a. 550-475 b.c.J effer{yLS AG, p. 87), as wella s thef actt hatt heyw ere
reproduceadt 1:10 in eitherp ublica- p. 316, nos.2 1-23) attributetdh eA r- notf oundt ogethera;s noteda bove,
tion( 1888, 1893). See Comparetti chaici nscriptionfsr omA xost o one of Axos 6 was discovereodn thea cropolis,
and Halbherr1 888:A xos5 : H. 0.059, threele gal" codes"T: able 1, nos. 12-14, whereasA xos5 was reused( as building
W. 0.072 m;A xos6 : H. 0.055 (at belongedt o a legalc ode oft hee arly material?i)n a housei n them odern
left)W, . 0.076 m; Comparett1i8 93: 6thc enturyb. c.; nos. 1-8 and 11 be- villagew, herei tw as studiedin situb y
Axos5 : H. 0.064,W . 0.077 m;A xos 6: longedt o a secondc ode ofc a. 525- HaussoullierH, albherra,n dJ effery.
H. 0.060 (at left)W, . 0.082 m.T he 500 b.c.; and no. 16 belongedt o a third
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
84 PAULA J. PERLMAN
Figure 1. Drawingso fA xos 6 (left
column)a nd Axos 5 (rightc olumn).
la, lb (nott o scale):H aussoullier1 885,p . 2,
topl eft( Axos6 ) and bottom(A xos5 );
2a, 2b (scalec a. 1:15): afterC omparettain d
Halbherr1 888,p p. 147-148 (Axos6 ),
pp. 145-146 (Axos5 ); 3a, 3b (scalec a. 1:15):
afterC omparett1i8 93,p p.4 03-404 (Axos6 ),
pp. 401-402 (Axos5 )
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
a "new" inscription from archaic axos 85
Figure 1 (continued). Drawings of
Axos 6 (leftc olumn)a nd Axos 5
(right column). Scale 1:15. 4a, 4b: after
Guarducciin IC II, p. 54,b ottom(A xos6 )
andt op( Axos5 ), witht exto fG uarducci
below;5 a, 5b: afterP oinikastacso, urtesy
L. H. JefferAyr chiveo ft heC entref or
theS tudyo fA ncientD ocumentsO, xford
University
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
86 PAULA J. PERLMAN
Figure2 . Axos 6 + Axos 5.
Scale 1:10.A fterG uarducciin /CII, p. 54
oncei n Axos6 , line3 . The termi s attestedin justo ne othere pichoric
Cretani nscriptionan, early-5th-centularwy fromG ortyne xempting
froms eizurec ertaink indso fp ropertiyn,c ludinegq uipmenuts edi n war
(/CIV 75B,l ines1 -3).A secondle xicafl eaturoef t hei nscribewda llb locks
fromA xosu nderscortehs es ignificanocfet hiso bservatioOnf. t he1 3 texts
thatp reservme oret hana fewl etter(sT able1 , nos.1 -7, 9-lla, 16),f ive
(nos.1 -4,1 6) includev arioufs ormsb,o thn ominaaln dv erbalo,f t her oot
*werg/T.2h1e coincidencteh atA xos5 andA xos6 do notp reserv*ew erg/
termbs utd os harea termt hati s otherwiseex tremerlyar ei n theA rchaic
Cretanle xiconis striking.
Witht woe xception(As xos6 andT able 1, no. 12B),t hef irslti neo f
allm ultilineep ichoritce xtfs romA xost hata rei nscribeodn blocksw itha
preserveudp pere dgeb egina tt hel eft.2A2g ainw itht woe xception(Ts able1 ,
nos.1 2A and1 4g),t hes amei s trueo ft extso fo nlyo nel ine.2T3h eseo b-
servationssu ggestth ati nscriptionfrs omA xosu suallyb egana t thel eft.
Our originatle xtt, heni,s likelyt o haves tartewd itha liner unninfgr om
thel eftt o ther ighto n a blockh igheru p thew all.T he distancbe etween
thet opo ft hel etterisn line1 ofA xos6 andt heu ppere dgeo fthatb lock
appearst o be aboutt hes amea s thei nterlineasrp acee lsewherien Axos
5 andA xos6 . The finalli nei nscribeodn theb locksi mmediatelayb ove
Axos5 andA xos6 mayt, henh, aver estedd irectloyn thel owere dgeo f
thoseb locks,a s does line 7 on Axos 5. The textm usth avec ontinued
ontoa block( or blocks)t o thel efto fA xos 6. On theo therh and,a s I
argueb elow,it is likelyt hatt het exti s completeat ther ightI.t is not
possiblet o determinief line 8, on the" tab"a t theb ottomo f Axos 6,
is thef inalli neo ft het ext.
21. Table 1, no. 1, lines6 -7: fep- line7 : [- fe]pyaaxa. 23. Table 1, nos.8 , lib, 14f,1 5.
yaKaáaxai; no. 2, line9 : to fépyov; 22. Table 1, nos. 1, 4, 7, 9, 10B, 13a, No. 14c preserveosn e lineo ft extt hat
no. 3, line4 : pepyaÇe- [ ]; no.4 , 13b.I t is notp ossiblet o determinteh e beginsa t ther ightb, uti t is notp ossible
line5 : xof £py-o [ ]; no. 16,l ines3 -4: directionof n o. 10A,l ine 1, or no. 14a, to determinief t heu ppere dgeo ft he
xovf [epya]oxávli,n e5 : pepyaaxáç, linei. blocki s preserved.
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
a "new" inscription from archaic axos 87
Text and Translation
Axos6 Fig.l :la-5a
H. 0.76 (at left)W, . 0.94,T h. 0.36 m
L.H. 0.07-0.08m
Limestonbel ockr, oughlrye ctanguleaxrc eptf ora notcht hate xtends
leftf romth el owerr ighcto rnesrl ightlmy oret hanh alfwaaylo ngt hel ower
edgeo ft heb lockF. oundb yH aussoullieirn 1 879o nt hea cropoliosf a ncient
Axos.D imensionfs romG uarduccIiC, II, p. 54.
Axos5 Fig. l:lb-5b
P.H. 0.63,W . 0.73,T h. ca. 0.23 m
L.H. 0.07-0.08m
Roughlyr ectangulalirm estonbe lock.L eft,r ighta,n d lowere dges
preserveFdo. undb yH aussoullieirn 1879r eusedin a housei nt hem odern
villageo fA xos.D imensionfs romG uarduccIiC, H, p. 54.
The underlineldet terasr ei nscribeodn Axos5 .
ca. 500 b.c. boustrophedon
-
[---- i
[èv] piSoci,m ill FloxeiÔavoi [- ] <~
[- ]e0evT i|ievI to noXe'i'o'.
I là ápxf)U £VT ÔK 0Xé,[iI0 [ ]
[- x]6 5' âta> Ô£K(xtFoí ev r' ÀoyKÍ-
5 ov ove alé. I to jjièvô ékoctov[- ]
[- ]ev tocG iva. I ai 8' a' aaTal vr ' a-
foiTOA nEi.inEiriAI ò kócuo[ç - - -]
¿.AT^-'-i

[ ]
[ on] Mt. Ida, andt o Poseidon[ ]
[ ] fromth ew ars hallb e [ ].
The thingfs romth ew arh ere[ ]
[ ] fromth eo therd ekatoan w ieno r a spear
5 theo nesw hoa t thet imeT. he dekato[n ]
[ ] thes acredt hingsB. uti ft hec itizenw omena,f ter
itw as seized,[ ], thek osmo[ s ]
Epigraphical Commentary
The majoritoyf t hed ifficurleta dingosc curin A xos5 . Haussoulliesr d raw-
ingo fthatb lock( Fig. 1:1b),w hichi s thee arliesdt ocumentatioonft he
inscriptiorne,p resentths el eftr, ighta,n dl owere dgesa sj aggedr, athetrh an
thes traighetd gesd epicteidn t hel aterd rawingosf H albher(rF ig.1 :2b,3 b),
Guarducc(iF ig.1 :4b),a ndJ effer(Fyi g.1 :5b),a ndh e recordcso nsiderably
fewerle ttertsh ant heyd o.I t is likelyth ata t thet imeH aussoullieerx am-
inedt heb locks, omem ateria(sl tuccom, ortaro,r p erhapps aint)a ssociated
withi tsr euseo bscuredp ortionosf thet extp, articularalyt t hee dgeso f
theb lockH. albherrm usth avec leanedt hes toneb eforde rawinigt .E ven
so,t hel etterasl ongt hel efta ndr ighetd geso fA xos5 appeart o haveb een
difficutlot r ead( Fig. l:lb-5b).
This content downloaded from 71.168.218.10 on Tue, 18 Mar 2014 10:12:44 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions