Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee: Expert Consult

1890 Pages·2011·36.77 MB·English

by  W. Norman Scott

I & s
nsall cott
Surgery
of the
Knee

F I F T H E D I T I O N
I & s
nsall cott
Surgery
of the
Knee
Editor
W. Norman Scott, MD, FACS
Clinical Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Associate Orthopaedic Attending
Lenox Hill Hospital
Founding Director
Insall Scott Kelly Institute for
Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
New York, New York
with 3439 illustrations
Published in association with
The Knee Society
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
INSALL & SCOTT SURGERY OF THE KNEE ISBN: 978-1-4377-1503-3
Copyright © 2012 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Insall & Scott surgery of the knee / editor, W. Norman Scott.—5th ed.
p. ; cm.
Insall and Scott surgery of the knee
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4377-1503-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Knee–Surgery. I. Scott, W. Norman. II. Insall, John N. III. Title: Insall and Scott surgery of the
knee. IV. Title: Surgery of the knee.
[DNLM 1. Knee–surgery. 2. Arthroplasty. 3. Knee Injuries–surgery. 4. Ligaments, Articular–injuries.
WE 870]
RD561.S87 2012
617.5’82059—dc23
2011017158
Acquisitions Editor: Dolores Meloni
Developmental Editor: Anne Snyder
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson
Senior Project Manager: Rachel E. McMullen
Design Direction: Ellen Zanolle Working together to grow
libraries in developing countries
Printed in the United States of America www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
SECTION EDITORS
W. Norman Scott MD, FACS Mininder S. Kocher, MD, MPH
Clinical Professor Associate Director
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Division of Sports Medicine
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Children’s Hospital Boston
Associate Orthopaedic Attending Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Lenox Hill Hospital Harvard Medical School
Founding Director Boston, Massachusetts
Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and
Richard D. Komistek, PhD
Sports Medicine
Fred M. Roddy Endowed Professor, Biomedical Engineering
New York, New York
Co-Center Director, Center for Musculoskeletal Research
Fred D. Cushner, MD University of Tennessee
Assistant Clinical Professor Knoxville, Tennessee
Albert Einstein School of Medicine
Mary I. O’Connor, MD
Bronx, New York
Associate Professor, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Director
Chair, Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and
Mayo Clinic in Florida
Sports Medicine
Jacksonville, Florida
New York, New York
Chairman, Division of Orthopedics Susan Craig Scott, MD
Southside Hospital Clinical Assistant Professor
Bay Shore, New York Orthopaedic Surgeon
New York University School of Medicine;
David R. Diduch, MS, MD
Surgeon, Hand Surgery
Alfred R. Shands Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases
Head Orthopaedic Team Physician
New York, New York
Fellowship Director, Sports Medicine
University of Virginia Giles R. Scuderi, MD
Charlottesville, Virginia Director
Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopedics and Sports
Andrew G. Franks, Jr., MD, FACP
Medicine;
Clinical Professor of Dermatology & Medicine
Vice President
(Rheumatology)
Orthopedic Service Line
Director, Skin Lupus & Autoimmune Connective Tissue
North Shore/LIJ Health Care System
Disease Section
New York, New York
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York Daniel M. Walz, MD
Chief, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
George J. Haidukewych, MD
Department of Radiology
Academic Chairman of Orthopedic Surgery, Orlando
North Shore University Hospital
Health;
Manhasset, New York;
Chief of Orthopedic Trauma;
Medical Director
Chief of Complex Adult Reconstructive Services;
North Shore-LIJ Imaging at Great South Bay
Residency Program;
Islip, New York;
Director, Orlando Health
Assistant Professor of Radiology
Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Central
North Shore-LIJ Hofstra University School of Medicine
Florida
Hempstead, New York
Orlando, Florida
Arlen D. Hanssen, MD
President, 2010-2011
The Knee Society,
Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
v
DEDICATION
To My Wife, My Best Friend whose understated demeanor disguises her spectacular
achievements, Physician, Teacher, Author, Wife, and Mother!
To our children, Eric, Will, and Kelly, Not a day goes by that we aren’t so thankful to
have been blessed with the three of you. All of you have worked so hard to achieve so
much in such a short time and yet have maintained such a wonderful balance in your
life. Your uncompromising pursuit of accomplishment will unquestionably continue to
bring happiness to your lives and, of course, ours! Thank you.
vii
CONTRIBUTORS
Aryeh M. Abeles, MD David Backstein, MD, MEd, FRCS
Assistant Clinical Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Associate Professor, University of Toronto; Head, Division
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital; Director
Health Sciences Center, Farmington, Connecticut of Undergraduate Education, Department of Surgery,
University of Toronto; Medical Lead and Chair, Mount
Paolo Aglietti, MD
Sinai Centre for MSK Disease, Toronto, Canada
Former Director of the First Orthopaedics Clinic,
University of Florence, Florence, Italy Geoffrey S. Baer, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Division of Sports Medicine,
Azhar A. Ali
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation,
Computational Biomechanics Lab, University of Denver,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
Denver, Colorado
Sarvottam Bajaj, BE
Annunziato Amendola, MD
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic
Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and
Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago,
Rehabilitation; Director and Callaghan Chair, University
Illinois
of Iowa Sports Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City,
Iowa Andrea Baldini, MD
First Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Florence,
Allen F. Anderson, MD
Florence, Italy
Tennessee Orthopaedic Alliance; Director, Lipscomb
Foundation for Education and Research, Nashville, Mark A. Baldwin
Tennessee Computational Biomechanics Lab, University of Denver,
Denver, Colorado
Christian Noel Anderson, MD
Chief Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sue Barber-Westin, BS
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Director, Clinical and Applied Research, Cincinnati
Tennessee Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation,
Cincinnati, Ohio
Jason D. Archibald, MD
New England Orthopedic Specialists; Clinical Affiliate, Joseph Barker
Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fellow, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of
Boston, Massachusetts Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois
Elizabeth Arendt, MD
Professor and Vice Chair, University of Minnesota, Christopher P. Beauchamp, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Minneapolis, Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Minnesota Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona
Jean-Noël Argenson, MD, PhD Martin Bédard, FRCS
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chairman, Department of Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de
Orthopaedic Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, l’Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada
France
Keith R. Berend, MD
Amy F. Austin, MD Associate, Joint Implant Surgeons; Vice-Chairman, Board
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Methodist Hospital of Directors, Mount Carmel New Albany Surgical
Division, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Hospital; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Orthopaedics, Ohio State University, New Albany, Ohio
Bernard R. Bach, Jr., MD Richard A. Berger, MD
Claude Lambert–Helen S. Thomson Professor of Assistance Professor of Orthopedics, Rush University,
Orthopedics; Director, Division of Sports Medicine; Chicago, Illinois
Director, RUSH Sports Medicine Fellowship; Team
Thomas Bernasek, MD
Physician, Chicago White Sox and Chicago Bulls,
Clinical Professor, University of South Florida; Orthopaedic
Chicago, Illinois
Surgery Director, Adult Reconstruction Fellowship,
Florida Orthopaedic Institute; Chief of Staff, Tampa
General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
ix
x Contributors
Daniel J. Berry, MD Eli Chen, MD, PhD
L. Z. Gund Professor and Chairman, Department of Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish
Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
Jack M. Bert, MD Anikar Chhabra, MD, MS
Summit Orthopedics; Adjunct Clinical Professor, Team Orthopaedic Surgeon, Arizona State University;
University of Minnesota School of Medicine, St. Paul, Banner Good Sam Ortho Residency, Sports Medicine
Minnesota Director, Mayo Clinic; Adjunct Assistant Professor,
Orthopaedic Clinic Association, Phoenix/Scottsdale,
Kevin F. Bonner, MD
Arizona
Assistant Professor, Eastern Virginia Medical School,
Jordan-Young Institute, Virginia Beach, Virginia Constance R. Chu, MD
Albert Ferguson Associate Professor, Vice Chair
Adam C. Brekke, BA
Translational Research, Department of Orthopaedic
Research Fellow, Institute of Orthopedic Research and
Surgery; Director, Cartilage Restoration Center,
Education, Houston, Texas
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Karen K. Briggs, MBA, MPH
Randy Clark, MD
Department of Clinical Research, Steadman Philippon
Resident, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and
Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Claire L. Brockett, BEng, PhD
Henry D. Clarke, MD
Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of
Consultant, Department of Orthopedics, Associate
Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds,
Professor of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Mayo
United Kingdom
Clinic, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona
Michael K. Brooks, MD, MPH
David E. Cohen
Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Department of Medicine, New York University School of
Boston, Massachusetts
Medicine, New York, New York
James A. Browne, MD
Brian J. Cole, MD, MBA
Fellow in Adult Reconstruction, Department of
Professor, Departments of Orthopedics and Anatomy and
Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Cell Biology, Division of Sports Medicine; Section Head,
Minnesota
Cartilage Restoration Center, Rush University Medical
Brandon J. Bryant, MD, MC, USN Center, Chicago, Illinois
Orthopaedic Surgeon, Sports Medicine Service, Naval
Thomas M. Coon, MD, FAAOS
Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia
Director and Founder, Coon Joint Replacement Institute,
Jarett S. Burak, MD St. Helena Hospital, St. Helena, California
Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of
John H. Currier, MS
Radiology, North Shore University Hospital; Assistant
Dartmouth Biomedical Engineering Center, Thayer School
Professor of Radiology, North Shore-LIJ Hofstra
of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New
University School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
Hampshire
Alissa Burge, MD
Fred D. Cushner, MD
North Shore University Hospital, Department of Radiology,
Director, Insall Scott Kelly Institute for Orthopaedics and
Manhasset, New York
Sports Medicine; Chairman, Division of Orthopedics,
Charles Bush-Joseph, MD Southside Hospital Bay Shore; Assistant Clinical
Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Professor, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York,
Center, Chicago, Illinois New York
Asokumar Buvanendran, MD Diane L. Dahm, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic
Medicine; Director of Orthopedic Anesthesia, College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota
Center, Chicago, Illinois
Timothy A. Damron, MD, FACS
John Callaghan, MD David G. Murray Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate
Professor of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Dr. Lawrence Medical University, State University of New York,
and Marilyn Dorr Endowed Chair for Hip Reconstruction Syracuse, New York
and Research, University of Iowa Sports Medicine,
Joseph P. DeAngelis, MD
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Instructor, Harvard Medical School; Department of
Tom R. Carter, MD Orthopaedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Orthopaedic Clinic Association, Phoenix, Arizona Boston, Massachusetts
Contributors xi
Bridget M. Deasy, PhD Christopher M. Farrell, MD
Department of Bioengineering, Department of Orthopedic Maryland Orthopedic Specialists, Bethesda, Maryland
Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine;
Thomas K. Fehring, MD
Assistant Professor Departments of Orthopedic Surgery
Co-Director, OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center; Chief
and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
of Orthopaedics, Presbyterian-Orthopaedic Hospital,
Pennsylvania
Charlotte, North Carolina
David DeJour, MD
Julian Feller, MD
Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Lyon, France
Associate Professor, La Trobe University Medical Center,
Craig J. Della Valle, MD Orthopaedic Surgeon, Richmond VIC Australia
Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of
Jonathan T. Finnoff, DO
Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center,
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Chicago, Illinois
Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo
A. Lee Dellon, MD, PhD Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Rochester, Minnesota
Professor of Plastic Surgery and Neurosurgery, Johns
John Fisher, PhD, DEng
Hopkins University; Dellon Institute for Peripheral
Professor of Mechanical Engineering; Director, Institute of
Nerve Surgery, Towson, Maryland
Medical and Biological Engineering, School of
Guillaume Demey, MD Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, United
Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Orthopedie Centre Albert Kingdom
Trillat, University Hospital, Lyon, France
Wolfgang Fitz, MD
Douglas A. Dennis, MD Associate Orthopaedic Surgeon, Brigham and Women’s and
Adjunct Professor, Department of Bioengineering, Faulkner Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
University of Tennessee; Adjunct Professor of Massachusetts
Bioengineering, University of Denver; Director, Rocky
Clare K. Fitzpatrick
Mountain Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Denver,
Computational Biomechanics Lab, University of Denver,
Colorado
Denver, Colorado
Ezra Deutsch, MD, FACC, FSCAI
John P. Fletcher, MBBS, MD, MS, FRACS, FRCS, DDU
Director, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Southside
University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital; President,
Hospital, Bay Shore, New York; The Suffolk Heart
International Surgical Thrombosis Forum (ISTF);
Group, Smithtown, New York
Professor of Surgery, University of Sydney and Westmead
Ian D. Dickey, BSc, PEng (Hon), MD, FRCSC Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemical and Biological
John M. Flynn, MD
Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
Associate Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s
David R. Diduch, MS, MD Hospital of Philadelphia; Associate Professor of
Alfred R. Shands Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery; Head Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School
Orthopaedic Team Physician, Fellowship Director, Sports of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Andrew G. Franks, Jr., MD, FACP
Virginia
Clinical Professor of Dermatology & Medicine
Mark E. Easley, MD (Rheumatology), Director, Skin Lupus & Autoimmune
Associated Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke Connective Tissue Disease Section, New York University
University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina School of Medicine, New York, New York
Kostas Economopoulos, MD Richard J. Friedman, MD, FRCSC
Banner Good Samaritan Orthopedic Surgery Residency, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Roper Hospital,
Tempe, Arizona Medical University of South Carolina; Chairman,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Roper Hospital;
Gerard A. Engh, MD
Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical
Anderson Orthopaedic Clinic, Alexandria, Virginia
University of South Carolina; Medical Director,
Gregory C. Fanelli, MD Charleston Orthopaedic Associates, Charleston, South
GHS Orthopaedics, Danville, Pennsylvania Carolina
Jack Farr, II, MD Nicole A. Friel, MS, MD
Voluntary Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
University School of Medicine; Medical Director, of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cartilage Restoration Center of Indiana; Director,
OrthoIndy Sports Medicine; Fellowship, Indiana
Orthopaedic Hospital, Greenwood, Indiana
xii Contributors
Freddie H. Fu, MD, D.Sc. (Hon.), D.Ps. (Hon.) Mahmoud Hafez, FRCS Ed, PhD
Distinguished Service Professor, David Silver Professor, Professor, Head of the Orthopaedic Department, October 6
Chairman, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University; Arthroplasty Consultant, Al Helal
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Head Team (National) Orthopaedic Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
Physician, University of Pittsburgh Athletic Department,
George J. Haidukewych, MD
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh,
Academic Chairman of Orthopedic Surgery, Orlando
Pennsylvania
Health; Chief of Orthopedic Trauma; Chief of Complex
John P. Fulkerson, MD Adult Reconstructive Services; Residency Program;
Orthopedic Associates of Hartford; Clinical Professor of Director, Orlando Health, Professor of Orthopedic
Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Surgery, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
Farmington, Connecticut
Christopher A. Hajnik, MD
Robert Kyle Fullick, MD Director, STRIDE Comprehensive Joint Replacement
Baytown, Texas Program, Scripps Memorial Hospital; CORE Orthopaedic
Medical Center, Encinitas, California; Insall Scott Kelly
Theodore J. Ganley, MD
Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, New
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of
York, New York
Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Arlen D. Hanssen, MD
President, 2010-2011, The Knee Society; Professor,
Donald S. Garbuz, MD, MHsc, FRCSC
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Associate Professor and Head, Division of Lower Limb
Rochester, Minnesota
Reconstruction and Oncology, Department of
Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Christopher D. Harner, MD
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University
of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; UPMC Center for
Burhan Gharaibeh, PhD
Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC Joseph M. Hart, PhD, ATC
Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Assistant Professor, University of Virginia, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Human Services,
Thomas J. Gill, IV, MD
Charlottesville, Virginia
Chief, Sports Medicine Service; Associate Professor of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, William L. Healy, MD
Boston, Massachusetts Chairman, Orthopaedic Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington,
Massachusetts; Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston
Maria S. Goddard, MD
University, Boston, Massachusetts
Research Fellow, Rubin Institute of Advanced Orthopedics,
Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Peter F. Heeckt, MD, PhD
Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee
Andreas Gomoll, MD
Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Sarah E. Henry, MD
Medical School; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Orthopedic Surgery Resident, University of Pittsburgh,
Cartilage Repair Center, Boston, Massachusetts Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Carlos Gonzalez, MD Benton E. Heyworth, MD
Cartilage Repair Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Division of Sports
Boston, Massachusetts Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Children’s Hospital; Clinical Instructor, Harvard Medical
Christopher R. Gooding, BSc, MD, FRCS
School, Boston, Massachusetts
Fellow in Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery, Department
of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Richard Y. Hinton, MD, MPH
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Union Memorial Orthopaedics, Baltimore, Maryland
Robert C. Grumet, MD Aaron A. Hofmann, MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph Medical Professor, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt
Center, Orthopaedic Specialty Institute, Orange, Lake City, Utah
California
Siegfried Hofmann, MD
F. Winston Gwathmey, Jr., MD Associate Professor Orthopedic Surgery, Vienna, Austria
Resident Physician, University of Virginia, Department of
Ginger E. Holt, MD, FACS
Orthopaedics, Charlottesville, Virginia
Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Steve Haas, MD and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York Center, Nashville, Tennessee